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Pulse Code Modulation, Voice Coding

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P-2002 Series User's Guide 5.4.3 STUN STUN (Simple Traversal of User Datagram Protocol (UDP) through Network Address Translators) allows the Prestige to find the presence and types of NAT routers and/or firewalls between it and the public Internet. STUN also allows the Prestige to find the public IP address that NAT assigned, so the Prestige can embed it in the SIP data stream. STUN does not work with symmetric NAT routers (see Section 5.3.2.4 on page 52) or firewalls. See RFC 3489 for details on STUN. The following figure shows how STUN works. 1 The Prestige (A) sends SIP packets to the STUN server. 2 The STUN server finds the public IP address and port number that the NAT router used on the Prestige's SIP packets and sends them to the Prestige. 3 The Prestige uses the public IP address and port number in the SIP packets that it sends to the SIP server. Figure 23 STUN 5.4.4 Outbound Proxy Your VoIP service provider may host a SIP outbound proxy server to handle all of the Prestige's VoIP traffic. This allows the Prestige to work with any type of NAT router and eliminates the need for STUN or a SIP ALG. Turn off a SIP ALG on a NAT router in front of the Prestige to keep it from retranslating the IP address (since this is already handled by the outbound proxy server). 5.5 Pulse Code Modulation Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) measures analog signal amplitudes at regular time intervals and converts them into bits. 5.6 Voice Coding A codec (coder/decoder) codes analog voice signals into digital signals and decodes the digital signals back into voice signals. The Prestige supports the following codecs. 54 Chapter 5 Introduction to VoIP

