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Dell C1048P Port Extender Networking Configuration Guide for the C9000 Series - Page 164

Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD), How BFD Works

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7 Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD) BFD is a protocol that is used to rapidly detect communication failures between two adjacent systems. It is a simple and lightweight replacement for existing routing protocol link state detection mechanisms. It also provides a failure detection solution for links on which no routing protocol is used. BFD is a simple hello mechanism. Two neighboring systems running BFD establish a session using a threeway handshake. After the session has been established, the systems exchange periodic control packets at sub-second intervals. If a system does not receive a hello packet within a specified amount of time, routing protocols are notified that the forwarding path is down. BFD provides forwarding path failure detection times on the order of milliseconds rather than seconds as with conventional routing protocol hellos. It is independent of routing protocols, and as such, provides a consistent method of failure detection when used across a network. Networks converge faster because BFD triggers link state changes in the routing protocol sooner and more consistently because BFD eliminates the use of multiple protocol-dependent timers and methods. BFD also carries less overhead than routing protocol hello mechanisms. Control packets can be encapsulated in any form that is convenient, and, on Dell Networking routers, BFD agents maintain sessions that reside on the line card, which frees resources on the Route Processor. Only session state changes are reported to the BFD Manager (on the Route Processor), which in turn notifies the routing protocols that are registered with it. BFD is an independent and generic protocol, which all media, topologies, and routing protocols can support using any encapsulation. Dell Networking has implemented BFD at Layer 3 and with user datagram protocol (UDP) encapsulation. BFD functionality will be implemented in phases. On the switch, BFD is supported on static routes and dynamic routing protocols, such as VRRP, OSPF, OSPFv3, IS-IS, and BGP. Topics: • How BFD Works • Important Points to Remember • Configure BFD How BFD Works Two neighboring systems running BFD establish a session using a three-way handshake. After the session has been established, the systems exchange control packets at agreed upon intervals. In addition, systems send a control packet anytime there is a state change or change in a session parameter. These control packets are sent without regard to transmit and receive intervals. Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD) 164

