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Example: Four Subnets, Table 79

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Appendix C IP Addresses and Subnetting In a 25-bit subnet the host ID has 7 bits, so each sub-network has a maximum of 27 - 2 or 126 possible hosts (a host ID of all zeroes is the subnet's address itself, all ones is the subnet's broadcast address). 192.168.1.0 with mask 255.255.255.128 is subnet A itself, and 192.168.1.127 with mask 255.255.255.128 is its broadcast address. Therefore, the lowest IP address that can be assigned to an actual host for subnet A is 192.168.1.1 and the highest is 192.168.1.126. Similarly, the host ID range for subnet B is 192.168.1.129 to 192.168.1.254. Example: Four Subnets The previous example illustrated using a 25-bit subnet mask to divide a 24-bit address into two subnets. Similarly, to divide a 24-bit address into four subnets, you need to "borrow" two host ID bits to give four possible combinations (00, 01, 10 and 11). The subnet mask is 26 bits (11111111.11111111.11111111.11000000) or 255.255.255.192. Each subnet contains 6 host ID bits, giving 26 - 2 or 62 hosts for each subnet (a host ID of all zeroes is the subnet itself, all ones is the subnet's broadcast address). Table 79 Subnet 1 IP/SUBNET MASK IP Address (Decimal) IP Address (Binary) Subnet Mask (Binary) Subnet Address: 192.168.1.0 Broadcast Address: 192.168.1.63 NETWORK NUMBER 192.168.1. 11000000.10101000.00000001. 11111111.11111111.11111111. Lowest Host ID: 192.168.1.1 LAST OCTET BIT VALUE 0 00000000 11000000 Highest Host ID: 192.168.1.62 Table 80 Subnet 2 IP/SUBNET MASK IP Address IP Address (Binary) Subnet Mask (Binary) Subnet Address: 192.168.1.64 Broadcast Address: 192.168.1.127 NETWORK NUMBER LAST OCTET BIT VALUE 192.168.1. 64 11000000.10101000.00000001. 01000000 11111111.11111111.11111111. 11000000 Lowest Host ID: 192.168.1.65 Highest Host ID: 192.168.1.126 306 N4100 User's Guide

Section	Page
N4100	1
About This User's Guide	3
Document Conventions	5
Safety Warnings	7
Contents Overview	9
Table of Contents	11
User’s Guide	19
Introduction	21
1.1 Overview	21
1.2 Managing the N4100	21
1.3 Good Habits for Managing the N4100	22
1.4 Applications for the N4100	22
1.4.1 Internet Access	22
1.4.2 Wireless Connection	23
1.5 Restoring Factory Defaults	24
1.5.1 Using the Reset Button	24
1.6 LEDs (Lights)	25
The Web Configurator	27
2.1 Overview	27
2.1.1 Accessing the Web Configurator	27
2.2 Web Configurator Main Screen	29
2.2.1 Navigation Panel	29
2.2.2 Main Window	32
2.2.3 Status Bar	32
2.2.4 Wizard Setup Screens	32
2.2.5 System Quick View Screen	33
Tutorials	35
3.1 Overview	35
3.2 Wireless Network Setup	35
3.2.1 Configuring the N4100 Wireless Network Settings	36
3.2.2 Connecting to the N4100 Wirelessly	37
3.3 Subscriber Authentication and Account Generation	38
3.3.1 Creating Accounts in the Web Configurator	39
3.3.2 Using a Statement Printer to Create Accounts and Print Subscriber Statements	41
3.3.3 Viewing the Account List	41
3.4 Subscriber Login	42
3.5 Report Printing Using the SP300E	42
3.5.1 Reports Overview	43
3.5.2 Key Combinations	43
3.5.3 Daily Account Summary	43
3.5.4 Monthly Account Summary	44
3.5.5 Account Report Notes	45
3.5.6 System Status	45
3.5.7 Network Statistics	47
3.6 Using DDNS to access the N4100	49
3.6.1 Registering a DDNS Account on www.dyndns.org	49
3.6.2 Configuring DDNS on Your N4100	50
3.6.3 Testing the DDNS Setting	50
3.7 Accessing the Devices on the LAN from the WAN	51
3.8 Using SSL Security for Connections between the N4100 and your Computer	52
3.8.1 Activating SSL Security for Management Connections	52
3.8.2 Viewing and Installing the SSL Security Certificate	53
3.8.3 Activating SSL Security for Subscriber Logins	58
3.8.4 Using a New Certificate for SSL Security	58
Technical Reference	61
System Setup	63
4.1 Overview	63
4.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter	63
4.1.2 What You Need to Know	63
4.2 The System Screen	64
4.3 Technical Reference	67
4.3.1 iPnP ZyXEL Implementation	68
4.3.2 How iPnP Works	69
WAN/LAN	71
5.1 Overview	71
5.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter	71
5.1.2 What You Need to Know	71
5.2 The WAN/LAN Screen	73
5.3 Technical Reference	76
Server	81
6.1 Overview	81
6.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter	81
6.1.2 What You Need to Know	81
6.2 The Server Screen	84
6.3 The Static DHCP Table Screen	86
Authentication	89
7.1 Overview	89
7.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter	89
7.2 The Authentication Screen	89
RADIUS	93
8.1 Overview	93
8.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter	93
8.2 The RADIUS Screen	93
Billing	99
9.1 Overview	99
9.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter	99
9.1.2 What You Need to Know	99
9.2 The Billing Screen	100
Accounting	103
10.1 Overview	103
10.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter	103
10.1.2 What You Need to Know	103
10.2 The Accounting Screen	104
10.2.1 Charge By Levels Example	106
Credit Card	109
11.1 Overview	109
11.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter	109
11.2 The Credit Card Screen	110
