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ZyXEL P-660RU-T1 v3s User Guide - Page 99

How NAT Works, How NAT Works

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Chapter 10 Network Address Translation (NAT) 10.6.3 How NAT Works Each packet has two addresses - a source address and a destination address. For outgoing packets, the inside local address is the source address on the LAN, and the inside public address is the source address on the WAN. For incoming packets, the inside local address is the destination address on the LAN, and the inside public address is the destination address on the WAN. NAT maps private (local) IP addresses to globally unique ones required for communication with hosts on other networks. It replaces the original IP source address (and TCP or UDP source port numbers for Many-to-One and Many-to-Many Overload NAT mapping) in each packet and then forwards it to the Internet. The P-660RU-Tx keeps track of the original addresses and port numbers so incoming reply packets can have their original values restored. The following figure illustrates this. Figure 39 How NAT Works LAN 192.168.1.13 192.168.1.12 SA 192.168.1.10 NAT Table Inside Local IP Address 192.168.1.10 192.168.1.11 192.168.1.12 192.168.1.13 Inside Public IP Address 1 2 3 4 SA 1 WAN Inside Local Address 192.168.1.11 192.168.1.10 Inside Public Address P-660RU-Tx User's Guide 99

Section	Page
P-660RU-Tx	1
About This User's Guide	3
Document Conventions	6
Safety Warnings	8
Contents Overview	9
Table of Contents	11
List of Figures	17
List of Tables	21
User’s Guide	23
Introducing the P-660RU-Tx	25
1.1 Overview	25
1.2 Ways to Manage the P-660RU-Tx	25
1.3 Good Habits for Managing the P-660RU-Tx	26
1.4 Applications for the P-660RU-Tx	26
1.4.1 Internet Access	27
1.5 LEDs (Lights)	28
1.6 The RESET Button	29
1.6.1 Using the Reset Button	29
1.7 USB Port	29
1.7.1 Installing the USB Driver in Windows	30
1.7.2 Verifying Your USB Installation	34
Introducing the Web Configurator	37
2.1 Overview	37
2.1.1 Accessing the Web Configurator	37
2.2 Web Configurator Main Screen	38
2.2.1 Navigation Panel	39
2.2.2 Main Window	40
Status	41
Device Information	43
3.1 Overview	43
3.2 The Device Info Screen	43
System Logs	47
4.1 Overview	47
4.2 The System Log Screen	47
Traffic Statistics	49
5.1 Overview	49
5.2 The Statistics Screen	49
Quick Start Wizard	51
6.1 Overview	51
6.2 Quick Start Wizard	51
Internet Setup	59
7.1 Overview	59
7.1.1 What You Can Do in the Internet Screens	59
7.1.2 What You Need to Know About ADSL Internet Access	59
7.1.3 Before You Begin	61
7.2 The Internet Screen	62
7.2.1 Dynamic IP Address	63
7.2.2 Static IP Address	65
7.2.3 PPPoA/PPPoE	67
7.2.4 Bridge Mode	69
7.2.5 The PVCs Summary Screen	70
7.3 WAN Technical Reference	70
7.3.1 Encapsulation	70
7.3.2 Multiplexing	71
7.3.3 VPI and VCI	72
7.3.4 IP Address Assignment	72
7.3.5 Always-On Connection (PPP)	72
7.3.6 ATM QoS	73
7.3.7 ATM Traffic Classes	74
LAN Setup	75
8.1 Overview	75
8.1.1 What You Can Do in the LAN Screens	75
8.1.2 What You Need To Know About LAN	75
8.2 The LAN Screen	77
8.2.1 The DHCP IP Pool Summary Screen	79
8.3 LAN Technical Reference	79
8.3.1 LANs, WANs and the ZyXEL Device	80
