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Multicast Listener Discovery, MLD Messages

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Appendix D IPv6 determine whether the destination address is on-link and can be reached directly without passing through a router. If the address is onlink, the address is considered as the next hop. Otherwise, the NWA determines the next-hop from the default router list or routing table. Once the next hop IP address is known, the NWA looks into the neighbor cache to get the link-layer address and sends the packet when the neighbor is reachable. If the NWA cannot find an entry in the neighbor cache or the state for the neighbor is not reachable, it starts the address resolution process. This helps reduce the number of IPv6 solicitation and advertisement messages. Multicast Listener Discovery The Multicast Listener Discovery (MLD) protocol (defined in RFC 2710) is derived from IPv4's Internet Group Management Protocol version 2 (IGMPv2). MLD uses ICMPv6 message types, rather than IGMP message types. MLDv1 is equivalent to IGMPv2 and MLDv2 is equivalent to IGMPv3. MLD allows an IPv6 switch or router to discover the presence of MLD listeners who wish to receive multicast packets and the IP addresses of multicast groups the hosts want to join on its network. MLD snooping and MLD proxy are analogous to IGMP snooping and IGMP proxy in IPv4. MLD filtering controls which multicast groups a port can join. MLD Messages A multicast router or switch periodically sends general queries to MLD hosts to update the multicast forwarding table. When an MLD host wants to join a multicast group, it sends an MLD Report message for that address. An MLD Done message is equivalent to an IGMP Leave message. When an MLD host wants to leave a multicast group, it can send a Done message to the router or switch. The router or switch then sends a group-specific query to the port on which the Done message is received to determine if other devices connected to this port should remain in the group. 182 NWA1120 Series User's Guide

Section	Page
NWA1120 Series	1
Contents Overview	3
Table of Contents	5
User’s Guide	9
Introducing the NWA	11
1.1 Introducing the NWA	11
1.1.1 Dual-Band	12
1.2 Wireless Modes	12
1.2.1 MBSSID	12
1.2.2 Wireless Client	13
1.2.3 Root AP	15
1.2.4 Repeater	15
1.3 Ways to Manage the NWA	16
1.4 Configuring Your NWA’s Security Features	17
1.4.1 Control Access to Your Device	17
1.4.2 Wireless Security	17
1.5 Good Habits for Managing the NWA	17
1.6 Hardware Connections	18
1.7 LED	18
Introducing the Web Configurator	19
2.1 Accessing the Web Configurator	19
2.2 Resetting the NWA	20
2.2.1 Methods of Restoring Factory-Defaults	21
2.3 Navigating the Web Configurator	22
2.3.1 Title Bar	22
2.3.2 Navigation Panel	23
2.3.3 Main Window	24
Dashboard	25
3.1 The Dashboard Screen	25
Tutorial	29
4.1 How to Configure the Wireless LAN	29
4.1.1 Choosing the Wireless Mode	29
4.1.2 Further Reading	29
4.2 How to Configure Multiple Wireless Networks	29
4.2.1 Configure the SSID Profiles	31
4.2.2 Configure the Standard Network	33
4.2.3 Configure the VoIP Network	34
4.2.4 Configure the Guest Network	36
4.2.5 Testing the Wireless Networks	38
4.3 NWA Setup in AP and Wireless Client Modes	38
4.3.1 Scenario	38
4.3.2 Configuring the NWA in MBSSID or Root AP Mode	39
4.3.3 Configuring the NWA in Wireless Client Mode	42
4.3.4 MAC Filter Setup	44
4.3.5 Testing the Connection and Troubleshooting	45
Technical Reference	47
Monitor	49
5.1 Overview	49
5.2 What You Can Do	49
5.3 View Logs	49
5.4 Statistics	50
5.5 Association List	51
5.6 Channel Usage	52
Wireless LAN	55
6.1 Overview	55
6.2 What You Can Do in this Chapter	55
6.3 What You Need To Know	56
6.4 Wireless Settings Screen	60
6.4.1 Root AP Mode	61
6.4.2 Repeater Mode	65
6.4.3 Wireless Client Mode	68
6.4.4 MBSSID Mode	71
6.5 SSID Screen	74
6.5.1 Configuring SSID	75
6.6 Wireless Security Screen	76
6.6.1 Security: WEP	78
6.6.2 Security: WPA, WPA2, WPA2-MIX	79
6.6.3 Security: WPA-PSK, WPA2-PSK, WPA2-PSK-MIX	81
6.7 RADIUS Screen	82
6.8 Layer-2 Isolation	84
6.8.1 Layer-2 Isolation Screen	85
6.9 MAC Filter Screen	86
6.10 Technical Reference	88
6.10.1 Additional Wireless Terms	89
6.10.2 WMM QoS	89
6.10.3 Security Mode Guideline	90
LAN	91
7.1 Overview	91
7.2 What You Can Do in this Chapter	91
7.3 What You Need to Know	91
7.4 LAN IP Screen	93
VLAN	95
8.1 Overview	95
8.1.1 What You Can Do in This Chapter	95
8.2 What You Need to Know	95
8.3 VLAN Screen	96
System	97
9.1 Overview	97
9.2 What You Can Do in this Chapter	97
9.3 What You Need To Know	98
9.4 WWW Screen	100
9.5 Certificates Screen	101
9.6 Telnet Screen	102
9.7 SNMP Screen	104
9.8 FTP Screen	106
9.9 Technical Reference	107
9.9.1 MIB	107
9.9.2 Supported MIBs	108
9.9.3 Private-Public Certificates	108
9.9.4 Certification Authorities	108
9.9.5 Checking the Fingerprint of a Certificate on Your Computer	109
Log Settings	111
10.1 Overview	111
10.2 What You Can Do in this Chapter	111
10.3 What You Need To Know	112
10.4 Log Settings Screen	112
Maintenance	115
11.1 Overview	115
11.2 What You Can Do in this Chapter	115
11.3 What You Need To Know	116
11.4 General Screen	116
11.5 Password Screen	117
11.6 Time Screen	118
11.7 Firmware Upgrade Screen	119
11.8 Configuration File Screen	120
11.8.1 Backup Configuration	120
11.8.2 Restore Configuration	120
11.8.3 Back to Factory Defaults	121
11.9 Restart Screen	121
Troubleshooting	123
12.1 Power, Hardware Connections, and LEDs	123
12.2 NWA Access and Login	124
12.3 Internet Access	125
12.4 Wireless LAN	126
Setting Up Your Computer’s IP Address	129
Pop-up Windows, JavaScript and Java Permissions	157
IP Addresses and Subnetting	169
IPv6	177
Wireless LANs	187
Legal Information	201

