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Storage Methods, Two Disks

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Chapter 8 Storage to your one-disk JBOD volume later without having to re-create shares, access rights, and so on. Alternatively, you could create a different JBOD volume if you install a second disk. (and create new shares, access rights and so on). Two Disks: You may choose JBOD, RAID 0 or RAID 1. With two disks you could create: • up to two JBOD volumes • one RAID 0 or RAID 1 volume • Choose JBOD for flexibility and maximum usage of disk space for data. • If you have a 2-bay model, you can choose RAID 0 if performance matters more than data security. RAID 0 has the fastest read and write performance but if one disk fails you lose all your data on the volume. It has fast performance as it can read and write to two disks simultaneously. Performance may matter more than data security to gamers for example. This method may also be acceptable for data that is already backed up somewhere else. • Choose RAID 1 if data security is more important than performance. Since RAID 1 mirrors data onto a second disk, you can recover all data even if one disk fails, but the performance is slower than RAID 0. 8.6.3 Storage Methods This section contains theoretical background on JBOD and the RAID levels used on the NSA. Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID) is a method of storing data on multiple disks to provide a combination of greater capacity, reliability, and/or speed. JBOD (Just a Bunch Of Disks) is not a RAID storage method but it is included in this discussion. These are some terms that you need to know in order to understand storage systems. • Mirroring In a RAID system using mirroring, all data in the system is written simultaneously to two hard disks instead of one. This provides 100% data redundancy as if one disk fails the other has the duplicated data. Mirroring setups always require an even number of drives. • Duplexing Like in mirroring, all data is duplicated onto two distinct physical hard drives but in addition it also duplicates the hardware that controls the two hard drives (one of the drives would be connected to one adapter and the other to a second adapter). • Striping Striping is the breaking up of data and storing different data pieces on each of the drives in an array. This allows faster reading and writing as it can be done simultaneously across disks. Striping can be done at the byte level, or in blocks. Byte-level striping means that the first byte of the file is sent to the first drive, then the second to the second drive, and so on. Block-level striping means that each file is split into blocks of a certain size and those are distributed to the various drives. The size of the blocks used is also called the stripe size (or block size). • Parity In mirroring 50% of the drives in the array are reserved for duplicate data. Parity is another way to allow data recovery in the event of disk failure using calculations rather than duplicating the data. If you have 'n' pieces of data, parity computes an extra piece of data. The'n+1' pieces of data are stored on 'n+1'drives. If you lose any one of the 'n+1' pieces of data, you can recreate Media Server User's Guide 167