Section	Page
Dell Networking Configuration Guide for the C9000 Series Version 9.10(0.0)	3
About this Guide	37
Audience	37
Conventions	37
Related Documents	38
Configuration Fundamentals	39
Accessing the Command Line	39
CLI Modes	40
Navigating CLI Modes	42
The do Command	45
Undoing Commands	46
Obtaining Help	46
Entering and Editing Commands	47
Command History	48
Filtering show Command Outputs	48
Multiple Users in Configuration Mode	50
Getting Started	51
Console Access	51
Serial Console	52
Mounting an NFS File System	53
Important Points to Remember	54
Default Configuration	55
Configuring a Host Name	55
Accessing the System Remotely	55
Accessing the System Remotely	55
Configure the Management Port IP Address	56
Configure a Management Route	56
Configuring a Username and Password	56
Configuring the Enable Password	57
Manage Configuration Files	57
File Storage	58
Copy Files to and from the System	58
Save the Running-Configuration	59
Configure the Overload Bit for a Startup Scenario	60
Viewing Files	60
Changes in Configuration Files	61
Viewing Command History	62
Upgrading the Dell Networking OS	62
Switch Management	63
Configuring Privilege Levels	63
Creating a Custom Privilege Level	63
Removing a Command from EXEC Mode	63
Moving a Command from EXEC Privilege Mode to EXEC Mode	64
Allowing Access to CONFIGURATION Mode Commands	64
Allowing Access to the Following Modes	64
Applying a Privilege Level to a Username	66
Applying a Privilege Level to a Terminal Line	66
Configuring Logging	66
Audit and Security Logs	67
Configuring Logging Format	69
Setting Up a Secure Connection to a Syslog Server	69
Track Login Activity	71
Restrictions for Tracking Login Activity	71
Configuring Login Activity Tracking	71
Display Login Statistics	72
Limit Concurrent Login Sessions	74
Restrictions for Limiting the Number of Concurrent Sessions	74
Configuring Concurrent Session Limit	74
Enabling the System to Clear Existing Sessions	74
Log Messages in the Internal Buffer	75
Configuration Task List for System Log Management	75
Disabling System Logging	76
Sending System Messages to a Syslog Server	76
Configuring a UNIX System as a Syslog Server	77
Display the Logging Buffer and the Logging Configuration	77
Changing System Logging Settings	78
Configuring a UNIX Logging Facility Level	79
Synchronizing Log Messages	80
Enabling Timestamp on Syslog Messages	80
File Transfer Services	81
Configuration Task List for File Transfer Services	81
Enabling the FTP Server	81
Configuring FTP Server Parameters	82
Configuring FTP Client Parameters	82
Terminal Lines	83
Denying and Permitting Access to a Terminal Line	83
Configuring Login Authentication for Terminal Lines	84
Setting Time Out of EXEC Privilege Mode	85
Using Telnet to Access Another Network Device	85
Lock CONFIGURATION Mode	86
Viewing the Configuration Lock Status	86
Recovering from a Forgotten Password	87
Ignoring the Startup Configuration and Booting from the Factory-Default Configuration	88
Recovering from a Failed Start	88
Restoring Factory-Default Settings	89
Important Point to Remember	89
Restoring Factory-Default Boot Environment Variables	90
Using Hashes to Verify Software Images Before Installation	91
Verifying System Images on C9010 Components	93
When System Images on C9010 Components Do Not Match	93
Manually Resetting the System Image on a C9010 Component	94
Logging in to the Virtual Console of a C9010 Component	95
Booting the C9010 from an Image on a Network Server	95
Configuring C9010 Components to Boot from the RPM CP Image	95
802.1X	97
The Port-Authentication Process	99
EAP over RADIUS	101
Configuring 802.1X	101
Related Configuration Tasks	101
Important Points to Remember	102
Enabling 802.1X	103
Configuring dot1x Profile	105
Configuring MAC addresses for a do1x Profile	106
Configuring the Static MAB and MAB Profile	106
Configuring Critical VLAN	107
Configuring Request Identity Re-Transmissions	108
Configuring a Quiet Period after a Failed Authentication	109
Forcibly Authorizing or Unauthorizing a Port	110
Re-Authenticating a Port	111
Configuring Dynamic VLAN Assignment with Port Authentication	112
Guest and Authentication-Fail VLANs	113
Configuring a Guest VLAN	114
Configuring an Authentication-Fail VLAN	115
Configuring Timeouts	116
Multi-Host Authentication	117
Configuring Multi-Host AuthenticationConfiguring Single-Host Authentication	120
