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Basic Volume and RAID Concepts, Volumes, RAID, X-RAID - factory reset

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ReadyNAS OS 6.4 Basic Volume and RAID Concepts To get the most out of your ReadyNAS storage system, it is helpful to understand the basics of volumes and RAID. Understanding these concepts is the first step to making good decisions about how to configure, manage, and use your ReadyNAS storage system. Volumes In the most general sense, volumes are data storage devices. Your computer treats an internal hard drive as a volume. It also treats a portable USB thumb drive as a volume. Volumes can be either physical or logical. Usually, the term physical volume refers to a hard disk drive. When this term is used in this way, a two-bay storage system can be made up of up to two physical volumes (hard disk drives). A four-bay storage system can be made up of up to four physical volumes. A six-bay storage system can be made up of up to six physical volumes. The term logical volume refers to the way that you divide, or partition, your storage space. For example: • Each logical volume can correspond to a hard disk drive. • A logical volume can be made up of more than one hard disk drive. In this manual, the term volume refers to a logical volume. The terms hard disk drive and disk refer to a physical volume. RAID Your ReadyNAS storage system allows you to configure your hard disks using one of the many RAID technologies. RAID is short for redundant array of independent disks. RAID is a storage technology that balances data protection, system performance, and storage space by determining how the storage system distributes data. Many different ways of distributing data are standardized into various RAID levels. Each RAID level offers a tradeoff of data protection, system performance, and storage space. For example, one RAID level might improve data protection but reduce storage space. Another RAID level might increase storage space but also reduce system performance. Your ReadyNAS storage system supports X-RAID™ mode, a proprietary single-volume RAID architecture that is easy to administer, and Flex-RAID mode, which allows you to format your disks in a variety of industry-standard RAID levels. When you power on your system for the first time or if you reset your system to its factory default settings, the optimal RAID mode and level are automatically selected for you based on the number of disks that are installed. You can also configure the RAID settings manually (see Change RAID Mode on page 25). X-RAID X-RAID is an autoexpandable RAID technology that is available only on ReadyNAS systems. With X-RAID, you do not need to know intricate details about RAID to administer your system. X-RAID allows you to add storage space without reformatting your drives or moving your data to another location. Because the expansion happens online, you can continue to use your ReadyNAS system while the volume capacity increases. Because X-RAID is a single-volume architecture, if you configure your hard disk drives to use X-RAID, your storage system includes only one volume that is made up of all installed hard disk drives. X-RAID's single-volume architecture provides two major advantages: Volume Configuration 22