Section	Page
Media Server	1
About This User's Guide	3
Document Conventions	4
Safety Warnings	6
Contents Overview	7
Table of Contents	9
User’s Guide	19
Getting to Know Your NSA	21
1.1 Overview	21
1.1.1 Smartphone App	22
1.1.2 Hard Disks for 2-Bay Models	22
1.1.3 Hard Disks for 1-Bay Models	22
1.1.4 COPY/SYNC Button	23
1.1.5 RESET Button	23
1.1.6 Removing a Hard Disk	23
zMedia App	25
2.1 Overview	25
2.2 Log into zMedia	25
2.3 File Browser	26
2.4 System	29
2.4.1 Settings	29
2.4.2 Status	29
2.4.3 Shutdown	32
2.4.4 Applications	33
2.4.5 Power	34
NAS Starter Utility	35
3.1 Overview	35
3.2 Starting the NAS Starter Utility	35
3.3 NAS Seeker Screen	35
3.4 Main NAS Starter Utility Screen	37
3.4.1 Directory of the NAS	38
3.5 Import Files or Folders with zPilot	39
3.6 Network Drive	40
3.7 Manage the Device	41
3.8 Configure System Settings	41
Web Configurator Basics	43
4.1 Overview	43
4.2 Accessing the NSA Web Configurator	43
4.2.1 Access the NSA Via NAS Starter Utility	44
4.2.2 Web Browser Access	44
4.3 Login	45
4.4 Home Screens	46
4.4.1 Now Playing (Music)	49
4.4.2 Exif and Google Maps (Photos)	50
4.4.3 Slideshow and CoolIris (Photos)	50
4.4.4 Favorite	51
4.4.5 File Browser	52
4.4.6 Share and Folder Names	55
4.4.7 Application Zone	56
4.4.8 System Settings	57
4.5 Administration Screens	58
4.5.1 Global Administration Icons	59
4.5.2 Navigation Panel	60
4.5.3 Main Window	61
4.5.4 Status Messages	61
4.5.5 Common Screen Icons	61
4.5.6 Session Example (Windows)	62
Tutorials	63
5.1 Overview	63
5.2 Windows 7 Network	63
5.2.1 If the NSA Icon Does Not Display	65
5.2.2 NSA Icon Right-click Options	66
5.3 Windows 7 Network Map	67
5.4 Playing Media Files in Windows 7	70
5.5 Windows 7 Devices and Printers	70
5.5.1 Windows 7 Desktop Shortcut	72
5.6 Creating a Volume in a 2-Bay NSA	73
5.6.1 Creating a RAID 1 Volume	73
5.6.2 Migrate Button	74
5.6.3 Create an Internal Volume Button	74
5.7 Creating a Volume in a 1-Bay NSA	75
5.7.1 Creating a RAID 1 Volume	76
5.7.2 Migrate Button	76
5.7.3 Create a SATA Volume Button	77
5.7.4 Creating a PC Compatible Volume	79
5.8 Deleting a Volume	82
5.9 File Sharing Tutorials	83
5.9.1 Creating a User Account	83
5.9.2 Creating a Share	85
5.9.3 Creating a Group	87
5.9.4 Accessing a Share From Windows Explorer	88
5.9.5 Accessing a Share Using FTP	90
5.9.6 Accessing a Share Through the Web Configurator	91
5.10 Download Service Tutorial	92
5.10.1 Copying/Pasting a Download Link	92
5.10.2 Installing the Link Capture Browser Plugin	95
5.10.3 Using the Link Capture Browser Plugin	100
5.10.4 Configuring the Download Service Preferences	102
5.10.5 Using Download Service Notification	104
5.11 Broadcatching Tutorial	107
5.12 Printer Server Tutorial	111
5.13 Copy and Flickr Auto Upload Tutorial	113
5.14 FTP Uploadr Tutorial	114
5.15 Web Configurator’s Security Sessions	117
5.15.1 Customizing the NSA’s Certificate	118
5.15.2 Downloading and Installing Customized Certificate	119
5.15.3 Turn on the NSA’s Web Security	123
5.16 Using FTPES to Connect to the NSA	130
5.17 Using a Mac to Access the NSA	131
5.17.1 Finder	132
5.17.2 Go Menu	133
5.18 How to Use the BackupPlanner	134
5.18.1 Creating an Archive Backup	134
5.18.2 Creating a Synchronization Backup	137
5.18.3 Restoring Archived Files by Backup Job	140
5.18.4 Restoring by Backup Files	143
Technical Reference	147
Status Screen	149
6.1 Overview	149
6.2 The Status Screen	149
System Setting	153
7.1 Overview	153
7.2 What You Can Do	153
7.3 What You Need to Know	153
7.4 The Server Name Screen	154
7.5 The Date/Time Screen	154
Storage	157
8.1 Overview	157
8.1.1 What You Need to Know About Storage	157
8.2 The Storage Screen	158
8.2.1 Disk Replacement Restrictions	158
8.2.2 Storage Screen	159
8.2.3 Volume Status	160
8.3 Creating an Internal (SATA) Volume	161
8.4 Editing a Volume	163
8.4.1 Scanning a Volume	164
8.5 Creating an External (USB) Volume	164
8.5.1 External Disks	165
8.6 Storage Technical Reference	166
8.6.1 Volumes and RAID	166
8.6.2 Choosing a Storage Method for a Volume	166
8.6.3 Storage Methods	167
Network	171
9.1 Overview	171
9.2 What You Can Do	171
9.3 What You Need to Know	171
9.4 The TCP/IP Screen	173
9.5 UPnP Port Mapping Screen	175
9.5.1 UPnP and the NSA’s IP Address	176
9.5.2 UPnP and Security	176
9.5.3 The NSA’s Services and UPnP	177
9.5.4 Configuring UPnP Port Mapping	177
9.6 The PPPoE Screen	179
Applications	181
10.1 Overview	181
10.2 What You Can Do	181
10.3 What You Need to Know	181
10.4 FTP Server	184
10.5 The Media Server Screens	185
10.5.1 The Media Server Share Publish Screen	187
10.5.2 The Media Server ID3 Tag Decoding Screen	188
10.5.3 The Media Server iTunes Server Screen	189
10.5.4 The Media Server SqueezeCenter Screen	189
10.6 The Download Service Screen	190
10.6.1 Adding a Download Task	193
10.6.2 Configuring General Settings	195
10.6.3 Configuring the BitTorrent Settings	197
10.6.4 Edit IP Filter	199
10.6.5 Selecting Files to Download	200
10.6.6 Displaying the Task Information	201
10.7 The Web Publishing Screen	202
10.8 The Broadcatching Screen	203
10.8.1 Adding a Broadcatching Channel	205
10.8.2 Editing a Broadcatching Channel	208
10.9 The Print Server Screen	209