Multi-Supplicant Authentication	121
Configuring Multi-Supplicant AuthenticationRestricting Multi-Supplicant Authentication	121
MAC Authentication Bypass	122
MAB in Single-host and Multi-Host Mode	123
MAB in Multi-Supplicant Authentication Mode	123
Configuring MAC Authentication Bypass	124
Dynamic CoS with 802.1X	125
Access Control Lists (ACLs)	127
IP Access Control Lists (ACLs)	128
CAM Usage	128
User-Configurable CAM Allocation	130
Allocating CAM for Ingress ACLs on the Port Extender	130
Allocating CAM for Egress ACLs on the Port Extender	132
Implementing ACLs	133
IP Fragment Handling	134
IP Fragments ACL Examples	135
Layer 4 ACL Rules Examples	135
Configure a Standard IP ACL	136
Configuring a Standard IP ACL Filter	137
Configure an Extended IP ACL	138
Configuring Filters with a Sequence Number	138
Configuring Filters Without a Sequence Number	140
Configure Layer 2 and Layer 3 ACLs	141
Using ACL VLAN Groups	141
Guidelines for Configuring ACL VLAN Groups	142
Configuring an ACL VLAN Group	142
Allocating ACL VLAN CAM	143
Applying an IP ACL to an Interface	144
Applying Ingress ACLs on the Port Extender	145
Applying Egress ACLs	145
Applying Layer 3 Egress ACLs on Control-Plane Traffic	146
Counting ACL Hits	147
IP Prefix Lists	147
Implementation Information	148
Configuration Task List for Prefix Lists	148
ACL Resequencing	152
Resequencing an ACL or Prefix List	152
Route Maps	154
Implementation Information	154
Important Points to Remember	154
Configuration Task List for Route Maps	155
Configuring Match Routes	157
Configuring Set Conditions	159
Configure a Route Map for Route Redistribution	160
Configure a Route Map for Route Tagging	160
Continue Clause	161
Configuring a UDF ACL	161
Hot-Lock Behavior	163
Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD)	164
How BFD Works	164
BFD Packet Format	166
BFD Sessions	168
BFD Three-Way Handshake	168
Session State Changes	170
Important Points to Remember	170
Configure BFD	171
Configure BFD for Static Routes	171
Configure BFD for OSPF	173
Configure BFD for OSPFv3	176
Configure BFD for IS-IS	177
Configure BFD for BGP	180
Configure BFD for VRRP	187
Configuring Protocol Liveness	190
Border Gateway Protocol IPv4 (BGPv4)	191
Autonomous Systems (AS)	191
Sessions and Peers	194
Establish a Session	194
Route Reflectors	195
Communities	196
BGP Attributes	196
Best Path Selection Criteria	196
Weight	198
Local Preference	199
Multi-Exit Discriminators (MEDs)	199
Origin	200
AS Path	201
Next Hop	201
Multiprotocol BGP	202
Implement BGP	202
Additional Path (Add-Path) Support	202
Advertise IGP Cost as MED for Redistributed Routes	202
Ignore Router-ID for Some Best-Path Calculations	203
Four-Byte AS Numbers	203
AS4 Number Representation	204
AS Number Migration	206
BGP4 Management Information Base (MIB)	208
Important Points to Remember	208
Configuration Information	209
BGP Configuration	209
Enabling BGP	210
Configuring AS4 Number Representations	214
Configuring Peer Groups	216
Configuring BGP Fast Fail-Over	218
Configuring Passive Peering	220
Maintaining Existing AS Numbers During an AS Migration	221
Allowing an AS Number to Appear in its Own AS Path	222
Enabling Neighbor Graceful Restart	223
Filtering on an AS-Path Attribute	224
Regular Expressions as Filters	225
Redistributing Routes	227
Enabling Additional Paths	227
Configuring IP Community Lists	228
Configuring an IP Extended Community List	229
Filtering Routes with Community Lists	230
Manipulating the COMMUNITY Attribute	231
Changing MED Attributes	233
Changing the LOCAL_PREFERENCE Attribute	233
Changing the NEXT_HOP Attribute	234
Changing the WEIGHT Attribute	234
Enabling Multipath	235
Filtering BGP Routes	235
Filtering BGP Routes Using Route Maps	237
Filtering BGP Routes Using AS-PATH Information	237
Configuring BGP Route Reflectors	238
Aggregating Routes	239
Configuring BGP Confederations	239
Enabling Route Flap Dampening	240
Changing BGP Timers	243
Enabling BGP Neighbor Soft-Reconfiguration	243
Route Map Continue	245
Enabling MBGP Configurations	245
BGP Regular Expression Optimization	246
Debugging BGP	246
Storing Last and Bad PDUs	247
Capturing PDUs	248
PDU Counters	250
Sample Configurations	250
Content Addressable Memory (CAM)	260
CAM Allocation	260
Test CAM Usage	262
View CAM-ACL Settings	262
View CAM Usage	263
Return to the Default CAM Configuration	264
CAM Optimization	265