Section	Page
P-2002 Series	1
Copyright	3
Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Interference Statement	4
Safety Warnings	6
ZyXEL Limited Warranty	7
Customer Support	8
Table of Contents	11
List of Figures	17
List of Tables	19
Preface	21
Introducing the Prestige	23
1.1 Prestige VoIP Analog Telephone Adaptor Overview	23
1.2 Prestige 2002L VoIP Analog Telephone Adaptor with Lifeline	23
1.3 Features	23
1.4 LEDs	25
1.5 Applications	26
1.5.1 Make Calls via Internet Telephony Service Provider	26
1.5.2 Make Calls via IP-PBX	27
1.5.3 Make Peer-to-peer Calls	27
Introducing the Web Configurator	29
2.1 Web Configurator Overview	29
2.2 Accessing the Prestige Web Configurator	29
2.3 Resetting the Prestige	31
2.3.1 Procedure To Use The Reset Button	31
2.4 Navigating the Prestige Web Configurator	31
2.5 Common Screen Command Buttons	33
System Screens	35
3.1 System Overview	35
3.2 General Setup	35
3.2.1 Domain Name	35
3.3 General Setup Configuration	35
3.4 Configuring Password	36
3.5 Pre-defined NTP Time Servers List	37
3.6 Configuring Time Setting	37
Ethernet Screens	41
4.1 ETHERNET Overview	41
4.1.1 IP Address and Subnet Mask	41
4.1.2 DNS Server Address Assignment	41
4.1.3 PPPoE Encapsulation	42
4.2 Configuring Ethernet	42
4.3 Configuring the Ethernet Management Port	44
Introduction to VoIP	45
5.1 Introduction to VoIP	45
5.2 Introduction to SIP	45
5.2.1 SIP Identities	45
5.2.1.1 SIP Number	45
5.2.1.2 SIP Service Domain	45
5.2.2 SIP Call Progression	46
5.2.3 SIP Servers	46
5.2.3.1 SIP User Agent	46
5.2.3.2 SIP Proxy Server	47
5.2.3.3 SIP Redirect Server	47
5.2.3.4 SIP Register Server	48
5.2.4 RTP	48
5.3 NAT	48
5.3.1 NAT Example	49
5.3.2 NAT Types	49
5.3.2.1 Full Cone NAT	50
5.3.2.2 Restricted Cone NAT	51
5.3.2.3 Port Restricted Cone NAT	52
5.3.2.4 Symmetric NAT	52
5.4 NAT and SIP	53
5.4.1 SIP ALG	53
5.4.2 Use NAT Address on SIP and RTP	53
5.4.3 STUN	54
5.4.4 Outbound Proxy	54
5.5 Pulse Code Modulation	54
5.6 Voice Coding	54
5.6.1 G.711	55
5.6.2 G.729	55
5.7 PSTN Call Setup Signaling	55
5.8 MWI (Message Waiting Indication)	55
VoIP Screens	57
6.1 VoIP Introduction	57
6.2 VoIP Configuration	57
6.3 Custom Tones (IVR)	59
6.3.0.1 Recording Custom Tones	60
6.3.0.2 Listening to Custom Tones	60
6.3.0.3 Deleting Custom Tones	60
6.4 Advanced VoIP Settings Configuration	60
6.5 Quality of Service (QoS)	64
6.5.1 Type Of Service (ToS)	64
6.5.2 DiffServ	64
6.5.2.1 DSCP and Per-Hop Behavior	65
6.5.3 VLAN	65
6.6 QoS Configuration	65
Phone	67
7.1 Phone Introduction	67
7.1.1 Voice Activity Detection/Silence Suppression	67
7.1.2 Comfort Noise Generation	67
7.1.3 Echo Cancellation	67
7.2 Phone Port Configuration	67
7.3 Supplementary Phone Services Overview	69
7.3.1 The Flash Key	69
7.3.2 Europe Type Supplementary Phone Services	69
7.3.2.1 European Call Hold	70
7.3.2.2 European Call Waiting	70
7.3.2.3 European Call Transfer	71
7.3.2.4 European Three-Way Conference	71
7.3.3 USA Type Supplementary Services	71
7.3.3.1 USA Call Hold	71
7.3.3.2 USA Call Waiting	72
7.3.3.3 USA Call Transfer	72
7.3.3.4 USA Three-Way Conference	72
7.4 Common Phone Configuration	72
Phone Book	75
8.1 Phone Book Introduction	75
8.1.1 Speed Dial	75
8.1.1.1 Peer-to-Peer Calls	75
8.1.2 Lifeline (Prestige 2002L)	75
8.2 Speed Dial Configuration	75
8.3 Call Forward	77
8.4 Lifeline Configuration (Prestige 2002L)	80
Logs	81
9.1 Viewing Logs	81
9.2 Log Message Descriptions	82
Maintenance	85
10.1 Maintenance Overview	85
10.2 Status Screen	85
10.3 F/W Upload Screen	86
10.4 Configuration Screen	88
10.4.1 Backup Configuration	89
10.4.2 Restore Configuration	89
10.4.3 Back to Factory Defaults	90
10.5 Restart Screen	91
Phone Usage	93
11.1 Dialing a Telephone Number	93
11.2 Using Speed Dial to Dial a Telephone Number	93
11.3 Internal Calls	93
11.4 Checking the Prestige’s IP Address	93
11.5 Auto Firmware Upgrade	94
Troubleshooting	95
12.1 Problems Starting Up the Prestige	95
12.2 Problems with the LAN or PC LED	95
12.3 Problems with the LAN Interface	96
12.4 Problems with Internet Access	96
12.5 Problems with the Web Configurator	97
12.6 Problems with the Password	97
12.7 Problems with Telephone or Telephone Port	98
12.8 Problems with Voice Service	98
12.9 Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions	99
12.9.1 Internet Explorer Pop-up Blockers	99
12.9.1.1 Disable Pop-up Blockers	99
12.9.1.2 Enable Pop-up Blockers with Exceptions	100
12.9.2 JavaScripts	102
12.9.3 Java Permissions	104
12.9.3.1 JAVA (Sun)	105
Product Specifications	107
Setting up Your Computer’s IP Address	111
IP Subnetting	123
PPPoE	131
Internal SPTGEN	133
Index	161
Numerics	161
A	161
B	161
C	161
D	162
E	162
F	162
G	163
H	163
I	163
J	163
K	163
L	163
M	164
N	164
O	164
P	164
Q	165
R	165
S	166
T	167
U	167
V	167
W	167

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P-2002 Series User’s Guide

Chapter 5 Introduction to VoIP

5.4.3

STUN

STUN (Simple Traversal of User Datagram Protocol (UDP) through Network Address

Translators) allows the Prestige to find the presence and types of NAT routers and/or firewalls

between it and the public Internet. STUN also allows the Prestige to find the public IP address

that NAT assigned, so the Prestige can embed it in the SIP data stream. STUN does not work

with symmetric NAT routers (see

Section 5.3.2.4 on page 52

) or firewalls. See RFC 3489 for

details on STUN.

The following figure shows how STUN works.

The Prestige (A) sends SIP packets to the STUN server.

The STUN server finds the public IP address and port number that the NAT router used

on the Prestige’s SIP packets and sends them to the Prestige.

The Prestige uses the public IP address and port number in the SIP packets that it sends to

the SIP server.

Figure 23

STUN

5.4.4

Outbound Proxy

Your VoIP service provider may host a SIP outbound proxy server to handle all of the

Prestige’s VoIP traffic. This allows the Prestige to work with any type of NAT router and

eliminates the need for STUN or a SIP ALG. Turn off a SIP ALG on a NAT router in front of

the Prestige to keep it from retranslating the IP address (since this is already handled by the

outbound proxy server).

5.5

Pulse Code Modulation

Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) measures analog signal amplitudes at regular time intervals

and converts them into bits.

5.6

Voice Coding

A codec (coder/decoder) codes analog voice signals into digital signals and decodes the digital

signals back into voice signals. The Prestige supports the following codecs.