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e and WMM Standards Support, QoS Queues and Parameters to Coordinate Traffic Flow

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D-Link Unified Access Point Administrator's Guide 802.11e and WMM Standards Support QoS describes a range of technologies for controlling data streams on shared network connections. The IEEE 802.11e task group is in the process of defining a QoS standard for transmission quality and availability of service on wireless networks. QoS is designed to provide better network service by minimizing network congestion; limiting Jitter, Latency, and Packet Loss; supporting dedicated bandwidth for time-sensitive or mission critical applications, and prioritizing wireless traffic for channel access. As with all IEEE 802.11 working group standards, the goal is to provide a standard way of implementing QoS features so that components from different companies are interoperable. The Unified Access Point provides QoS based on the Wireless Multimedia (WMM) specification, which implements a subset of 802.11e features. Both access points and wireless clients (laptops, consumer electronics products) can be WMM-enabled by the Wi-Fi Alliance. QoS Queues and Parameters to Coordinate Traffic Flow Configuring QoS options on the Unified Access Point consists of setting parameters on existing queues for different types of wireless traffic. You can configure different minimum and maximum wait times for the transmission of packets in each queue based on the requirements of the media being sent. Queues automatically provide minimum transmission delay for Voice, Video, multimedia, and mission critical applications, and rely on best-effort parameters for traditional IP data. For example, time-sensitive Voice, Video, and multimedia are given effectively higher priority for transmission (lower wait times for channel access), while other applications and traditional IP data which are less time-sensitive but often more data-intensive are expected to tolerate longer wait times. The Unified Access Point implements QoS based on the IEEE Wireless Multimedia (WMM) standard. A Linux-based queuing class is used to tag packets and establish multiple queues. The queues provided offer built-in prioritization and routing based on the type of data being transmitted. The Administration UI provides a way for you to configure parameters on the queues. QoS Queues and Diff-Serve Code Points (DSCP) on Packets QoS on the Unified Access Point leverages WMM information in the IP packet header related to Diff-Serv Code Point (DSCP). Every IP packet sent over the network includes a DSCP field in the header that indicates how the data should be prioritized and transmitted over the network. The DSCP field consists of a 6 bit value defined by the local administration. For WMM, the Wi-Fi Alliance suggests a particular mapping for DSCP values The access point examines the DSCP field in the headers of all packets that pass through the AP. Based on the value in a packet's DSCP field, the AP prioritizes the packet for transmission by assigning it to one of the queues. This process occurs automatically, regardless of whether you deliberately configure QoS or not. 70 © 2001-2008 D-Link Corporation. All Rights Reserved.