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Appendix D IPv6

NWA1120 Series User’s Guide

182

determine whether the destination address is on-link and can be reached directly without passing

through a router. If the address is onlink, the address is considered as the next hop. Otherwise, the

NWA determines the next-hop from the default router list or routing table. Once the next hop IP

address is known, the NWA looks into the neighbor cache to get the link-layer address and sends

the packet when the neighbor is reachable. If the NWA cannot find an entry in the neighbor cache

or the state for the neighbor is not reachable, it starts the address resolution process. This helps

reduce the number of IPv6 solicitation and advertisement messages.

Multicast Listener Discovery

The Multicast Listener Discovery (MLD) protocol (defined in RFC 2710) is derived from IPv4's

Internet Group Management Protocol version 2 (IGMPv2). MLD uses ICMPv6 message types, rather

than IGMP message types. MLDv1 is equivalent to IGMPv2 and MLDv2 is equivalent to IGMPv3.

MLD allows an IPv6 switch or router to discover the presence of MLD listeners who wish to receive

multicast packets and the IP addresses of multicast groups the hosts want to join on its network.

MLD snooping and MLD proxy are analogous to IGMP snooping and IGMP proxy in IPv4.

MLD filtering controls which multicast groups a port can join.

MLD Messages

A multicast router or switch periodically sends general queries to MLD hosts to update the multicast

forwarding table. When an MLD host wants to join a multicast group, it sends an MLD Report

message for that address.

An MLD Done message is equivalent to an IGMP Leave message. When an MLD host wants to leave

a multicast group, it can send a Done message to the router or switch. The router or switch then

sends a group-specific query to the port on which the Done message is received to determine if

other devices connected to this port should remain in the group.