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NAT and SIP

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Figure 22 Symmetric NAT P-2002 Series User's Guide 5.4 NAT and SIP Some NAT routers are not SIP-friendly and will stop your voice sessions. The Prestige must register its public IP address with a SIP register server. If there is a NAT router between the Prestige and the SIP register server, the Prestige probably has a private IP address. The Prestige lists its IP address in the SIP message that it sends to the SIP register server. NAT does not translate this IP address in the SIP message. The SIP register server gets the Prestige's IP address from inside the SIP message and maps it to your SIP identity. If the Prestige has a private IP address listed in the SIP message, the SIP server cannot map it to your SIP identity. A SIP ALG (Application Layer Gateway), the fake WAN address on SIP and RTP, STUN, or outbound proxy features allow the Prestige to use its public IP address in the SIP messages. 5.4.1 SIP ALG Some NAT routers may include a SIP Application Layer Gateway (ALG). A SIP ALG allows SIP calls to pass through NAT by examining and translating IP addresses embedded in the data stream. When the Prestige registers with the SIP register server, the SIP ALG translates the Prestige's private IP address inside the SIP data stream to a public IP address. You do not need to use STUN or an outbound proxy if your Prestige is behind a SIP ALG. 5.4.2 Use NAT Address on SIP and RTP If you know the NAT router's public IP address and SIP port number, you can use the Use NAT feature to manually configure the Prestige to use a them in the SIP messages. This eliminates the need for STUN or a SIP ALG. You must also configure the NAT router to forward traffic with the SIP port number to the Prestige. Chapter 5 Introduction to VoIP 53

Section	Page
P-2002 Series	1
Copyright	3
Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Interference Statement	4
Safety Warnings	6
ZyXEL Limited Warranty	7
Customer Support	8
Table of Contents	11
List of Figures	17
List of Tables	19
Preface	21
Introducing the Prestige	23
1.1 Prestige VoIP Analog Telephone Adaptor Overview	23
1.2 Prestige 2002L VoIP Analog Telephone Adaptor with Lifeline	23
1.3 Features	23
1.4 LEDs	25
1.5 Applications	26
1.5.1 Make Calls via Internet Telephony Service Provider	26
1.5.2 Make Calls via IP-PBX	27
1.5.3 Make Peer-to-peer Calls	27
Introducing the Web Configurator	29
2.1 Web Configurator Overview	29
2.2 Accessing the Prestige Web Configurator	29
2.3 Resetting the Prestige	31
2.3.1 Procedure To Use The Reset Button	31
2.4 Navigating the Prestige Web Configurator	31
2.5 Common Screen Command Buttons	33
System Screens	35
3.1 System Overview	35
3.2 General Setup	35
3.2.1 Domain Name	35
3.3 General Setup Configuration	35
3.4 Configuring Password	36
3.5 Pre-defined NTP Time Servers List	37
3.6 Configuring Time Setting	37
Ethernet Screens	41
4.1 ETHERNET Overview	41
4.1.1 IP Address and Subnet Mask	41
4.1.2 DNS Server Address Assignment	41
4.1.3 PPPoE Encapsulation	42
4.2 Configuring Ethernet	42
4.3 Configuring the Ethernet Management Port	44
Introduction to VoIP	45
5.1 Introduction to VoIP	45
5.2 Introduction to SIP	45
5.2.1 SIP Identities	45
5.2.1.1 SIP Number	45
5.2.1.2 SIP Service Domain	45
5.2.2 SIP Call Progression	46
5.2.3 SIP Servers	46
5.2.3.1 SIP User Agent	46
5.2.3.2 SIP Proxy Server	47
5.2.3.3 SIP Redirect Server	47
5.2.3.4 SIP Register Server	48
5.2.4 RTP	48
5.3 NAT	48
5.3.1 NAT Example	49
5.3.2 NAT Types	49
5.3.2.1 Full Cone NAT	50
5.3.2.2 Restricted Cone NAT	51
5.3.2.3 Port Restricted Cone NAT	52
5.3.2.4 Symmetric NAT	52
5.4 NAT and SIP	53
5.4.1 SIP ALG	53
5.4.2 Use NAT Address on SIP and RTP	53
5.4.3 STUN	54
5.4.4 Outbound Proxy	54
5.5 Pulse Code Modulation	54
5.6 Voice Coding	54
5.6.1 G.711	55
5.6.2 G.729	55
5.7 PSTN Call Setup Signaling	55
5.8 MWI (Message Waiting Indication)	55
VoIP Screens	57
6.1 VoIP Introduction	57
6.2 VoIP Configuration	57
6.3 Custom Tones (IVR)	59
6.3.0.1 Recording Custom Tones	60
6.3.0.2 Listening to Custom Tones	60
6.3.0.3 Deleting Custom Tones	60
6.4 Advanced VoIP Settings Configuration	60
6.5 Quality of Service (QoS)	64
6.5.1 Type Of Service (ToS)	64
6.5.2 DiffServ	64
6.5.2.1 DSCP and Per-Hop Behavior	65
6.5.3 VLAN	65
6.6 QoS Configuration	65
Phone	67
7.1 Phone Introduction	67
7.1.1 Voice Activity Detection/Silence Suppression	67
7.1.2 Comfort Noise Generation	67
7.1.3 Echo Cancellation	67
7.2 Phone Port Configuration	67
7.3 Supplementary Phone Services Overview	69
7.3.1 The Flash Key	69
7.3.2 Europe Type Supplementary Phone Services	69
7.3.2.1 European Call Hold	70
7.3.2.2 European Call Waiting	70
7.3.2.3 European Call Transfer	71
7.3.2.4 European Three-Way Conference	71
7.3.3 USA Type Supplementary Services	71
7.3.3.1 USA Call Hold	71
7.3.3.2 USA Call Waiting	72
7.3.3.3 USA Call Transfer	72
7.3.3.4 USA Three-Way Conference	72
7.4 Common Phone Configuration	72
Phone Book	75
8.1 Phone Book Introduction	75
8.1.1 Speed Dial	75
8.1.1.1 Peer-to-Peer Calls	75
8.1.2 Lifeline (Prestige 2002L)	75
8.2 Speed Dial Configuration	75
8.3 Call Forward	77
8.4 Lifeline Configuration (Prestige 2002L)	80
Logs	81
9.1 Viewing Logs	81
9.2 Log Message Descriptions	82
Maintenance	85
10.1 Maintenance Overview	85
10.2 Status Screen	85
10.3 F/W Upload Screen	86
10.4 Configuration Screen	88
10.4.1 Backup Configuration	89
10.4.2 Restore Configuration	89
10.4.3 Back to Factory Defaults	90
10.5 Restart Screen	91
Phone Usage	93
11.1 Dialing a Telephone Number	93
11.2 Using Speed Dial to Dial a Telephone Number	93
11.3 Internal Calls	93
11.4 Checking the Prestige’s IP Address	93
11.5 Auto Firmware Upgrade	94
Troubleshooting	95
12.1 Problems Starting Up the Prestige	95
12.2 Problems with the LAN or PC LED	95
12.3 Problems with the LAN Interface	96
12.4 Problems with Internet Access	96
12.5 Problems with the Web Configurator	97
12.6 Problems with the Password	97
12.7 Problems with Telephone or Telephone Port	98
12.8 Problems with Voice Service	98
12.9 Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions	99
12.9.1 Internet Explorer Pop-up Blockers	99
12.9.1.1 Disable Pop-up Blockers	99
12.9.1.2 Enable Pop-up Blockers with Exceptions	100
12.9.2 JavaScripts	102
12.9.3 Java Permissions	104
12.9.3.1 JAVA (Sun)	105
Product Specifications	107
Setting up Your Computer’s IP Address	111
IP Subnetting	123
PPPoE	131
Internal SPTGEN	133
Index	161
Numerics	161
A	161
B	161
C	161
D	162
E	162
F	162
G	163
H	163
I	163
J	163
K	163
L	163
M	164
N	164
O	164
P	164
Q	165
R	165
S	166
T	167
U	167
V	167
W	167

