ZyXEL P-792H v2 User Guide - Page 175

Chapter 12 VPN Transport mode ESP with authentication is not compatible with NAT. Table 49 VPN and NAT SECURITY PROTOCOL MODE AH Transport AH Tunnel ESP Transport ESP Tunnel NAT N N N Y 12.9.3 VPN, NAT, and NAT Traversal NAT is incompatible with the AH protocol in both transport and tunnel mode. An IPSec VPN using the AH protocol digitally signs the outbound packet, both data payload and headers, with a hash value appended to the packet, but a NAT device between the IPSec endpoints rewrites the source or destination address. As a result, the VPN device at the receiving end finds a mismatch between the hash value and the data and assumes that the data has been maliciously altered. NAT is not normally compatible with ESP in transport mode either, but the P-792H v2's NAT Traversal feature provides a way to handle this. NAT traversal allows you to set up an IKE SA when there are NAT routers between the two IPSec routers. Figure 79 NAT Router Between IPSec Routers Internet A B Normally you cannot set up an IKE SA with a NAT router between the two IPSec routers because the NAT router changes the header of the IPSec packet. NAT traversal solves the problem by adding a UDP port 500 header to the IPSec packet. The NAT router forwards the IPSec packet with the UDP port 500 header unchanged. In Figure 79 on page 175, when IPSec router A tries to establish an IKE SA, IPSec router B checks the UDP port 500 header, and IPSec routers A and B build the IKE SA. For NAT traversal to work, you must: • Use ESP security protocol (in either transport or tunnel mode). • Use IKE keying mode. • Enable NAT traversal on both IPSec endpoints. • Set the NAT router to forward UDP port 500 to IPSec router A. P-792H v2 User's Guide 175