Applications for CAM Profiling	265
LAG HashingLAG Hashing Based on Bidirectional Flow	265
Unified Forwarding Table (UFT) Modes	265
Configuring UFT Modes	266
Control Plane Policing (CoPP)	268
CoPP Implementation	268
Protocol-based Control Plane Policing	268
Queue-based Control Plane Policing	269
CoPP Example	271
Configure Control Plane Policing	273
Configuring CoPP for Protocols	273
Examples of Configuring CoPP for Protocols	274
Configuring CoPP for CPU Queues	275
Examples of Configuring CoPP for CPU Queues	276
Displaying CoPP Configuration	276
Troubleshooting CoPP Operation	281
Enabling CPU Traffic Statistics	281
Viewing CPU Traffic Statistics	282
Troubleshooting CPU Packet Loss	282
Viewing Per-Protocol CoPP Counters	284
Viewing Per-Queue CoPP Counters	288
Data Center Bridging (DCB)	290
Enabling Data Center Bridging	290
Ethernet Enhancements in Data Center Bridging	291
Priority-Based Flow Control	292
Enhanced Transmission Selection	294
Data Center Bridging Exchange Protocol (DCBx)	295
Data Center Bridging in a Traffic Flow	296
QoS dot1p Traffic Classification and Queue Assignment	296
SNMP Support for PFC and Buffer Statistics Tracking	297
DCB Maps and its Attributes	298
DCB Map: Configuration Procedure	298
Important Points to Remember	299
Applying a DCB Map on a Port	299
Configuring PFC without a DCB Map	300
Configuring Lossless Queues	301
Applying a DCB Map on a Line Card	302
Data Center Bridging: Default Configuration	302
Configuration Notes: PFC and ETS in a DCB Map	303
PFC Configuration Notes	303
ETS Configuration Notes	304
ETS Prerequisites and Restrictions	305
Priority-Group Configuration Notes	305
Configuring Priority-Based Flow Control	306
Configuring Lossless Queues	307
Configuring Enhanced Transmission Selection	308
Creating an ETS Priority Group	308
ETS Operation with DCBx	309
Configure a DCBx Operation	310
DCBx Operation	310
DCBx Port Roles	310
DCB Configuration Exchange	312
Configuration Source Election	313
Propagation of DCB Information	313
Auto-Detection and Manual Configuration of the DCBx Version	314
Behavior of Tagged Packets	314
Configuration Example for DSCP and PFC Priorities	315
DCBx Example	316
DCBx Prerequisites and Restrictions	317
Configuring DCBx	317
Verifying the DCB Configuration	321
Performing PFC Using DSCP Bits Instead of 802.1p Bits	332
PFC and ETS Configuration Examples	333
Using PFC and ETS to Manage Data Center Traffic	333
PFC and ETS Configuration Command Examples	335
Using PFC and ETS to Manage Converged Ethernet Traffic	336
Hierarchical Scheduling in ETS Output Policies	336
Priority-Based Flow Control Using Dynamic Buffer Method	337
Pause and Resume of Traffic	337
Buffer Sizes for Lossless or PFC Packets	337
Configuring the Dynamic Buffer Method	338
Debugging and Diagnostics	340
Offline Diagnostics	340
Running Port Extender Offline Diagnostics on the Switch	341
Running Offline Diagnostics on a Standalone Switch	348
TRACE Logs	371
Auto Save on Reload, Crash, or Rollover	371
Uploading Trace Logs	371
Last Restart Reason	372
show hardware Commands	372
Environmental Monitoring	375
Displaying Port Extender Environment Information	375
Display Power Supply Status	376
Display Fan Status	377
Display Transceiver Type	377
Recognize an Over-Temperature Condition	379
Troubleshoot an Over-Temperature Condition	380
Troubleshooting Packet Loss	382
Displaying Drop Counters	383
Displaying Dataplane Statistics	384
Displaying Line-Card Counters	386
Accessing Application Core Dumps	387
Mini Core Dumps	388
Full Kernel Core Dumps	388
Enabling TCP Dumps	389
Accessing Port Extender Core and Mini Core Dumps	390
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)	391
DHCP Packet Format and Options	391
Assign an IP Address using DHCP	393
Implementation Information	394
Configure the System to be a DHCP Server	395
Configuring the Server for Automatic Address Allocation	396
Specifying a Default Gateway	397
Configure a Method of Hostname Resolution	397
Using DNS for Address Resolution	398
Using NetBIOS WINS for Address Resolution	398
Creating Manual Binding Entries	398
Debugging the DHCP Server	399
Using DHCP Clear Commands	399
Configure the System to be a Relay Agent	399
Configure the System to be a DHCP Client	401
DHCP Client on a Management Interface	401
DHCP Client Operation with Other Features	402
Configure Secure DHCP	403
Option 82	403
