D-Link DES-3326SRM Product Manual - Page 198
Network Addressing and Protocols, IP Addressing and Subnetting, Definitions, IP Addresses
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D-Link DES-3326S Layer 3 Switch Appendix B Network Addressing and Protocols This appendix provides background information pertaining to Layer 3 IP networking including IP addressing, network protocols and the composition of packet headers. IP Addressing and Subnetting This section gives basic information needed to configure your Layer 3 Switch for IP routing. The information includes how IP addresses are broken down and how subnetting works. You will learn how to assign each interface on the router an IP address with a unique subnet. Definitions • IP Address - the unique number ID assigned to each host or interface on a network. IP addresses have the form xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx. • Subnet - a portion of a network sharing a particular network address. • Subnet mask - a 32-bit number used to describe which portion of a Network Address refers to the subnet and which portion refers to the host. Subnet masks have the form xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx. • Interface - a network connection • IP Interface - another name for subnet. • Network Address - the resulting 32-bit number from a bitwise logical AND operation performed between an IP address and a subnet mask. • Subnet Address - another name for network address. IP Addresses The Internet Protocol (IP) was designed for routing data between network sites. Later, it was adapted for routing between networks (referred to as "subnets") within a site. The IP defines a way of generating a unique number that can be assigned each network in the internet and each of the computers on each of those networks. This number is called the IP address. IP addresses use a "dotted decimal" notation. Here are some examples of IP addresses written in this format: 1. 210.202.204.205 2. 189.21.241.56 3. 125.87.0.1 This allows IP address to be written in a string of 4 decimal (base 10) numbers. Computers can only understand binary (base 2) numbers, and these binary numbers are usually grouped together in bytes, or eight bits. (A bit is a binary digit - either a "1" or a "0"). The dots (periods) simply make the IP address easier to read. A computer sees an IP address not as four decimal numbers, but as a long string of binary digits (32 binary digits or 32 bits, IP addresses are 32-bit addresses). The three IP addresses in the example above, written in binary form are: 1. 11010010.11001010.11001100.11001101 2. 10111101.00010101.11110001.00111000 3. 01111101.01010111.00000000.00000001 188