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SIP-NAT Interoperation, communications with the SIP entities outside the private network. - short name

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Chapter 1 Introducing Linksys 900 Series IP Phones Technology Background Step 2 Step 3 2. On the administration web server, System tab, set to the IP address and port number of your syslog server. Note that this address and port number has to be reachable from the SPA900 Series IP phone. 3. Set to 3, but do not change the value of the parameter. 4. To capture SIP signaling messages, under the Line tab, set to Full. The output is named syslog.514.log. To determine the type of NAT your router is using set to yes. View the syslog messages to determine if your network uses symmetric NAT. SIP-NAT Interoperation In the case of SIP, the addresses where messages/data should be sent to a 900 Series phone system are embedded in the SIP messages sent by the device. If the 900 Series phone system is sitting behind a NAT device, the private IP address assigned to it is not usable for communications with the SIP entities outside the private network. Note If the ITSP offers an outbound NAT-Aware proxy, this discovers the public IP address from the remote endpoint and eliminates the need to modify the SIP message from the UAC. The 900 Series phone system must substitute the private IP address information with the proper external IP address/port in the mapping chosen by the underlying NAT to communicate with a particular public peer address/port. For this, the 900 Series phone system must perform the following tasks: • Discover the NAT mappings used to communicate with the peer. This can be done with the help of an external device, such as a STUN server. A STUN server responds to a special NAT-Mapping-Discovery request by sending back a message to the source IP address/port of the request, where the message contains the source IP address/port of the original request. The 900 Series phone system can send this request when it first attempts to communicate with a SIP entity over the Internet. It then stores the mapping discovery results returned by the server. • Communicate the NAT mapping information to the external SIP entities. If the entity is a SIP Registrar, the information should be carried in the Contact header that overwrites the private address/port information. If the entity is another SIP UA when establishing a call, the information should be carried in the Contact header as well as in the SDP embedded in SIP message bodies. The VIA header in outbound SIP requests might also need to be substituted with the public address if the UAS relies on it to route back responses. • Extend the discovered NAT mappings by sending keep-alive packets. Because the mapping is alive only for a short period, the 900 Series phone system continues to send periodic keep-alive packets through the mapping to extend its validity as necessary. Document Version 3.0 Linksys 900 Series IP Phone Administrator Guide 1-13

