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Use effect presets, Techniques for restoring audio

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USING ADOBE AUDITION 101 Effects reference Before mastering audio, consider the requirements of the destination medium. If the destination is the web, for example, the file will likely be played over computer speakers that poorly reproduce bass sounds. To compensate, you can boost bass frequencies during the equalization stage of the mastering process. Equalizer Adjusts the overall tonal balance. • Graph Shows frequency along the horizontal ruler (x-axis) and amplitude along the vertical ruler (y-axis), with the curve representing the amplitude change at specific frequencies. Frequencies in the graph range from lowest to highest in a logarithmic fashion (evenly spaced by octaves). Drag control points in the graph to visually adjust the settings below. • Low Shelf and High Shelf Enable Activate shelving filters at either end of the frequency spectrum. • Peaking Enable Activates a peaking filter in the center of the frequency spectrum. • Hz Indicates the center frequency of each frequency band. • dB Indicates the level of each frequency band. • Q Controls the width of the affected frequency band. Low Q values (up to 3) affect a larger range of frequencies and are best for overall audio enhancement. High Q values (6-12) affect a very narrow band and are ideal for removing a particular, problematic frequency, like 60-Hz hum. Reverb Adds ambience. Drag the Amount slider to change the ratio of original to reverberant sound. Exciter Exaggerates high-frequency harmonics, adding crispness and clarity. Mode options include Retro for light distortion, Tape for bright tone, and Tube for quick, dynamic response. Drag the Amount slider to adjust the level of processing. Widener Adjusts the stereo image (disabled for mono audio). Drag the Width slider to the left to narrow the image and increase central focus. Drag the slider to the right to expand the image and enhance spatial placement of individual sounds. Loudness Maximizer Applies a limiter that reduces dynamic range, boosting perceived levels. A setting of 0% reflects original levels; 100% applies maximum limiting. Output Gain Determines output levels after processing. For example, to compensate for EQ adjustments that reduce overall level, boost the output gain. More Help topics "Techniques for restoring audio" on page 86 "Match volume across multiple files" on page 56 "Applying effects in the Waveform Editor" on page 62 "Applying effects in the Multitrack Editor" on page 63 "Use effect presets" on page 61 Last updated 2/16/2012