Section	Page
Unified Access Point (AP) Administrator’s Guide	1
Table of Contents	3
List of Figures	7
List of Tables	9
About This Document	11
Document Organization	11
Audience	11
Document Conventions	11
Online Help, Supported Browsers, and Limitations	12
Overview of the D-Link Access Point	15
Features and Benefits	16
IEEE Standards Support	16
Wireless Features	16
Security Features	17
Networking	17
Maintainability	17
Access Point Hardware	18
Preparing to Install the Access Point	19
Default Settings for the Unified Access Points	19
Administrator’s Computer Requirements	21
Wireless Client Requirements	22
Dynamic and Static IP Addressing on the AP	23
Recovering an IP Address	23
Discovering a Dynamically Assigned IP Address	23
Using the Reset Button	23
Installing the Access Point	25
Installing the Unified Access Point	25
Viewing Basic Settings	29
Using the CLI to View the IP Address	30
Configuring the Ethernet Interface	31
Using the Web UI to configure Ethernet Settings	31
Using the CLI to Configure Ethernet Settings	33
Configuring IEEE 802.1X Authentication	34
Using the Web UI to Configure 802.1X Authentication Information	35
Using the CLI to Configure 802.1X Authentication Information	36
Verifying the Installation	36
Configuring Access Point Security	39
Understanding Security on Wireless Networks	39
Choosing a Security Mode	39
Comparing Security Modes	40
When to Use Unencrypted (No Security)	40
When to Use Static WEP	40
When to Use IEEE 802.1X	41
When to Use WPA Personal	42
When to Use WPA Enterprise	42
Enabling Station Isolation	43
Configuring Virtual Access Point Security	43
None (Plain-text)	45
Static WEP	45
Static WEP Rules	48
Example of Using Static WEP	48
IEEE 802.1X	49
WPA Personal	50
WPA Enterprise	52
Prohibiting the SSID Broadcast	53
Managing the Access Point	55
Setting the Wireless Interface	55
Using the 802.11h Wireless Mode	57
Configuring Radio Settings	58
Configuring Virtual Access Points	62
Controlling Access by MAC Authentication	66
Configuring a MAC Filter List on the AP	66
Configuring MAC Authentication on the RADIUS Server	67
Configuring Load Balancing	68
Configuring Access Point Services	69
Configuring Quality of Service (QoS)	69
Understanding QoS	69
QoS and Load Balancing	69
802.11e and WMM Standards Support	70
QoS Queues and Parameters to Coordinate Traffic Flow	70
QoS Queues and Diff-Serve Code Points (DSCP) on Packets	70
EDCF Control of Data Frames and Arbitration Interframe Spaces	71
Random Backoff and Minimum / Maximum Contention Windows	72
Packet Bursting for Better Performance	73
Transmission Opportunity (TXOP) Interval for Client Stations	73
802.1p and DSCP tags	73
Configuring QoS Settings	75
Enabling the Network Time Protocol Server	79
Enabling or Disabling a Network Time Protocol (NTP) Server	80
Maintaining the Access Point	81
Managing the Configuration File	81
Resetting the Factory Default Configuration	82
Saving the Current Configuration to a Backup File	83
Restoring the Configuration from a Previously Saved File	83
Rebooting the Access Point	85
Upgrading the Firmware	85
Configuring the Access Point for Managed Mode	87
Transitioning Between Modes	87
Configuring Managed Access Point Settings	88
Viewing Managed AP DHCP Information	89
Viewing Access Point Status	91
Viewing Interface Status	91
Ethernet (Wired) Settings	92
Wireless Settings	92
Viewing Events Logs	92
Configuring Persistent Logging Options	93
Configuring the Log Relay Host for Kernel Messages	94
Example of Using Linux syslogd	94
Enabling or Disabling the Log Relay Host on the Events Page	95
Viewing Transmit and Receive Statistics	95
Viewing Client Association Information	97
Link Integrity Monitoring	98
Viewing Neighboring Access Points	98
Wireless Client Settings and RADIUS Server Setup	101
Accessing Wireless Client Security Settings	102
Configuring a Client to Access an Unsecure Network	104
Configuring Static WEP Security on a Client	104
Configuring WPA/WPA2 Personal on a Client	106
Using an External Authentication Server	108
Configuring IEEE 802.1X Security on a Client	108
IEEE 802.1X Client Using EAP/TLS Certificate	108
Configuring WPA/WPA2 Enterprise (RADIUS)	111
WPA/WPA2 Enterprise (RADIUS) Client Using EAP/PEAP	111
WPA/WPA2 Enterprise (RADIUS) Client Using EAP-TLS Certificate	113
Configuring the RADIUS Server for Authentication	116
Obtaining a TLS-EAP Certificate for a Client	119
Configuring the RADIUS Server for VLAN Tags	122
CLI for AP Configuration	125
How to Access the Access Point CLI	125
Telnet Connection to the AP	125
SSH Connection to the AP	126
Commands and Syntax	127
Using the get Command	128
Using the set Command	128
Using the add Command	129
Using the remove Command	129
Additional CLI Commands	130
Getting Help on Commands at the CLI	130
Tab Completion	130
Keyboard Shortcuts	131
Interface Naming Conventions	132
Saving Configuration Changes	133
Access Point CLI Commands	134
Configuring Basic Settings	134
Status	135
Ethernet Settings	136
Wireless Interface	137
Radio Settings	138
Virtual Access Points	139
Set Security to Static WEP	140
Set Security to IEEE 802.1X	142
Set Security to WPA/WPA2 Personal (PSK)	143
Set Security to WPA/WPA2 Enterprise (RADIUS)	144
Managed Access Point	146
IEEE 802.1X Supplicant Authentication	147
Quality of Service	147
Time	149
System Management	150
CLI Classes and Properties Reference	150

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D-Link Unified Access Point Administrator’s Guide

802.11e and WMM Standards Support

QoS

describes a range of technologies for controlling data streams on shared network

connections. The

IEEE 802.11e

task group is in the process of defining a QoS standard for

transmission quality and availability of service on wireless networks. QoS is designed to

provide better network service by minimizing network congestion; limiting

Jitter

Latency

and

Packet Loss

; supporting dedicated bandwidth for time-sensitive or mission critical

applications, and prioritizing wireless traffic for channel access.

As with all IEEE

802.11

working group standards, the goal is to provide a standard way of

implementing QoS features so that components from different companies are interoperable.

The Unified Access Point provides QoS based on the

Wireless Multimedia

(

WMM

)

specification, which implements a subset of

802.11e

features.

Both access points and wireless clients (laptops, consumer electronics products) can be

WMM-enabled by the Wi-Fi Alliance.

QoS Queues and Parameters to Coordinate Traffic Flow

Configuring QoS options on the Unified Access Point consists of setting parameters on

existing queues for different types of wireless traffic. You can configure different minimum

and maximum wait times for the transmission of packets in each queue based on the

requirements of the media being sent. Queues automatically provide minimum transmission

delay for Voice, Video, multimedia, and mission critical applications, and rely on best-effort

parameters for traditional IP data.

For example, time-sensitive Voice, Video, and multimedia are given effectively higher priority

for transmission (lower wait times for channel access), while other applications and traditional

IP data which are less time-sensitive but often more data-intensive are expected to tolerate

longer wait times.

The Unified Access Point implements QoS based on the IEEE Wireless Multimedia (WMM)

standard. A Linux-based queuing class is used to tag packets and establish multiple queues.

The queues provided offer built-in prioritization and routing based on the type of data being

transmitted.

The Administration UI provides a way for you to configure parameters on the queues.

QoS Queues and Diff-Serve Code Points (DSCP) on Packets

QoS on the Unified Access Point leverages

WMM

information in the IP packet header related

to Diff-Serv Code Point (DSCP). Every IP packet sent over the network includes a DSCP field

in the header that indicates how the data should be prioritized and transmitted over the

network. The DSCP field consists of a 6 bit value defined by the local administration. For

WMM, the Wi-Fi Alliance suggests a particular mapping for DSCP values

The access point examines the DSCP field in the headers of all packets that pass through the

AP. Based on the value in a packet’s DSCP field, the AP prioritizes the packet for transmission

by assigning it to one of the queues. This process occurs automatically, regardless of whether

you deliberately configure QoS or not.