Section	Page
Linksys 900 Series IP Phone Administrator Guide	1
Contents	3
Preface	11
Document Audience	11
Linksys 900 Series IP Telephones	11
How This Document is Organized	12
Document Conventions	12
Related Documentation	13
Technical Support	13
1	15
Introducing Linksys 900 Series IP Phones	15
Overview	15
SPA900 Series Features	16
SPA901 Features	17
SPA92x, SPA94x, and SPA962 Features	18
Ensuring Voice Quality	18
Feature Descriptions	20
SIP Proxy Redundancy	20
Supported Codecs	20
Other Features	22
Technology Background	24
Session Initiation Protocol	24
Using 900 Series Phones with a Firewall or Router	24
Network Address Translation	25
NAT Overview	25
NAT Types	26
Simple Traversal of UDP Through NAT	26
SIP-NAT Interoperation	27
Where to Go From Here	28
2	29
Getting Started	29
Linksys 900 Series IP Phones	29
Caring for Your Hardware	30
SPA901	30
Front Panel and Side of Phone	31
Back Panel	31
SPA92x, SPA94x, and SPA962 Hardware Features	31
SPA921	32
Front Panel	32
Back Panel	33
SPA922	33
SPA941	33
Front Panel	34
Back Panel	34
SPA942	35
SPA962	35
Front Panel	36
Back Panel	36
Establishing Connectivity	37
Bandwidth Requirements	37
Installing the SPA900 Series IP Phone	38
Assembling the Phone and Connecting to the Network	38
Attaching the Desk Stand	38
Mounting the Phone to the Wall	39
Turning on the Phone	39
Using the Administration Web Server	39
Connecting to the Administration Web Server	40
Administrator Account Privileges	40
Web Interface URLs	41
Upgrade URL	41
Resync URL	42
Reboot URL	42
Provisioning	42
Provisioning Capabilities	43
Configuration Profile	43
Using the Interactive Voice Response Interface	44
Using the IVR Menu	44
IVR Options	45
Entering a Password through the IVR	47
3	49
Managing Linksys 900 Series IP Phones	49
Using the LCD Display	49
LCD Display Controls	50
Using Soft Keys	51
Entering and Saving Settings	53
Localization	54
Changing the Display Background (SPA962)	56
Call Appearances and Extensions	57
Line Key LEDs	58
Using Call Features	59
Selecting the Audio I/O Device and Line	60
Making Calls	60
Answering and Ending Calls	61
Hold and Resume	61
Call Waiting	61
Speed Dialing	62
Three-Way Conferencing	62
Attended Call Transfer	63
Blind Call Transfer	63
Call Back	64
Message Waiting Indication (MWI)	64
Accessing Voicemail	64
Muting Calls	64
Shared Call Appearances	65
Personal Directory	65
Caller and Called Name Matching	65
Dialing Assistance	66
Supplementary Services	66
Call Logs	66
Audio Volume Adjustment	68
Managing Ring Tones	68
Configuring a Dial Plan	70
Dial Plan Digit Sequences	70
Dial Plan Rules	71
Digit Sequence Syntax	71
Element Repetition	71
Sub-sequence Substitution	72
Intersequence Tones	72
Number Barring	72
Interdigit Timer Master Override	72
Local Timer Overrides	72
Pause	72
Implicit Sequences	73
Dial Plan Examples	73
Dial Plan Timers	74
Interdigit Long Timer	74
Interdigit Short Timer	74
Dial Plans	74
System Administration	75
Reboot and Restart	75
Factory Reset	75
Password Protection	75
Managing the Time/Date	75
Daylight Saving Time	76
Using Star Codes to Activate/Deactivate Services	77
Disabling Services	78
Error and Log Reporting	79
Troubleshooting FAQ	80
4	83
LCD Command Reference Guide	83
1 Directory	84
Entering Names and Numbers into the Directory	84
Entering Directory Names, Numbers and Ring Default	84
2 Speed Dial	85
3 Call History	85
Redial List	85
Answered Calls	86
Missed Calls	86
4 Ring Tone	86
5 Preferences	86
5.1 Block Caller ID	87
5.2 Block Anonymous Call	87
5.3 Do Not Disturb	87
5.4 Secure Call	87
5.5 Dial Assistance	88
5.6 Preferred Audio Device	88
6 Call Forward	88
6.1 CFWD All Number	88
6.2 CFWD Busy Number	88
6.3 CFWD No Ans Number	89
6.4 CFWD No Ans Delay	89
7 Time/Date	89
8 Voice Mail	89
9 Network	90
9.1 DCHP	90
9.2 Current IP Address	90
9.3 Host Name	91
9.4 Domain	91
9.5 Current NetMask	91
9.6 Current Gateway	91
9.7 Enable Web Server	91
9.8 Non DHCP IP Address	92
9.9 Non DHCP Subnet Mask	92
9.10 Non DHCP Default Route	92
9.11 Non DHCP DNS 1	92
9.12 Non DHCP DNS 2	92
9.13 Non DHCP NTP Server 1	92
9.14 Non DHCP NTP Server 2	93
10 Product Info	93
10.1 Product Name	93
10.2 Serial Number	93
10.3 Software Version	93
10.4 Hardware Version	94
10.5 MAC Address	94
10.6 Client Cert	94
11 Status	94
Phone	94
Ext 1/2/3/4	95
Line 1, 2,3,4	95
12 Reboot	95
13 Restart	95
14 Factory Reset	95
15 Set Password	96
16 Set LCD Contrast	96
17 CallPark Status	96
18 Language (SPA922, 942, and 962)	96
5	99
SPA900 Series Phone Field Reference	99
Info Tab	99
System Information	100
Product Information	100
Phone Status	101
Ext 1/2/3/4/5/6 Status	101
Line 1/2/3/4/5/6 Status	102
Downloaded Ring Tone	103
System Tab	104
System Configuration	104
Internet Connection Type	104
Static IP Settings	105
PPPoE Settings	105
Optional Network Configuration	105
VLAN Settings	106
SIP Tab	107
SIP Parameters	107
SIP Timer Values (sec)	109
Response Status Code Handling	110
RTP Parameters	111
SDP Payload Types	113
NAT Support Parameters	115
Linksys Key System Parameters	116
Regional Tab	117
Call Progress Tones	117
Distinctive Ring Patterns	119
Control Timer Values (sec)	120
Vertical Service Activation Codes	120
Outbound Call Codec Selection Codes	125
Miscellaneous	127
Phone Tab	131
General	131
Line Key 1/2/3/4/5/6	131
Miscellaneous Line Key Settings	132
Line Key LED Pattern	132
Supplementary Services	133
Ring Tone	134
Auto Input Gain (dB)	135
Background Picture (SPA 962)	135
Ext 1/2/3/4/5/6 Tab	136
General	136
Share Line Appearance	136
NAT Settings	137
Network Settings	137
SIP Settings	138
Call Feature Settings	140
Proxy and Registration	141
Subscriber Information	142
Audio Configuration	143
Dial Plan	145
User Tab	147
Call Forward	147
Speed Dial	148
Supplementary Services	148
Audio Volume	149
Phone GUI Menu Color Settings (SPA962)	149
A	151
Acronyms	151
B	155
Glossary	155