Section	Page
Legal notices	2
Contents	3
Chapter 1: What’s new	5
Chapter 2: Digital audio fundamentals	7
Understanding sound	7
Sound waves	7
Waveform measurements	7
How sound waves interact	8
Digitizing audio	9
Comparing analog and digital audio	9
Understanding sample rate	9
Understanding bit depth	10
Measuring amplitude in dBFS	10
Audio file contents and size	10
How Adobe Audition digitizes audio	11
Chapter 3: Workspace and setup	12
Viewing, zooming, and navigating audio	12
Comparing the Waveform and Multitrack editors	12
Basic components of the editors	12
Switch editors	13
Zoom audio in the Editor panel	13
Navigate through time	14
Navigate by scrolling	15
Navigate with the Selection/View panel	15
Customizing workspaces	15
About workspaces	15
Choose a workspace	16
Dock, group, or float panels	16
Resize panel groups	18
Open, close, and scroll to panels	19
Working with multiple monitors	20
Display the toolbar	20
Display the status bar	20
Change interface colors, brightness, and performance	21
Save, reset, or delete workspaces	22
Connecting to audio hardware	22
Configure audio inputs and outputs	22
Assign file channels to inputs and outputs	23
Customizing and saving application settings	23
Customize preferences	23
Restore preferences to default settings	24
Export and import customized application settings	24
Chapter 4: Importing, recording, and playing audio	25
Creating and opening files	25
Create a new, blank audio file	25
Create a new multitrack session	25
Open existing audio files and multitrack mixes	26
Import a file as raw data	26
Insert an audio file into a multitrack session	27
Spot-insert a Broadcast Wave file into a session	27
Importing with the Files panel	27
Import files into the Files panel	28
Insert from the Files panel into a multitrack session	28
Change displayed metadata in the Files panel	28
Supported import formats	28
Audio file formats	28
Video file formats	29
Extracting audio from CDs	30
Extract CD tracks with the Extract Audio From CD command	30
Extract CD tracks with the Open command (Mac OS)	30
Navigating time and playing audio	31
Monitoring time	31
Position the current-time indicator	31
Preview audio by scrubbing	32
Play audio linearly or in a loop	32
Synchronize the current-time indicator across files or views	32
Change the time display format	33
Recording audio	33
Record audio in the Waveform Editor	34
Correct DC offset	34
Direct-to-file recording in the Multitrack Editor	34
Record audio clips in the Multitrack Editor	34
Punch into a selected range in the Multitrack Editor	35
Punch in during playback in the Multitrack Editor	36
Choose punch-in takes	36
Monitoring recording and playback levels	36
Level meters overview	36
Customize level meters	37
Adjust recording levels for standard sound cards	37
Chapter 5: Editing audio files	39
Displaying audio in the Waveform Editor	39
View audio waveforms and spectrums	39
About the waveform display	39
About the spectral display	40
View layered or uniquely colored waveform channels	41
Customize the spectral display	41
Change the vertical scale	42
Selecting audio	42
Select time ranges	42
Select spectral ranges	43
Select artifacts and repair them automatically	44
Select all of a waveform	45
Specify which channels you want to edit	45
Adjust a selection to zero-crossing points	45
Snap to markers, rulers, frames, and zero crossings	46
Copying, cutting, pasting, and deleting audio	46
Copy or cut audio data	46
Paste audio data	47
Mix audio data when pasting	47
Delete or crop audio	47
Visually fading and changing amplitude	47
Visually fade in or out	48
Visually raise or lower amplitude	49
Pin or hide the visual amplitude control	49
Working with markers	49
Add, select, and rename markers	50
Adjust, merge, convert, or delete markers	50
Save audio between markers to new files	51
Creating playlists	52
Inverting, reversing, and silencing audio	52
Invert a waveform	52
Reverse a waveform	53
Create silence	53
Analyzing phase, frequency, and amplitude	53
Analyze phase	53
Analyze frequency range	54
Frequency Analysis options	54
Zoom frequency graphs	55
Analyze amplitude	55
General options	56
RMS Settings options	56
Converting sample types	57
Hear a file in a different sample rate	57
Convert the sample rate of a file	57
Convert a waveform between surround, stereo, and mono	57
Change the bit depth of a file	58
Use sample rate conversion presets	59
Automating common tasks	59
Favorites	59
Match volume across multiple files	60
Batch process files	61
Undo, redo, and history	62
Undo or redo changes	62
Compare history states	62
Chapter 6: Applying effects	63
Effects controls	63
Effects Rack overview	63
Controls unique to the Waveform Editor	63
Controls unique to the Multitrack Editor	63
Set input, output, and mix levels in racks	64
Insert, bypass, reorder, or remove effects in racks	64
Use effect presets	65
Control effect settings with graphs	65
About spline curves for graphs	65
Applying effects in the Waveform Editor	66
Apply groups of effects in the Waveform Editor	66
Apply individual effects in the Waveform Editor	66
About process effects	67
Applying effects in the Multitrack Editor	67
Apply effects to clips or tracks	67
Pre-render track effects to improve performance	68
Insert effects before or after sends and EQ	68
Adding third-party plug-ins	69
Chapter 7: Effects reference	71
Amplitude and compression effects	71
Amplify effect	71
Channel Mixer effect	71
DeEsser effect	71
Dynamics Processing effect	72
Dynamics tab	72
Settings tab	73
Hard Limiter effect	74
Multiband Compressor effect	74
Normalize effect (Waveform Editor only)	76
Single-band Compressor effect	77
Speech Volume Leveler effect	78
Tube-modeled Compressor effect	78
Volume Envelope effect (Waveform Editor only)	79
Delay and echo effects	80
Analog Delay effect	80
Delay effect	81
Echo effect	81
Diagnostics effects (Waveform Editor only)	82
Diagnose and repair, delete, or mark audio	82
DeClicker options	83
DeClipper options	83
Delete Silence and Mark Audio options	84
Filter and equalizer effects	84
FFT Filter effect	84
Graphic Equalizer effect	85
Parametric Equalizer effect	86
Modulation effects	87
Chorus effect	87
Chorus/Flanger effect	88
Flanger effect	89
Phaser effect	90
Noise reduction / restoration effects	90
Techniques for restoring audio	90
Noise Reduction effect (Waveform Editor only)	91
Apply the Noise Reduction effect	92
Noise Reduction options	92
Adaptive Noise Reduction effect	94
Automatic Click Remover effect	94
Automatic Phase Correction effect	95
DeHummer effect	95
Hiss Reduction effect (Waveform Editor only)	96
Reverb effects	98
Convolution Reverb effect	98
Full Reverb effect	99
Reverb Settings	99
Coloration options	100
Output Level options	100
Reverb effect	101
Studio Reverb effect	102
Surround Reverb effect	102
Special effects	103
Distortion effect	103
Guitar Suite effect	104
Mastering effect	104
Vocal Enhancer effect	106
Stereo imagery effects	106
Center Channel Extractor effect	106
Time and pitch manipulation effects	107
Stretch and Pitch effect (Waveform Editor only)	107
Chapter 8: Mixing multitrack sessions	109
Multitrack Editor overview	109
About multitrack sessions	109
Editing multitrack sessions in the Editor panel and Mixer	109
Select ranges in the Multitrack Editor	111
Customize start offset and time display for multitrack sessions	111
Basic multitrack controls	111
Understanding video, audio, bus, and master tracks	111
Choosing between mono, stereo, and 5.1 tracks	112
Add or delete tracks	112
Name or move tracks	112
Vertically zoom tracks	113
Mute and solo tracks	114
Apply an identical setting to all tracks	114
Set track output volume	114
Pan tracks in stereo	114
Duplicate tracks	115
Multitrack routing and EQ controls	115
Show or hide track routing and EQ controls	115
Assign audio inputs and outputs to tracks	116
Invert the polarity of an input	116
Routing audio to buses, sends, and the Master track	116
Set up a send	118
Equalize tracks	119
Arranging and editing multitrack clips	120
Select and move clips	120
Snap to clip endpoints	120
Copy a clip	120
Trimming and extending clips	121
Remove a selected range from clips	121
Collapse a gap between clips on a track	121
Trim or extend clips	121
Shift the contents of a trimmed or looped clip	121
Permanently edit a clip’s source file in the Waveform Editor	122
Split clips	122
Set audio clip properties	122
Looping clips	123
Access free loops from Resource Central	123
Snap to loop beats	124
Enable a looped clip and change its length	124
Clip volume matching, fading, and mixing	124
Match multitrack clip volume	125
Fade or crossfade multitrack clips	125
Fade a clip in or out	125
Crossfade overlapping clips	126
Fade options	126
Create a single audio clip from multiple clips	126
Create an audio clip from a bus or master track	127
Automating mixes with envelopes	127
Automating clip settings	127
Show or hide clip envelopes	128
Show or hide individual automation parameters	128
Automating track settings	128
Create track envelopes	129
Track Automation Mode options	129
Adjust automation with keyframes	130
Chapter 9: Video and surround sound	132
Working with video applications	132
Edit audio clips from Adobe Premiere Pro CS5.5 or After Effects	132
Export a multitrack mix to Premiere Pro CS5.5	132
Link sessions to exported mixdown files	133
Embed edit-original data in exported mixdown files	133
Edit a mixdown file via a video application	133
Importing video and working with video clips	134
Insert a video file into a multitrack session	134
Snap to frames in a video clip	135
Customize the Video panel	135
5.1 surround sound	135
Monitoring 5.1 surround sound	135
Edit 5.1 surround files	136
Pan tracks in a 5.1 surround mix	136
Pan sends to a 5.1 bus track	137
Chapter 10: Saving and exporting	138
Saving and exporting files	138
Save audio files	138
Extract audio channels to mono files	138
Save multitrack sessions	139
Export sessions to OMF or Final Cut Pro Interchange format	139
Export multitrack mixdown files	140
Audio format settings	141
AIFF format settings (aif, .aiff, *.aifc)	141
mp3 format settings	141
QuickTime format settings (audio-only *.mov)	141
Wave PCM format settings (.wav, .bwf)	141
Close files	142
Viewing and editing XMP metadata	142
About the Metadata panel and XMP	142
About schemas and properties	143
About the XMP standard	143
Show or hide XMP metadata	143
Save, switch, or delete metadata sets	143
Create schemas and properties	143
Edit XMP metadata	144
Search XMP metadata	144
Chapter 11: Keyboard shortcuts	145
Finding and customizing shortcuts	145
Find shortcuts	145
Customize shortcuts	145
Save or delete custom sets of shortcuts	145
Restore the default shortcuts	145
Default keyboard shortcuts	146
Keys for playing and zooming audio	146
Keys for editing audio files	146