DHCP Snooping	404
Drop DHCP Packets on Snooped VLANs Only	406
Dynamic ARP Inspection	407
Configuring Dynamic ARP Inspection	408
Source Address Validation	409
Enabling IP Source Address Validation	409
DHCP MAC Source Address Validation	410
Enabling IP+MAC Source Address Validation	410
Viewing the Number of SAV Dropped Packets	411
Clearing the Number of SAV Dropped Packets	412
Equal Cost Multi-Path (ECMP)	413
ECMP for Flow-Based Affinity	413
Enabling Deterministic ECMP Next Hop	413
Configuring the Hash Algorithm Seed	413
Link Bundle Monitoring	414
Managing ECMP Group Paths	415
Creating an ECMP Group Bundle	415
Modifying the ECMP Group Threshold	416
BGP Multipath Operation with Link Bankwidth	416
Dynamic Re-calculation of Link Bankwidth	419
Weighted ECMP for Static Routes	419
ECMP Support in L3 Host and LPM Tables	420
FCoE Transit	421
Fibre Channel over Ethernet	421
Ensure Robustness in a Converged Ethernet Network	421
FIP Snooping on Ethernet Bridges	423
FIP Snooping in a Switch Stack	426
Using FIP Snooping	426
FIP Snooping Prerequisites	426
Important Points to Remember	427
Enabling the FCoE Transit Feature	427
Enable FIP Snooping on VLANs	428
Configure the FC-MAP Value	428
Configure a Port for a Bridge-to-Bridge Link	428
Configure a Port for a Bridge-to-FCF Link	428
Impact on Other Software Features	429
FIP Snooping Restrictions	429
Configuring FIP Snooping	430
Displaying FIP Snooping Information	431
FCoE Transit Configuration Example	437
FIPS Cryptography	439
Configuration Tasks	439
Preparing the System	440
Enabling FIPS Mode	440
Generating Host-Keys	441
Monitoring FIPS Mode Status	441
Disabling FIPS Mode	442
Flex Hash and Optimized Boot-Up	443
Flex Hash Capability Overview	443
Configuring the Flex Hash Mechanism	444
LACP Fast Switchover	444
Configuring LACP Fast Switchover	445
LACP	445
LACP Fast Switchover	445
RDMA Over Converged Ethernet (RoCE) Overview	445
Sample Configurations	447
	447
Preserving 802.1Q VLAN Tag Value for Lite Subinterfaces	450
Force10 Resilient Ring Protocol (FRRP)	452
Protocol Overview	452
Ring Status	453
Multiple FRRP Rings	454
Important FRRP Points	454
Implementing FRRP	455
Important FRRP Concepts	455
FRRP Configuration	456
Creating the FRRP Group	457
Configuring the Control VLAN	457
Configuring and Adding the Member VLANs	458
Setting the FRRP Timers	459
Clearing the FRRP Counters	460
Viewing the FRRP Configuration	460
Viewing the FRRP Information	460
Troubleshooting FRRP	461
Configuration Checks	461
Sample Configuration and Topology	461
GARP VLAN Registration Protocol (GVRP)	463
Important Points to Remember	463
Configure GVRP	464
Related Configuration Tasks	465
Enabling GVRP Globally	465
Enabling GVRP on a Layer 2 Interface	465
Configure GVRP Registration	466
Configure a GARP Timer	466
High Availability (HA)	468
High Availability on Chassis	468
High Availability in a PE Stack	469
Online Insertion and Removal	469
RPM Online Insertion	469
Line Card Online Insertion	469
Pre-configuring a Slot for a Line-Card Type	470
Replacing a Line Card	470
Hitless Behavior	471
Graceful Restart	472
Software Resiliency	472
System Health Monitoring	472
Failure and Event Logging	472
Trace Log	472
Core Dumps	473
System Log	473
Control Plane Redundancy	473
Control-Plane Failover	474
RPM Synchronization	475
Forcing an RPM Failover	475
Specifying an Auto-Failover Limit	475
Disabling Auto-Reboot	476
Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP)	477
IGMP Implementation Information	477
IGMP Protocol Overview	478
IGMP Version 2	478
IGMP Version 3	479
Configure IGMP	483
Related Configuration Tasks	483
Viewing IGMP Enabled Interfaces	483
Selecting an IGMP Version	484
Viewing IGMP Groups	484
Enabling IGMP Immediate-Leave	485
IGMP Snooping	485
IGMP Snooping Implementation Information	485
Configuring IGMP Snooping	486
Removing a Group-Port Association	486
Disabling Multicast Flooding	487
Specifying a Port as Connected to a Multicast Router	487
Configuring the Switch as Querier	487
Fast Convergence after MSTP Topology Changes	488
Designating a Multicast Router Interface	489
Interfaces	490
Basic Interface Configuration	490
Advanced Interface Configuration	490
Port Numbering	492
Interface Types	495
View Basic Interface Information	495
Resetting an Interface to its Factory Default State	502
Enabling a Physical Interface	503
Physical Interfaces	503