8.3.2 DHCP Setup	80
8.3.3 DNS Server Addresses	80
8.3.4 LAN TCP/IP	81
8.3.5 RIP Setup	82
8.3.6 Multicast	83
Static Route	85
9.1 Overview	85
9.1.1 What You Can Do in the Static Route Screens	85
9.2 The Routing Table List Screen	86
9.2.1 The Static Route Screen	87
Network Address Translation (NAT)	89
10.1 Overview	89
10.1.1 What You Can Do in the NAT Screens	89
10.1.2 What You Need To Know About NAT	89
10.2 The NAT Screen	91
10.3 The DMZ Screen	91
10.4 The Virtual Server Screen	92
10.4.1 Configuring Servers Behind Port Forwarding (Example)	93
10.4.2 Configuring the Virtual Server Screen	94
10.5 The IP Address Mapping Screen	95
10.6 NAT Technical Reference	97
10.6.1 NAT Definitions	98
10.6.2 What NAT Does	98
10.6.3 How NAT Works	99
Quality of Service (QoS)	101
11.1 Overview	101
11.1.1 What You Can Do in the QoS Screens	102
11.1.2 What You Need to Know About QoS	102
11.2 The QoS Screen	103
11.2.1 The QoS Settings Summary Screen	105
11.3 QoS Technical Reference	106
11.3.1 IEEE 802.1p	106
11.3.2 IP Precedence	107
11.3.3 Automatic Priority Queue Assignment	107
ADSL	109
12.1 Overview	109
12.2 The ADSL Screen	109
Firewall	111
13.1 Overview	111
13.1.1 What You Can Do in the Firewall Screens	111
13.1.2 What You Need to Know About Firewall	111
13.2 The Firewall Screen	112
Access Control	115
14.1 Access Control Overview	115
14.1.1 The Access Control Setup Screen	115
14.1.2 Access Control Interfaces	115
14.1.3 System Timeout	116
14.1.4 Configuring the Access Control Setup Screen	116
Filters	119
15.1 Overview	119
15.1.1 What You Can Do in the Filter Screens	119
15.1.2 What You Need to Know About Filtering	119
15.2 The IP/MAC Filter Screen	120
15.3 The Application Filter Screen	122
15.4 The URL Filter Screen	123
SNMP	125
16.1 Overview	125
16.1.1 Supported MIBs	126
16.2 The SNMP Screen	126
Universal Plug-and-Play (UPnP)	127
17.1 Overview	127
17.1.1 What You Can Do in the UPnP Screen	127
17.1.2 What You Need to Know About UPnP	127
17.2 The UPnP Screen	128
17.3 Installing UPnP in Windows Example	130
17.4 Using UPnP in Windows XP Example	133
Dynamic DNS Setup	141
18.1 Overview	141
18.1.1 What You Can Do in the DDNS Screen	141
18.1.2 What You Need To Know About DDNS	141
18.2 The Dynamic DNS Screen	142
CWMP	143
19.1 Overview	143
19.2 The CWMP Setup Screen	144
Administrator Settings	147
20.1 Overview	147
20.2 The Administrator Screen	147
Time Zone	149
21.1 Overview	149
21.2 The Time Zone Screen	149
Firmware	151
22.1 Overview	151
22.1.1 What You Need To Know About Firmware	151
22.1.2 Before You Begin	152
22.1.3 Firmware and Configuration Files Examples	153
22.2 The Firmware Screen	157
System Restart	159
23.1 Overview	159
23.2 The System Restart Screen	159
Diagnostic	161
24.1 Overview	161
24.2 The Diagnostic Screen	161
Troubleshooting	163
25.1 Power, Hardware Connections, and LEDs	163
25.2 P-660RU-Tx Access and Login	164
25.3 Internet Access	166
Product Specifications	169
26.1 Hardware Specifications	169
26.2 Firmware Specifications	169
26.3 Power Adaptor Specifications	173
Setting up Your Computer’s IP Address	175
Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions	199
IP Addresses and Subnetting	209
Services	219
Legal Information	223
Customer Support	225