Match case Limit results 1 per page

101

USING ADOBE AUDITION

Effects reference

Last updated 2/16/2012

Before mastering audio, consider the requirements of the destination medium. If the destination is the web, for

example, the file will likely be played over computer speakers that poorly reproduce bass sounds. To compensate, you

can boost bass frequencies during the equalization stage of the mastering process.

Equalizer

Adjusts the overall tonal balance.

•

Graph

Shows frequency along the horizontal ruler (x-axis) and amplitude along the vertical ruler (y-axis), with the

curve representing the amplitude change at specific frequencies. Frequencies in the graph range from lowest to highest

in a logarithmic fashion (evenly spaced by octaves).

Drag control points in the graph to visually adjust the settings below.

•

Low Shelf and High Shelf Enable

Activate shelving filters at either end of the frequency spectrum.

•

Peaking Enable

Activates a peaking filter in the center of the frequency spectrum.

•

Indicates the center frequency of each frequency band.

•

Indicates the level of each frequency band.

•

Controls the width of the affected frequency band. Low Q values (up to 3) affect a larger range of frequencies and

are best for overall audio enhancement. High Q values (6–12) affect a very narrow band and are ideal for removing a

particular, problematic frequency, like 60-Hz hum.

Reverb

Adds ambience. Drag the Amount slider to change the ratio of original to reverberant sound.

Exciter

Exaggerates high-frequency harmonics, adding crispness and clarity. Mode options include Retro for light

distortion, Tape for bright tone, and Tube for quick, dynamic response. Drag the Amount slider to adjust the level of

processing.

Widener

Adjusts the stereo image (disabled for mono audio). Drag the Width slider to the left to narrow the image

and increase central focus. Drag the slider to the right to expand the image and enhance spatial placement of individual

sounds.

Loudness Maximizer

Applies a limiter that reduces dynamic range, boosting perceived levels. A setting of 0% reflects

original levels; 100% applies maximum limiting.

Output Gain

Determines output levels after processing. For example, to compensate for EQ adjustments that reduce

overall level, boost the output gain.