10.9.1 Print Server Rename	210
10.10 The Copy/Sync Button Screen	211
10.11 Technical Reference	212
10.11.1 Sharing Media Files on Your Network	212
10.11.2 Download Service	213
10.11.3 Link Capture Browser Plugin	214
10.11.4 Download Service Notification	214
10.11.5 BitTorrent Security	215
10.11.6 Web Publishing Example	217
10.11.7 Web Publishing	218
10.11.8 Channel Guides for Broadcatching	219
10.11.9 Printer Sharing	220
10.11.10 Copying Files	220
10.11.11 Synchronizing Files	221
Package Management	225
11.1 Overview	225
11.2 What You Can Do	225
11.3 What You Need to Know	225
11.4 Package Management Screen	226
11.4.1 Displaying the Package Information	229
11.5 DyDNS Screen	229
11.6 NFS Screen	230
11.6.1 Add/Edit NFS Share	232
11.6.2 NFS Session	233
11.7 SMART Screen	233
11.7.1 SMART Brief Summary	235
11.7.2 SMART Full Summary	236
11.8 Protect Screens	237
11.9 Backup Screens	237
11.9.1 Backup: Step 1	238
11.9.2 Backup: Step 2	240
11.9.3 Backup: Step 3	242
11.9.4 Backup: Step 4	243
11.9.5 Edit Job Screen	244
11.9.6 Edit Job: Step 1	245
11.9.7 Edit Job: Step 2	246
11.9.8 Restore Archive Screen	247
11.9.9 Restore Archive: Step 1	247
11.9.10 Restore Archive: Step 2	248
11.9.11 Restore Archive: Step 3	249
11.10 Restore Screen	249
11.10.1 Restore: Step 1	250
11.10.2 Restore: Step 2	251
11.10.3 Restore: Step 3	252
11.10.4 Restore: Step 4	253
11.11 Syslog Server Screen	253
11.12 TFTP Server Screen	255
11.13 eMule Screens	256
11.13.1 eMule Server Screen	256
11.13.2 Add Server	258
11.13.3 Edit Server	258
11.13.4 My Info	259
11.13.5 eMule Task Screen	260
11.13.6 Add Task	262
11.13.7 Preferences	263
11.13.8 Edit IP Filter	266
11.13.9 Share Browsing	266
11.13.10 Task Info	268
11.13.11 eMule Search Screen	269
11.14 pyLoad Screen	271
11.15 Technical Reference	271
11.15.1 S.M.A.R.T Attributes	272
Auto Upload	275
12.1 Overview	275
12.2 What You Can Do	275
12.3 What You Need to Know	275
12.4 The Flickr/YouTube Screen	275
12.4.1 Configuring the Flickr Settings	276
12.4.2 Configuring the YouTube Settings	281
12.5 The FTP Uploadr Screen	284
12.5.1 Adding or Editing an FTP Server Entry	285
12.5.2 The FTP Uploadr Preferences Screen	286
Dropbox	289
13.1 Overview	289
13.2 Dropbox Screen	289
13.3 How to Use Dropbox with the NSA	291
Users	293
14.1 Overview	293
14.2 What You Can Do	293
14.3 The Users Screen	293
14.3.1 User Icons	295
14.3.2 Adding or Editing an Account	295
14.3.3 Usernames	297
14.4 Displaying User Info	297
Groups	299
15.1 Overview	299
15.2 What You Can Do	299
15.3 The Groups Screen	299
15.3.1 Adding or Editing a Group	300
15.3.2 Group Names	301
Shares	303
16.1 Overview	303
16.2 What You Can Do	303
16.3 The Shares Screen	303
16.3.1 Adding or Editing Share	305
16.3.2 Configuring Advanced Share Access	306
16.3.3 Public and ANONYMOUS Share Access Rights	307
16.4 The Recycle Bin Configuration Screen	307
16.4.1 Recycle Bins	307
16.4.2 Configuring Recycle Bins	308
16.5 The Share Browser Screen	308
16.5.1 Moving or Copying Files	310
Maintenance Screens	311
17.1 Overview	311
17.2 What You Can Do	311
17.3 The Power Screen	311
17.3.1 Editing the Power Control Schedule Screen	313
17.4 The Log Screen	315
17.4.1 Report Config Screen	315
17.4.2 Email Setting	316
17.4.3 Report Setting	317
17.4.4 Syslog Server Setting	317
17.5 The Configuration Screen	318
17.6 SSL Certification	319
17.6.1 Modifying or Creating a Certificate	320
17.7 The Firmware Upgrade Screen	321
17.8 The Shutdown Screen	322
17.9 Technical Reference	323
17.9.1 Log Classes	323
17.9.2 Log Severity Levels	324
17.9.3 Log Messages	324
Protecting Your Data	331
18.1 Overview	331
18.2 Protection Methods	331
18.3 Configuration File Backup and Restoration	331
18.4 Memeo Autobackup	332
18.4.1 Memeo Autobackup Installation and Setup	332
18.4.2 Using Memeo Autobackup After the Initial Setup	334
Using Time Machine with the NSA	337
19.1 Overview	337
19.2 Create an Account and a Share on the NSA	337
19.3 Set Time Machine to Support Network Volume	339
19.4 Mounting the NSA on the Mac	340
19.5 Creating a Sparse Bundle File for the NSA	341
19.5.1 Finding out Computer Name and MAC Address	341
19.5.2 Creating a Sparse Bundle File	342
19.5.3 Mounting the Sparse Bundle to the NSA	344
19.6 Using Time Machine	345
Troubleshooting	347
20.1 Troubleshooting Overview	347
20.2 Power, Hardware, Connections, and LEDs	347
20.3 NAS Starter Utility	349
20.4 NSA Login and Access	350
20.4.1 Enabling Scripting of Safe ActiveX Controls	352
20.5 I Cannot Access The NSA	354
20.6 Users Cannot Access the NSA	354
20.7 External USB Drives	356
20.8 Firmware	356
20.9 File Transfer	356
20.10 Networking	357
20.11 Some Features’ Screens Do Not Display	357
20.12 Media Server Functions	358
20.13 Download Service and Broadcatching Functions	360
20.14 Web Publishing	361
20.15 Auto Upload	362
20.16 Package Management	362
20.17 Backups	363
Product Specifications	365
21.1 LEDs	365
21.2 Supported Media Server Content Formats	366
21.3 Supported iTunes Server Content Formats	367
Setting Up Your Computer’s IP Address	369
Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions	397
Common Services	407
Importing Certificates	411
Legal Information	437
Index	439

