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Storage Repository Types

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Storage • The LVM format can be used on either local disk or shared storage. Shared LVM access can be provided using either an iSCSI or a Fibre Channel LUN hosted on a network filer that allows shared access by multiple initiators or HBAs. • Managed Netapp LUNs are accessible via the Netapp SR driver type, and are hosted on a Network Appliance device running a version of Ontap 7.0 or greater. LUNs are allocated and mapped dynamically to the host via the XenServer Host management framework. 3.1.3. Managing Storage In working with the XenServer Host CLI, there are four object classes that are used to describe, configure, and manage storage: • Storage Repositories (SRs) are storage targets containing homogeneous virtual disks (VDIs). SR commands provide operations for creating, destroying, resizing, cloning, connecting and discovering the individual Virtual Disk Images (VDIs) that they contain. A storage repository is a persistent, on-disk data structure. So the act of "creating" a new SR is similar to that of formatting a disk -- for most SR types, creating a new SR involves erasing any existing data on the specified storage target. The exception is NFS SRs, which create a new directory on the filer leaving existing NFS SRs as they were. SRs are long-lived, and may in some cases be shared among XenServer Hosts, or moved between them. CLI operations to manage storage repositories are described in Section 5.4.13, "SR commands". • Physical Block Devices (PBDs) represent the interface between a physical server and an attached SR. PBDs are connector objects that allow a given SR to be mapped to a XenServer Host. PBDs store the device configuration fields that are used to connect to and interact with a given storage target. For example, NFS device configuration includes the IP address of the NFS server and the associated path that the XenServer Host mounts. PBD objects manage the run-time attachment of a given SR to a given XenServer Host. CLI operations relating to PBDs are described in Section 5.4.9, "PBD commands". • Virtual Disk Images (VDIs) are an on-disk representation of a virtual disk provided to a VM. VDIs are the fundamental unit of virtualized storage in XenServer. Similar to SRs, VDIs are persistent, on-disk objects that exist independently of XenServer Hosts. CLI operations to manage VDIs are presented in Section 5.4.19, "VDI commands". • Virtual Block Devices (VBDs) are a connector object (similar to the PBD described above) that allows mappings between VDIs and Virtual Machines (VMs). In addition to providing a mechanism to attach (or plug) a VDI into a VM, VBDs allow the fine-tuning of parameters regarding QoS (quality of service), statistics, and the bootability of a given VDI. CLI operations relating to VBDs are described in Section 5.4.18, "VBD commands". 3.2. Storage Repository Types This section provides descriptions of the physical storage types that XenServer supports. Device configuration options and examples of creating SRs are given for each type. SR type ext nfs lvm Description VHD on Local Disk VHD on Network File System Logical Volume Management on Local Disk Shared? no yes no Sparse? yes yes no VDI Resize? Fast Clone? no yes no yes yes no 12