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1-13

Linksys 900 Series IP Phone Administrator Guide

Document Version 3.0

Chapter 1

Introducing Linksys 900 Series IP Phones

Technology Background

On the administration web server, System tab, set <Debug Server> to the IP address and port number

of your syslog server.

Note that this address and port number has to be reachable from the SPA900 Series IP phone.

Set <Debug level> to

but do not change the value of the <syslog server> parameter.

To capture SIP signaling messages, under the Line tab, set <SIP Debug Option> to

Full

. The output

is named syslog.514.log.

Step 2

To determine the type of NAT your router is using set <STUN Test Enable> to

yes

Step 3

View the syslog messages to determine if your network uses symmetric NAT.

SIP-NAT Interoperation

In the case of SIP, the addresses where messages/data should be sent to a

900 Series phone

system are embedded in the SIP messages sent by the device. If the 900 Series phone system

is sitting behind a NAT device, the private IP address assigned to it is not usable for

communications with the SIP entities outside the private network.

Note

If the ITSP offers an outbound NAT-Aware proxy, this discovers the public IP address from the remote

endpoint and eliminates the need to modify the SIP message from the UAC.

The

900 Series phone

system must substitute the private IP address information with the proper

external IP address/port in the mapping chosen by the underlying NAT to communicate with a

particular public peer address/port. For this, the

900 Series phone

system must perform the

following tasks:

•

Discover the NAT mappings used to communicate with the peer.

This can be done with the help of an external device, such as a STUN server. A STUN server

responds to a special NAT-Mapping-Discovery request by sending back a message to the source IP

address/port of the request, where the message contains the source IP address/port of the original

request. The

900 Series phone

system can send this request when it first attempts to communicate

with a SIP entity over the Internet. It then stores the mapping discovery results returned by the

server.

•

Communicate the NAT mapping information to the external SIP entities.

If the entity is a SIP Registrar, the information should be carried in the Contact header that

overwrites the private address/port information. If the entity is another SIP UA when establishing a

call, the information should be carried in the Contact header as well as in the SDP embedded in SIP

message bodies.

The VIA header in outbound SIP requests might also need to be substituted with

the public address if the UAS relies on it to route back responses.

•

Extend the discovered NAT mappings by sending keep-alive packets.

Because the mapping is alive only for a short period, the

900 Series phone

system continues to send

periodic keep-alive packets through the mapping to extend its validity as necessary.