Section	Page
Contents	3
1. Getting Started	8
Quick-Start Guide	9
Additional Documentation	9
Supported ReadyNAS Systems	9
Supported Operating Systems	10
Supported Browsers	10
Diskless Systems	11
Basic Installation	11
Upgrade ReadyNAS Firmware for Use With ReadyCLOUD	12
Discover and Set Up Your ReadyNAS	13
Local Setup Wizard	15
Local Admin Page	16
Access the Local Admin Page	17
Register Your System	18
Five Levels of Protection	20
2. Volume Configuration	21
Basic Volume and RAID Concepts	22
Volumes	22
RAID	22
Manage Volumes	25
Change RAID Mode	25
View the Status of a Volume	28
Configure the Checksum Function	30
Create and Encrypt a Volume	31
Delete a Volume	33
Expand Storage Capacity	34
Add Protection to a Volume	37
Maintain Volumes	39
Balance a Volume	41
Export a Volume	42
Schedule Volume Maintenance	43
3. Shared Folders	45
Basic Shared Folder Concepts	46
Data Organization	46
Shared Folder Defaults	46
File and Folder Names	47
File-Sharing Protocols	47
Quotas on Shared Folders	48
Bit Rot Protection	49
Managing Bit Rot Protection	49
Home Folders	50
Manage Shared Folders	50
Create a Shared Folder	50
View and Change the Properties of a Shared Folder	52
Delete a Shared Folder	53
Browse a Shared Folder	54
Shared Folder Access Rights	55
User and Group Authentication	55
Set Network Access Rights to Shared Folders for Common Protocols	55
Set Network Access Rights to Shared Folders	56
Set Up Access Rights to Files and Folders	68
Access Shared Folders from a Network-Attached Device	71
Use a Web Browser	71
Use a Windows Device	72
Use a Mac OS X Device	73
Use a Linux or Unix Device	73
Use FTP and FTPS	74
Use Rsync	75
Access Shared Folders Using Cloud Services	75
Use ReadyCLOUD	76
Join ReadyCLOUD	76
Use ReadyCLOUD to Share Folders Through email	77
Use ReadyCLOUD to Share Folders With ReadyCLOUD Users	80
Delete ReadyCLOUD Users	83
Manage Permissions for ReadyCLOUD Users	83
Access Your System Using ReadyCLOUD	85
Use ReadyNAS Remote	85
4. LUNs	91
Basic LUN Concepts	92
Thin and Thick Provisioning	92
Default LUN Settings	93
Manage LUNs	93
Create a LUN	93
View and Change the Properties of a LUN	95
Expand the Size of a LUN	97
Delete a LUN	99
LUN Groups and Access Rights	100
Create a LUN Group	101
Assign a LUN to a LUN Group	101
Remove a LUN from a LUN Group	102
Delete a LUN Group	103
Manage Access Rights for LUN Groups	104
Access LUN Groups from an iSCSI-Attached Device	111
Set Up Initiator Access	111
Initialize and Format LUNs	116
5. Snapshots	119
Basic Snapshot Concepts	120
Smart Snapshot Management	120
Rolling Back	121
Clones	121
Manually Take a Snapshot	121
Browse Snapshots Using Recovery Mode	122
Roll Back to a Snapshot	123
Roll Back to a Snapshot Using Recovery Mode	124
Roll Back to a Snapshot Using the Timeline	125
Clone Snapshots	128
Delete Snapshots	131
Delete Snapshots Using Recovery Mode	131
Delete Snapshots Using the Timeline	133
Recover Data from a Snapshot	134
Recover Data from a Snapshot to a Network-Attached Device	135
Recover Data from a Snapshot to an iSCSI-Attached Device	135
6. Users and Groups	136
User and Group Accounts	137
Home Folders	137
User and Group Account Limitations	137
User and Group Management Modes	137
User Accounts	140
Configure Default User Settings	140
Create User Accounts	141
Edit User Accounts	142
Delete User Accounts	143
Change User Passwords	143
Group Accounts	144
Create Groups	144
Edit Groups	145
Delete Groups	147
Cloud Users	147
Grant Access to Cloud Users	148
Cloud User Access Rights	148
7. System Settings	149
Customize the Basic System Settings	150
Set the Clock	150
Select the Language	151
Set the Administrator Password	152
Configure System Alerts	153
Configure the Host Name	153
Enable Antivirus	154
Configure the Network Settings	155
Network Basic Concepts	155
Configure the Ethernet Interfaces	157
Configure Bonded Adapters	159
Configure Static Routes	165
Configure Global Settings for File-Sharing Protocols	166
Basic File-Sharing Concepts	166
Supported File-Sharing Protocols	166
Configure File-Sharing Protocols	168
Download SSH Public Key File	172
Configure a User Account to Use SSH	173
Configure Media Services	174
ReadyDLNA	174
iTunes Streaming Server	177
Configure Discovery Services	178
Install and Manage Apps	179
Install Apps	179
Manage Installed Apps	180
8. System Maintenance	181
System Monitoring	182
System and Disk Health Information	182
System Real-Time and Historical Monitoring	182
System Logs	185
Downloading Logs	187
SNMP Monitoring	188
System Maintenance	189
Update Firmware	189
Reset the Firmware to Factory Defaults	192
Recover the Administrator Password	192
Shut Down or Restart the System	195
Manage Power Usage	196
What Is Disk Spin-Down	198
Set or Change Disk Spin-Down	199
Optional Uninterruptible Power Supplies	200
Uninterruptible Power Supplies	200
UPS Configurations	200
Manage UPS Devices	200
9. Backup and Recovery	205
Back Up or Restore System Configuration	206
Basic Data Backup and Recovery Concepts	207
Backup Concepts	207
Recovery Concepts	209
Secure Cloud Backups	210
Backup Protocols	210
Backup Job Recommendations	211
Manage Backup and Recovery Jobs	211
Create a Backup Job	212
Create a Recovery Job	215
Modify a Backup or Recovery Job	219
Manually Start a Backup or Recovery Job	228
Delete a Backup or Recovery Job	229
View or Clear a Job Log	229
Configure the Backup Button	230
Back Up Windows Computers and Mac Computers to ReadyNAS	232
File Synchronization Across Computers	234
Work on Files Across Windows Computers and Mac Computers Using ReadyNAS	234
Time Machine	236
Back Up Your Mac Using a Shared Time Machine	236
Back Up Your Mac Using a Private Time Machine	238
Increase Your Time Machine Backup Capacity	240
ReadyNAS Vault	241
Dropbox	242
ReadyNAS Replicate	243