Section	Page
XenServer Administrator's Guide	1
Table of Contents	4
Chapter 1. Overview	7
1.1. XenServer Hosts and resource pools	7
1.2. Networking	7
1.3. Storage	7
1.4. Command Line Interface	8
1.5. How this Guide relates to other documentation	8
Chapter 2. XenServer Hosts and resource pools	9
2.1. Requirements for creating resource pools	9
2.2. Creating a resource pool	10
2.3. Adding shared storage	10
2.4. Installing and managing VMs on shared storage	11
2.5. Removing a XenServer Host from a resource pool	11
2.6. Backups	12
2.7. Coping with machine failures	13
2.7.1. Member failures	13
2.7.2. Master failures	14
2.7.3. Pool failures	14
2.7.4. Coping with Failure due to Configuration Errors	14
2.7.5. Physical Machine failure	15
Chapter 3. Storage	17
3.1. Overview	17
3.1.1. Storage repositories (SRs)	17
3.1.2. Virtual Disk Images (VDI)	17
3.1.3. Managing Storage	18
3.2. Storage Repository Types	18
3.2.1. Local Disks	19
3.2.2. Local hotplug devices	19
3.2.3. Shared Network Attached Storage using NFS	19
3.2.4. Shared iSCSI Storage	20
3.2.4.1. XenServer Host iSCSI configuration	21
3.2.5. Shared LVM storage over FC or iSCSI hardware HBAs	21
3.2.6. Shared NetApp Storage	22
3.3. Storage configuration examples	24
3.3.1. Creating Storage Repositories	24
3.3.2. Probing an SR	25
3.3.3. Creating a local LVM SR (lvm)	27
3.3.4. Creating a local EXT3 SR (ext)	27
3.3.5. Creating a shared NFS SR (nfs)	27
3.3.6. Creating a shared LVM over iSCSI SR using the software iSCSI initiator (lvmoiscsi)	28
3.3.7. Creating a shared LVM over Fibre Channel or iSCSI HBA SR (lvmohba)	28
3.3.8. Creating a shared NetApp SR over iSCSI	31
3.4. Managing Storage Repositories	31
3.4.1. Destroying or forgetting a SR	31
3.4.2. Introducing a SR	32
3.4.3. Converting local Fibre Channel SRs to shared SRs	32
3.4.4. Moving Virtual Disk Images (VDIs) between SRs	33
3.4.4.1. Copying all of a VM's VDIs to a different SR	33
3.4.4.2. Copying individual VDIs to a different SR	33
3.4.5. Managing VDIs in a Netapp SR	34
3.4.6. Taking VDI snapshots with a Netapp SR	34
3.4.7. Adjusting the disk IO scheduler for an LVM-based SR	34
3.5. Managing Host Bus Adapters (HBAs)	34
3.5.1. Sample QLogic iSCSI HBA setup	35
3.5.2. Removing HBA-based FC or iSCSI device entries	35
3.6. Virtual disk QoS settings (Enterprise Edition only)	35
Chapter 4. Networking	37
4.1. Networking configuration performed during Host installation	37
4.2. Managing networking configuration for standalone XenServer Hosts	38
4.2.1. Creating networks	38
4.2.2. Connecting Virtual Machines (VMs) to networks	39
4.2.3. Creating VLANs	39
4.2.4. Creating NIC bonds	40
4.2.4.1. Creating a NIC bond on a dual-NIC host	40
4.2.4.2. Controlling the MAC address of the bond	41
4.2.4.3. Reverting NIC bonds	42
4.2.5. Controlling Quality of Service (QoS)	42
4.2.6. Dedicating a NIC to storage traffic	42
4.2.7. Changing networking configuration options	43
4.2.7.1. Hostname	43
4.2.7.2. DNS servers	43
4.2.7.3. XenServer Host IP address configuration	43
4.2.7.4. Management interface	43
4.2.7.5. Disabling management access	44
4.3. Managing networking configuration for XenServer pools	44
4.3.1. Networks in resource pools	44
4.3.2. Creating NIC bonds in resource pools	44
4.3.2.1. Adding NIC bonds to new resource pools	45
4.3.2.2. Adding NIC bonds to an existing pool	47
4.3.3. Changing XenServer Host IP address configuration in resource pools	48
4.3.4. NIC/PIF ordering	49
4.3.4.1. Verifying NIC ordering	49
4.3.4.2. Re-ordering NICs	50
4.4. Networking Troubleshooting	51
4.4.1. Diagnosing network corruption	51
4.4.2. Recovering from a bad network configuration	52
Chapter 5. Command line interface	53
5.1. Basic xe syntax	53
5.2. Special characters and syntax	54
5.3. Command types	55
5.3.1. Parameter types	56
5.3.2. Low-level param commands	56
5.3.3. Low-level list commands	57
5.4. xe command reference	58
5.4.1. Bonding commands	58
5.4.1.1. bond-create	58
5.4.1.2. bond-destroy	58