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Chapter 8 Storage

Media Server User’s Guide

167

to your one-disk JBOD volume later without having to re-create shares, access rights, and so on.

Alternatively, you could create a different JBOD volume if you install a second disk. (and create new

shares, access rights and so on).

Two Disks:

You may choose JBOD, RAID 0 or RAID 1. With two disks you could create:

•

up to two JBOD volumes

•

one RAID 0 or RAID 1 volume

•

Choose JBOD for flexibility and maximum usage of disk space for data.

•

If you have a 2-bay model, you can choose RAID 0 if performance matters more than data

security. RAID 0 has the fastest read and write performance but if one disk fails you lose all

your data on the volume. It has fast performance as it can read and write to two disks

simultaneously. Performance may matter more than data security to gamers for example. This

method may also be acceptable for data that is already backed up somewhere else.

•

Choose RAID 1 if data security is more important than performance. Since RAID 1 mirrors data

onto a second disk, you can recover all data even if one disk fails, but the performance is slower

than RAID 0.

8.6.3

Storage Methods

This section contains theoretical background on JBOD and the RAID levels used on the NSA.

Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID) is a method of storing data on multiple disks to

provide a combination of greater capacity, reliability, and/or speed. JBOD (Just a Bunch Of Disks) is

not a RAID storage method but it is included in this discussion.

These are some terms that you need to know in order to understand storage systems.

• Mirroring

In a RAID system using mirroring, all data in the system is written simultaneously to two hard

disks instead of one. This provides 100% data redundancy as if one disk fails the other has the

duplicated data. Mirroring setups always require an even number of drives.

• Duplexing

Like in mirroring, all data is duplicated onto two distinct physical hard drives but in addition it

also duplicates the hardware that controls the two hard drives (one of the drives would be

connected to one adapter and the other to a second adapter).

• Striping

Striping is the breaking up of data and storing different data pieces on each of the drives in an

array. This allows faster reading and writing as it can be done simultaneously across disks.

Striping can be done at the byte level, or in blocks. Byte-level striping means that the first byte

of the file is sent to the first drive, then the second to the second drive, and so on. Block-level

striping means that each file is split into blocks of a certain size and those are distributed to the

various drives. The size of the blocks used is also called the stripe size (or block size).

• Parity

In mirroring 50% of the drives in the array are reserved for duplicate data. Parity is another way

to allow data recovery in the event of disk failure using calculations rather than duplicating the

data. If you have ‘n’ pieces of data, parity computes an extra piece of data. The’n+1’ pieces of

data are stored on ‘n+1’drives. If you lose any one of the ‘n+1’ pieces of data, you can recreate