Match case Limit results 1 per page

P-2002 Series User’s Guide

Chapter 5 Introduction to VoIP

Figure 22

Symmetric NAT

5.4

NAT and SIP

Some NAT routers are not SIP-friendly and will stop your voice sessions.

The Prestige must register its public IP address with a SIP register server. If there is a NAT

router between the Prestige and the SIP register server, the Prestige probably has a private IP

address. The Prestige lists its IP address in the SIP message that it sends to the SIP register

server. NAT does not translate this IP address in the SIP message. The SIP register server gets

the Prestige’s IP address from inside the SIP message and maps it to your SIP identity. If the

Prestige has a private IP address listed in the SIP message, the SIP server cannot map it to your

SIP identity.

A SIP ALG (Application Layer Gateway), the fake WAN address on SIP and RTP, STUN, or

outbound proxy features allow the Prestige to use its public IP address in the SIP messages.

5.4.1

SIP ALG

Some NAT routers may include a SIP Application Layer Gateway (ALG). A SIP ALG allows

SIP calls to pass through NAT by examining and translating IP addresses embedded in the data

stream. When the Prestige registers with the SIP register server, the SIP ALG translates the

Prestige’s private IP address inside the SIP data stream to a public IP address. You do not need

to use STUN or an outbound proxy if your Prestige is behind a SIP ALG.

5.4.2

Use NAT Address on SIP and RTP

If you know the NAT router’s public IP address and SIP port number, you can use the Use

NAT feature to manually configure the Prestige to use a them in the SIP messages. This

eliminates the need for STUN or a SIP ALG.

You must also configure the NAT router to forward traffic with the SIP port number to the

Prestige.