5.4.2. CD commands	59
5.4.2.1. cd-list	60
5.4.3. Console commands	60
5.4.4. Event commands	60
5.4.4.1. event-wait	61
5.4.5. Host (XenServer Host) commands	61
5.4.5.1. host-backup	64
5.4.5.2. host-bugreport-upload	64
5.4.5.3. host-crashdump-destroy	64
5.4.5.4. host-crashdump-upload	64
5.4.5.5. host-disable	65
5.4.5.6. host-dmesg	65
5.4.5.7. host-emergency-management-reconfigure	65
5.4.5.8. host-enable	65
5.4.5.9. host-evacuate	65
5.4.5.10. host-forget	65
5.4.5.11. host-get-system-status	66
5.4.5.12. host-get-system-status-capabilities	66
5.4.5.13. host-is-in-emergency-mode	67
5.4.5.14. host-license-add	67
5.4.5.15. host-license-view	67
5.4.5.16. host-logs-download	67
5.4.5.17. host-management-disable	68
5.4.5.18. host-management-reconfigure	68
5.4.5.19. host-reboot	68
5.4.5.20. host-restore	69
5.4.5.21. host-set-hostname-live	69
5.4.5.22. host-shutdown	69
5.4.5.23. host-syslog-reconfigure	69
5.4.6. Log commands	69
5.4.6.1. log-get-keys	70
5.4.6.2. log-reopen	70
5.4.6.3. log-set-output	70
5.4.7. Network commands	70
5.4.7.1. network-create	71
5.4.7.2. network-destroy	71
5.4.8. Patch (update) commands	71
5.4.8.1. patch-apply	71
5.4.8.2. patch-clean	71
5.4.8.3. patch-pool-apply	72
5.4.8.4. patch-precheck	72
5.4.8.5. patch-upload	72
5.4.9. PBD commands	72
5.4.9.1. pbd-create	72
5.4.9.2. pbd-destroy	73
5.4.9.3. pbd-plug	73
5.4.9.4. pbd-unplug	73
5.4.10. PIF commands	73
5.4.10.1. pif-forget	75
5.4.10.2. pif-introduce	75
5.4.10.3. pif-plug	75
5.4.10.4. pif-reconfigure-ip	75
5.4.10.5. pif-scan	75
5.4.10.6. pif-unplug	75
5.4.11. Pool commands	75
5.4.11.1. pool-designate-new-master	76
5.4.11.2. pool-dump-database	76
5.4.11.3. pool-eject	76
5.4.11.4. pool-emergency-reset-master	77
5.4.11.5. pool-emergency-transition-to-master	77
5.4.11.6. pool-join	77
5.4.11.7. pool-recover-slaves	77
5.4.11.8. pool-restore-database	77
5.4.11.9. pool-sync-database	77
5.4.12. Storage Manager commands	77
5.4.13. SR commands	78
5.4.13.1. sr-create	79
5.4.13.2. sr-destroy	79
5.4.13.3. sr-forget	79
5.4.13.4. sr-introduce	80
5.4.13.5. sr-probe	80
5.4.13.6. sr-scan	80
5.4.14. Task commands	80
5.4.14.1. task-cancel	81
5.4.15. Template commands	81
5.4.15.1. template-export	86
5.4.16. Update commands	86
5.4.16.1. update-upload	86
5.4.17. User commands	86
5.4.17.1. user-password-change	86
5.4.18. VBD commands	86
5.4.18.1. vbd-create	88
5.4.18.2. vbd-destroy	88
5.4.18.3. vbd-eject	88
5.4.18.4. vbd-insert	88
5.4.18.5. vbd-plug	88
5.4.18.6. vbd-unplug	88
5.4.19. VDI commands	89
5.4.19.1. vdi-clone	90
5.4.19.2. vdi-copy	90
5.4.19.3. vdi-create	90
5.4.19.4. vdi-destroy	90
5.4.19.5. vdi-forget	91
5.4.19.6. vdi-import	91
5.4.19.7. vdi-introduce	91
5.4.19.8. vdi-resize	91
5.4.19.9. vdi-snapshot	91
5.4.19.10. vdi-unlock	91
5.4.20. VIF commands	91
5.4.20.1. vif-create	93
5.4.20.2. vif-destroy	93
5.4.20.3. vif-plug	93
5.4.20.4. vif-unplug	93
5.4.21. VLAN commands	93
5.4.21.1. vlan-create	93
5.4.21.2. vlan-destroy	93
5.4.22. VM commands	93
5.4.22.1. vm-cd-add	98
5.4.22.2. vm-cd-eject	98
5.4.22.3. vm-cd-insert	98
5.4.22.4. vm-cd-list	98
5.4.22.5. vm-cd-remove	99
5.4.22.6. vm-clone	99
5.4.22.7. vm-compute-maximum-memory	99
5.4.22.8. vm-copy	99
5.4.22.9. vm-crashdump-list	100
5.4.22.10. vm-create	100
5.4.22.11. vm-destroy	100
5.4.22.12. vm-disk-add	100
5.4.22.13. vm-disk-list	101
5.4.22.14. vm-disk-remove	101
5.4.22.15. vm-export	101
5.4.22.16. vm-import	101
5.4.22.17. vm-install	102
5.4.22.18. vm-memory-shadow-multiplier-set	102
5.4.22.19. vm-migrate	102
5.4.22.20. vm-reboot	103
5.4.22.21. vm-reset-powerstate	103
5.4.22.22. vm-resume	103
5.4.22.23. vm-shutdown	103
5.4.22.24. vm-start	103
5.4.22.25. vm-suspend	104
5.4.22.26. vm-uninstall	104
5.4.22.27. vm-vcpu-hotplug	104
5.4.22.28. vm-vif-list	104
Chapter 6. Troubleshooting	105
6.1. XenServer Host logs	105
6.1.1. Sending log messages to a central server	105
6.2. Troubleshooting connections between XenCenter and the XenServer Host	106
6.3. Special debug boot options	106