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Bidirectional Forwarding Detection

(BFD)

BFD is a protocol that is used to rapidly detect communication failures between two adjacent systems. It is a

simple and lightweight replacement for existing routing protocol link state detection mechanisms. It also

provides a failure detection solution for links on which no routing protocol is used.

BFD is a simple hello mechanism. Two neighboring systems running BFD establish a session using a three-

way handshake. After the session has been established, the systems exchange periodic control packets at

sub-second intervals. If a system does not receive a hello packet within a specified amount of time, routing

protocols are notified that the forwarding path is down.

BFD provides forwarding path failure detection times on the order of milliseconds rather than seconds as with

conventional routing protocol hellos. It is independent of routing protocols, and as such, provides a

consistent method of failure detection when used across a network. Networks converge faster because BFD

triggers link state changes in the routing protocol sooner and more consistently because BFD eliminates the

use of multiple protocol-dependent timers and methods.

BFD also carries less overhead than routing protocol hello mechanisms. Control packets can be encapsulated

in any form that is convenient, and, on Dell Networking routers, BFD agents maintain sessions that reside on

the line card, which frees resources on the Route Processor. Only session state changes are reported to the

BFD Manager (on the Route Processor), which in turn notifies the routing protocols that are registered with it.

BFD is an independent and generic protocol, which all media, topologies, and routing protocols can support

using any encapsulation. Dell Networking has implemented BFD at Layer 3 and with user datagram protocol

(UDP) encapsulation. BFD functionality will be implemented in phases. On the switch, BFD is supported on

static routes and dynamic routing protocols, such as VRRP, OSPF, OSPFv3, IS-IS, and BGP.

Topics:

•

How BFD Works

•

Important Points to Remember

•

Configure BFD

How BFD Works

Two neighboring systems running BFD establish a session using a three-way handshake.

After the session has been established, the systems exchange control packets at agreed upon intervals. In

addition, systems send a control packet anytime there is a state change or change in a session parameter.

These control packets are sent without regard to transmit and receive intervals.

Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD)

164