HP 3050 HP LaserJet 3050/3052/3055/3390/3392 All-in-One User Guide - Page 202
IP address, IP address: network portion, IP address structure and class
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IP address Every host (workstation or node) on an IP network requires a unique IP address for each network interface. This address is a software address that is used to identify both the network and specific hosts located on that network. Each IP address can be divided into two separate parts: the network portion and the host portion. It is possible for a host to query a server for a dynamic IP address each time the all-in-one boots up (for example, using DHCP and BOOTP). NOTE When assigning IP addresses, always consult the IP address administrator. Setting the wrong address can disable other equipment operating on the network or interfere with communications. IP address: network portion Network addresses are managed by an organization in Norfolk, Virginia, recognized as InterNIC. InterNIC has been contracted by the National Science Foundation to manage the Internet addresses and domains. Network addresses are distributed to organizations that are in turn responsible for making sure all attached devices or hosts on the network are properly numbered. For more information about the network portion of an IP address, see IP address structure and class and Subnets in this section. IP address: host portion Host addresses numerically identify specific network interfaces on an IP network. Usually a host has only one network interface; thus, only one IP address. Because no two devices can share the same number at the same time, administrators typically maintain address tables to assure correct assignment of addresses in the host network. IP address structure and class An IP address is comprised of 32 bits of information and divided into 4 sections containing 1 byte each section or 4 bytes total: xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx For efficiency in routing, networks were broken down into three classes, so routing can begin simply by identifying the leading byte of information in the IP address. The three IP addresses that InterNIC assigns are class A, B, and C. The network class determines what each of the four IP address sections identify as shown below: Table 9-7 IP address class format Class A B C First Address Byte xxx. Network. Network. Network. Second Address Byte xxx. Host. Network. Network. Third Address Byte xxx. Host. Host. Network. Fourth Address Byte xxx Host. Host. Host. As illustrated in Table 9-8 Network class characteristics, each network class differs by the leading bit identifier, the address range, the number of each type available, and the maximum number of hosts each class allows. 184 Chapter 9 Networking ENWW