Intel E2160 Design Guide - Page 21

Intel

®

Core

TM

2 Duo E6400, E4300, and Intel

®

Pentium

®

Dual-Core E2160 Processor

October 2007

TDG

Order Number: 315279 - 003US

21

Thermal Metrology—Intel

®

Core

TM

2 Duo E6400, E4300, and Intel

®

Pentium

®

Dual-Core E2160

Processor

3.0

Thermal Metrology

This section discusses guidelines for testing thermal solutions, including measuring

processor temperatures. In all cases, the thermal engineer must measure power

dissipation and temperature to validate a thermal solution. To define the performance

of a thermal solution the "thermal characterization parameter",

Ψ

("psi") will be used.

3.1

Characterizing Cooling Performance Requirements

The idea of a "thermal characterization parameter",

Ψ

("psi"), is a convenient way to

characterize the performance needed for the thermal solution and to compare thermal

solutions in identical situations (same heat source and local ambient conditions). The

thermal characterization parameter is calculated using total package power.

Note:

Heat transfer is a three-dimensional phenomenon that can rarely be accurately and

easily modeled by a single resistance parameter like

Ψ

.

The case-to-local ambient thermal characterization parameter value (

Ψ

CA

) is used as a

measure of the thermal performance of the overall thermal solution that is attached to

the processor package. It is defined by the following equation, and measured in units of

°C/W:

Equation 1.

Ψ

CA

= (T

C

- T

A

) / P

D

Where:

Ψ

CA

=

Case-to-local ambient thermal characterization parameter (°C/W)

T

C

=

Processor case temperature (°C)

T

A

=

Local ambient temperature in chassis at processor (°C)

P

D

=

Processor total power dissipation (W) (assumes all power dissipates

through the IHS)

The case-to-local ambient thermal characterization parameter of the processor,

Ψ

CA

, is

comprised of

Ψ

CS

, the thermal interface material thermal characterization parameter,

and of

Ψ

SA

, the sink-to-local ambient thermal characterization parameter:

Equation 2.

Ψ

CA

=

Ψ

CS

+

Ψ

SA

Where:

Ψ

CS

=

Thermal characterization parameter of the thermal interface material

(°C/W)

Ψ

SA

=

Thermal characterization parameter from heatsink-to-local ambient

(°C/W)

Ψ

CS

is strongly dependent on the thermal conductivity and thickness of the TIM

between the heatsink and IHS.

Section	Page
Intel® CoreTM 2 Duo E6400, E4300, and Intel® Pentium® Dual-Core E2160 Processor: Thermal Design Guide	1
Contents	3
Figures	5
Tables	5
Revision History	6
1.0 Introduction	7
1.1 Document Goals and Scope	7
1.1.1 Importance of Thermal Management	7
1.1.2 Document Goals	7
1.1.3 Document Scope	7
1.2 References	9
1.3 Definition of Terms	9
2.0 Processor Thermal/Mechanical Information	11
2.1 Mechanical Requirements	11
2.1.1 Processor Package	11
2.1.2 Heatsink Attach	12
2.2 Thermal Requirements	14
2.2.1 Processor Case Temperature	14
2.2.2 Thermal Profile	15
2.2.3 Tcontrol	16
2.3 Heatsink Design Considerations	17
2.3.1 Heatsink Size	17
2.3.2 Heatsink Mass	18
2.3.3 Package IHS Flatness	18
2.3.4 Thermal Interface Material	18
2.4 System Thermal Solution Considerations	19
2.4.1 Chassis Thermal Design Capabilities	19
2.4.2 Improving Chassis Thermal Performance	19
2.4.3 Summary	19
2.5 System Integration Considerations	20
3.0 Thermal Metrology	21
3.1 Characterizing Cooling Performance Requirements	21
3.1.1 Example	22
3.2 Processor Thermal Solution Performance Assessment	23
3.3 Local Ambient Temperature Measurement Guidelines	23
3.4 Processor Case Temperature Measurement Guidelines	25
4.0 Thermal Management Logic and Thermal Monitor Feature	26
4.1 Processor Power Dissipation	26
4.2 Thermal Monitor Implementation	26
4.2.1 PROCHOT# Signal	27
4.2.2 Thermal Control Circuit	27
4.2.3 Thermal Monitor 2	28
4.2.4 Operation and Configuration	29
4.2.5 On-Demand Mode	30
4.2.6 System Considerations	30
4.2.7 Operating System and Application Software Considerations	31
4.2.8 THERMTRIP# Signal	31
4.2.9 Cooling System Failure Warning	31
4.2.10 Digital Thermal Sensor	31
4.2.11 Platform Environmental Control Interface (PECI)	32
5.0 Intel® Reference Thermal Solution	33
5.1 Thermal Solution Requirements	33
5.2 PICMG 1.3 Form Factor	34
5.3 ATX/BTX form factors	36
5.4 Altitude	36
5.5 Geometric Envelope for Intel Reference PICMG 1.3 Thermal Mechanical Design	37
6.0 Intel® Quiet System Technology (Intel® QST)	38
6.1 Intel® QST Algorithm	38
6.1.1 Output Weighting Matrix	39
6.1.2 Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID)	39
6.2 Board and System Implementation of Intel® QST	41
6.3 Intel® QST Configuration and Tuning	43
6.4 Fan Hub Thermistor and Intel® QST	43
Appendix A LGA775 Socket Heatsink Loading	44
A.1 LGA775 Socket Heatsink Considerations	44
A.2 Metric for Heatsink Preload for Designs Non-Compliant with Intel Reference Design	44
A.2.1 Heatsink Preload Requirement Limitations	44
A.2.2 Motherboard Deflection Metric Definition	45
A.2.3 Board Deflection Limits	46
A.2.4 Board Deflection Metric Implementation Example	47
A.2.5 Additional Considerations	48
A.3 Heatsink Selection Guidelines	49
Appendix B Thermal Interface Management	50
B.1 Bond Line Management	50
B.2 Interface Material Area	50
B.3 Interface Material Performance	50
Appendix C Case Temperature Reference Metrology	51
C.1 Objective and Scope	51
Appendix D Mechanical Drawings	52

Intel E2160 Design Guide - Page 21

Thermal Metrology, 3.1 Characterizing Cooling Performance Requirements

Page 21 highlights