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Basic Volume and RAID Concepts

To get the most out of your ReadyNAS storage system, it is helpful to understand the basics of volumes and RAID.

Understanding these concepts is the first step to making good decisions about how to configure, manage, and use

your ReadyNAS storage system.

Volumes

In the most general sense, volumes are data storage devices.Your computer treats an internal hard drive as a

volume. It also treats a portable USB thumb drive as a volume.

Volumes can be either physical or logical. Usually, the term

physical volume

refers to a hard disk drive. When this

term is used in this way, a two-bay storage system can be made up of up to two physical volumes (hard disk drives).

A four-bay storage system can be made up of up to four physical volumes. A six-bay storage system can be made

up of up to six physical volumes.

The term

logical volume

refers to the way that you divide, or partition, your storage space. For example:

•

Each logical volume can correspond to a hard disk drive.

•

A logical volume can be made up of more than one hard disk drive.

In this manual, the term

volume

refers to a logical volume. The terms

hard disk drive

and

disk

refer to a physical

volume.

RAID

Your ReadyNAS storage system allows you to configure your hard disks using one of the many RAID technologies.

RAID is short for redundant array of independent disks. RAID is a storage technology that balances data protection,

system performance, and storage space by determining how the storage system distributes data. Many different

ways of distributing data are standardized into various RAID levels. Each RAID level offers a tradeoff of data

protection, system performance, and storage space. For example, one RAID level might improve data protection

but reduce storage space. Another RAID level might increase storage space but also reduce system performance.

Your ReadyNAS storage system supports X-RAID

™

mode, a proprietary single-volume RAID architecture that is

easy to administer, and Flex-RAID mode, which allows you to format your disks in a variety of industry-standard

RAID levels.

When you power on your system for the first time or if you reset your system to its factory default settings, the optimal

RAID mode and level are automatically selected for you based on the number of disks that are installed.You can

also configure the RAID settings manually (see

Change RAID Mode

on page 25).

X-RAID

X-RAID is an autoexpandable RAID technology that is available only on ReadyNAS systems.With X-RAID, you do

not need to know intricate details about RAID to administer your system. X-RAID allows you to add storage space

without reformatting your drives or moving your data to another location. Because the expansion happens online,

you can continue to use your ReadyNAS system while the volume capacity increases.

Because X-RAID is a single-volume architecture, if you configure your hard disk drives to use X-RAID, your storage

system includes only one volume that is made up of all installed hard disk drives. X-RAID’s single-volume architecture

provides two major advantages:

Volume Configuration

ReadyNAS OS 6.4