Keypad	113
12.1 Overview	113
12.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter	113
12.2 The Keypad Screen	114
12.3 Keypad Configuration Examples	115
12.3.1 Keypad with Pre-Paid Billing Example	115
12.3.2 Keypad with Post-Paid Billing Example	117
Customization	119
13.1 Overview	119
13.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter	119
13.1.2 What You Need to Know	119
13.2 The Login Page Screen	120
13.2.1 Standard	122
13.2.2 Redirect	123
13.2.3 Advanced	125
13.2.4 Frame	126
13.3 The Logo Screen	127
13.4 The Information Windows Screen	128
13.5 The Account Printout Screen	129
13.6 The Credit Card Screen	134
13.6.1 Credit Card Standard Login Page	135
13.6.2 Credit Card Service Selection Page	136
13.6.3 Credit Card Successful Page	139
13.6.4 Credit Card Fail Page	140
Pass Through	143
14.1 Overview	143
14.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter	143
14.2 The Pass Through Screen	143
Filtering	147
15.1 Overview	147
15.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter	147
15.2 The Filtering Screen	147
Share	151
16.1 Overview	151
16.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter	151
16.2 The Share Screen	151
Portal Page, Advertisement Links and Walled Garden	153
17.1 Overview	153
17.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter	153
17.1.2 What You Need to Know	153
17.2 The Portal Page Screen	154
17.3 The Advertisement Screen	155
17.4 The Walled Garden Screen	156
17.4.1 Walled Garden Login Example	156
DDNS	159
18.1 Overview	159
18.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter	159
18.1.2 What You Need to Know	159
18.2 The DDNS Screen	160
LAN Devices	163
19.1 Overview	163
19.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter	163
19.1.2 What You Need to Know	163
19.2 The LAN Devices Screen	164
19.2.1 LAN Device Management Example	165
Syslog	167
20.1 Overview	167
20.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter	167
20.2 The Syslog Screen	168
20.3 The Log Settings Screen	170
Session Trace	175
21.1 Overview	175
21.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter	175
21.2 The Session Trace Screen	176
21.3 Session Trace Filename Convention	178
Secure Remote	181
22.1 Overview	181
22.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter	181
22.2 The Secure Remote Screen	181
SNMP	183
23.1 Overview	183
23.1.1 SNMP Traps	184
23.1.2 What You Can Do in this Chapter	184
23.2 The SNMP Screen	184
Bandwidth	187
24.1 Overview	187
24.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter	187
24.2 The Bandwidth Screen	188
Wireless LAN	189
25.1 Overview	189
25.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter	189
25.2 What You Need to Know	189
25.3 Before You Begin	191
25.4 The Wireless Screen	192
25.5 Technical Reference	198
25.5.1 Wireless Network Overview	198
25.5.2 Additional Wireless Terms	199
25.5.3 Wireless Security Overview	199
Account Generator	203
26.1 Overview	203
26.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter	203
26.2 The Account Generator Screen	204
Licensing	207
27.1 Overview	207
27.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter	207
27.2 The Registration Screen	207
27.3 The Service Screen	209
System Status	211
28.1 Overview	211
28.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter	211
28.2 The System Screen	212
28.3 The Account List Screen	216
28.4 The Account Log Screen	218
28.5 The Current User Screen	220
28.6 The DHCP Client Screen	221
28.7 The Session List Screen	222
28.8 The LAN Devices Screen	223
28.8.1 Accessing a LAN Device	224
Configuration and Firmware	225
29.1 Overview	225
29.1.1 Some Warnings	225
29.1.2 What You Can Do in this Chapter	225
29.1.3 What You Need To Know	225
29.2 The Configuration Screen	226
29.2.1 Backup Configuration Using HTTP	226
29.2.2 Backup Configuration Using TFTP	228
29.2.3 Restore Configuration Using HTTP	229
29.2.4 Restore Configuration Using TFTP	230
29.2.5 Restore Factory Defaults	232
29.3 The Firmware Screen	232
29.3.1 Manual Firmware Upgrade Using the Web Configurator	233
29.3.2 Manual Firmware Upgrade via TFTP Server	234
29.3.3 Manual Boot Code Upgrade Using the Web Configurator	235
29.3.4 Scheduled Firmware Upgrade	236
System Account	239
30.1 Overview	239
30.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter	239
30.2 The System Account Screen	240
SSL Certificate	243
31.1 Overview	243
31.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter	243
31.2 The SSL Certificate Screen	243
Ping Command	245
32.1 Overview	245
32.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter	245
32.2 The Ping Command Screen	245
Restart	247
33.1 Overview	247
33.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter	247
33.2 The Restart Screen	247
Troubleshooting	249
34.1 Overview	249
34.2 Power, Hardware Connections, and LEDs	249
34.3 N4100 Access and Login	250
34.4 Internet Access	251
34.5 Wireless LAN Troubleshooting	252
Product Specifications	255
Setting Up Your Computer’s IP Address	261
Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions	291
IP Addresses and Subnetting	301
Wireless LANs	313
Common Services	329
Open Software Announcements	333
Legal Information	339