Texas Instruments BA-20 Profit Manager User Manual - Page 100

AOS™ (Algebraic Operating System) Calculations, Rounding, Algebraic Hierarchy

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Rounding If a calculation produces a result with 11-digits or more, the calculator uses the internal guard digits to determine how to display the result. If the eleventh digit of the result is 5 or greater, the calculator rounds the result to the next larger value for display. For example, consider this problem. 1 P 3 Q 3 = ? Internally, the calculator solves the problem in two steps, as shown below. 1. 1 P 3 = 0.3333333333333 2. 0.3333333333333 Q 3 = 0.9999999999999 The calculator rounds the result and displays it as 1. This rounding enables the calculator to display the most accurate result. Although most calculations are accurate to within ±1 in the last displayed digit, higher-order mathematical functions use iterative calculations, in which inaccuracies can accumulate in the guard digits. In most cases, the cumulative error from these calculations is maintained beyond the 10digit display so that no inaccuracy is shown. AOS™ (Algebraic Operating System) Calculations When you select the AOS calculation method, the calculator uses the standard rules of algebraic hierarchy to determine the order in which it performs operations. Algebraic Hierarchy The table shows the order in which the calculator performs operations using the AOS calculation method. Priority 1 (highest) 2 3 4 5 6 7 (lowest) Operations x2, x!, 1/x, %, ‡x, LN, e2, HYP, INV, SIN, COS, TAN nCr, nPr Yx Q, P +, ) = 96 Appendix - Reference Information

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96
Appendix — Reference Information
Rounding
If a calculation produces a result with 11-digits or more, the calculator
uses the internal guard digits to determine how to display the result. If
the eleventh digit of the result is 5 or greater, the calculator rounds the
result to the next larger value for display.
For example, consider this problem.
1
P
3
Q
3 = ?
Internally, the calculator solves the problem in two steps, as shown
below.
1.
1
P
3 = 0.3333333333333
2.
0.3333333333333
Q
3 = 0.9999999999999
The calculator rounds the result and displays it as 1. This rounding
enables the calculator to display the most accurate result.
Although most calculations are accurate to within ±1 in the last displayed
digit, higher-order mathematical functions use iterative calculations, in
which inaccuracies can accumulate in the guard digits. In most cases, the
cumulative error from these calculations is maintained beyond the 10-
digit display so that no inaccuracy is shown.
AOS™ (Algebraic Operating System) Calculations
When you select the
AOS
calculation method, the calculator uses the
standard rules of algebraic hierarchy to determine the order in which it
performs operations.
Algebraic Hierarchy
The table shows the order in which the calculator performs operations
using the
AOS
calculation method.
Priority
Operations
1 (highest)
x
2
,
x!
,
1/x
,
%
,
x
,
LN
,
e
2
,
HYP
,
INV
,
SIN
,
COS
,
TAN
2
nCr
,
nPr
3
Yx
4
Q
,
P
5
+
,
-
6
)
7 (lowest)
=