Match case Limit results 1 per page

Storage

•

The LVM format can be used on either local disk or shared storage. Shared LVM access can be provided

using either an iSCSI or a Fibre Channel LUN hosted on a network filer that allows shared access by

multiple initiators or HBAs.

•

Managed Netapp LUNs are accessible via the Netapp SR driver type, and are hosted on a Network

Appliance device running a version of Ontap 7.0 or greater. LUNs are allocated and mapped dynamically

to the host via the XenServer Host management framework.

3.1.3. Managing Storage

In working with the XenServer Host CLI, there are four object classes that are used to describe, configure,

and manage storage:

•

Storage Repositories (SRs) are storage targets containing homogeneous virtual disks (VDIs). SR com-

mands provide operations for creating, destroying, resizing, cloning, connecting and discovering the in-

dividual Virtual Disk Images (VDIs) that they contain.

A storage repository is a persistent, on-disk data structure. So the act of "creating" a new SR is similar

to that of formatting a disk -- for most SR types, creating a new SR involves erasing any existing data

on the specified storage target. The exception is NFS SRs, which create a new directory on the filer

leaving existing NFS SRs as they were. SRs are long-lived, and may in some cases be shared among

XenServer Hosts, or moved between them. CLI operations to manage storage repositories are described

in Section 5.4.13, “SR commands”.

•

Physical Block Devices (PBDs) represent the interface between a physical server and an attached SR.

PBDs are connector objects that allow a given SR to be mapped to a XenServer Host. PBDs store the

device configuration fields that are used to connect to and interact with a given storage target. For ex-

ample, NFS device configuration includes the IP address of the NFS server and the associated path

that the XenServer Host mounts. PBD objects manage the run-time attachment of a given SR to a given

XenServer Host. CLI operations relating to PBDs are described in Section 5.4.9, “PBD commands”.

•

Virtual Disk Images (VDIs) are an on-disk representation of a virtual disk provided to a VM. VDIs are the

fundamental unit of virtualized storage in XenServer.

Similar to SRs, VDIs are persistent, on-disk objects that exist independently of XenServer Hosts. CLI

operations to manage VDIs are presented in Section 5.4.19, “VDI commands”.

•

Virtual Block Devices (VBDs) are a connector object (similar to the PBD described above) that allows

mappings between VDIs and Virtual Machines (VMs). In addition to providing a mechanism to attach (or

plug) a VDI into a VM, VBDs allow the fine-tuning of parameters regarding QoS (quality of service), statis-

tics, and the bootability of a given VDI. CLI operations relating to VBDs are described in Section 5.4.18,

“VBD commands”.

3.2. Storage Repository Types

This section provides descriptions of the physical storage types that XenServer supports. Device configu-

ration options and examples of creating SRs are given for each type.

SR type

Description

Shared?

Sparse?

VDI Resize?

Fast Clone?

ext

VHD on Local Disk

yes

nfs

VHD on Network File System

yes

lvm

Logical Volume Management on

Local Disk

yes