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Appendix C Wireless Networking Basics, Wireless Networking Overview, Infrastructure Mode

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Appendix C Wireless Networking Basics This chapter provides an overview of Wireless networking. Wireless Networking Overview The Wireless Range Extender conforms to the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 standard for wireless LANs (WLANs) and a product update will bring the WGX102 into conformance to the 802.11g standard when it is ratified. On an 802.11b or g wireless link, data is encoded using direct-sequence spread-spectrum (DSSS) technology and is transmitted in the unlicensed radio spectrum at 2.5GHz. The maximum data rate for the wireless link is 11 Mbps, but it will automatically back down from 11 Mbps to 5.5, 2, and 1 Mbps when the radio signal is weak or when interference is detected. The 802.11g auto rate sensing rates are 1, 2, 5.5, 6, 9, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, and 54 Mbps. The 802.11 standard is also called Wireless Ethernet or Wi-Fi by the Wireless Ethernet Compatibility Alliance (WECA, see http://www.wi-fi.net), an industry standard group promoting interoperability among 802.11 devices. The 802.11 standard offers two methods for configuring a wireless network - ad hoc and infrastructure. Infrastructure Mode With a wireless Access Point, you can operate the wireless LAN in the infrastructure mode. This mode provides wireless connectivity to multiple wireless network devices within a fixed range or area of coverage, interacting with wireless nodes via an antenna. Wireless Networking Basics C-1 202-10042-02 v1.1

Section	Page
Reference Manual for the 54 Mbps Wall-Plugged Wireless Range Extender WGX102	1
Product and Publication Details	3
Contents	5
Chapter 1 About This Manual	11
Audience, Scope, Conventions, and Formats	11
How to Use This Manual	12
How to Print this Manual	12
Chapter 2 Introduction	13
Key Features	13
802.11g Wireless Networking	14
Easy Installation and Management	14
Content Filtering in Router Mode	15
Maintenance and Support	15
Package Contents	15
Connectors, Reset Buttons, Ports, and Label Information	16
The WGX102 Wireless Unit	16
The Label on the Rear Panel of the WGX102	17
The WGX102 Bottom Panel	17
The XE102 Wall-Plugged Ethernet Bridge	18
The Label on the Rear Panel of the XE102	19
Chapter 3 Installing the Wireless Range Extender	21
How the Wireless Range Extender Fits in Your Network	21
Prepare to Install Your Wireless Range Extender	22
Default Factory Settings	22
First, Set Up the Powerline Network	23
Now, Add the WGX102 to Your Wireless Network	25
Plug and Play Installation	26
Custom WGX102 Setup	27
Test Your Wireless Connectivity	29
Basic Installation Troubleshooting Tips	29
Logging On to Configure the WGX102	30
Using the WGX102 Configuration Utility	32
Configuring the LAN IP Setup Options in Access Point Mode	36
Chapter 4 Powerline Network Configuration and Security	39
Understanding How the Powerline Network Password Works	39
Configuring the Powerline Network Password	40
Chapter 5 Wireless Configuration and Security	43
Observing Performance, Placement, and Range Guidelines	43
Implementing Appropriate Wireless Security	44
Wireless Data Security Options	44
Understanding Basic Wireless Settings	44
Information to Gather Before Changing Basic Wireless Settings	47
Default Factory Settings	48
Setting Up and Testing Basic Wireless Connectivity	49
WEP Security Options	51
WPA-PSK Wireless Security Options	53
Access List: Restricting Wireless Access by MAC Address	54
Chapter 6 Maintenance	57
Changing the Administrator Password	57
Viewing Access Point Status Information	58
Viewing Router Status Information	61
Viewing a List of Attached Devices	64
Configuration File Management	65
Backing Up the Configuration	65
Erasing the Configuration	66
Upgrading the Wireless Range Extender Software	66
Chapter 7 Advanced Configuration of the WGX102	69
Wireless Range Extender WGX102 Operating Modes	69
Default: Access Point Mode	70
Advanced Custom Setup: Router Mode	71
Router Mode WGX102 Internet Connection Setup	72
Router Mode Manual Internet Connection Configuration	78
Manual PPPoE Configuration	80
Manual PPTP Configuration	81
Configuring the WGX102 in Router Mode	84
Router Mode Port Triggering	85
Router Mode Port Forwarding to Local Servers	87
Adding a Custom Service	89
Local Web and FTP Server Example	89
Multiple Computers for Half Life, KALI or Quake III Example	90
Router Mode WAN Setup Options	91
Router Mode LAN IP Setup Options	92
Using the WGX102 in Router Mode as a DHCP server	95
Using Address Reservation in Router Mode	96
Router Mode Dynamic DNS	96
Router Mode Static Routes	97
Router Mode Remote Management Access	100
Router Mode Universal Plug and Play (UPnP)	101
Router Mode Content Filtering Overview	102
Router Mode Blocking Access to Internet Sites	102
Router Mode Blocking Access to Internet Services	104
Configuring a User Defined Service	105
Configuring Services Blocking by IP Address Range	106
Router Mode Scheduling When Blocking is Enforced	106
Router Mode Logs of Web Access or Attempted Web Access	107
Router Mode E-Mail Alert and Web Access Log Notifications	108
Chapter 8 Troubleshooting	111
NETGEAR Product Registration, Support, and Documentation	111
Basic Functioning	111
Power Light Not On	112
HomePlug/Internet or Wireless Port Lights Not On	112
Troubleshooting the Web Configuration Interface	112
Troubleshooting the Router Mode Only ISP Connection	113
Troubleshooting Router Mode on a TCP/IP Network Using a Ping Utility	115
Testing the LAN Path to the WGX102	115
Testing the Path from Your Computer to a Remote Device	116
Restoring the Default WGX102 Configuration and Password	117
Problems with Router Mode Only Date and Time	117
Appendix A Technical Specifications	119
Appendix B Network, Routing, Firewall, and Basics	123
Related Publications	123
Basic Router Concepts	123
What is a Router?	123
Routing Information Protocol	124
IP Addresses and the Internet	124
Netmask	126
Subnet Addressing	127
Private IP Addresses	129
Single IP Address Operation Using NAT	130
MAC Addresses and Address Resolution Protocol	131
Related Documents	131
Domain Name Server	132
IP Configuration by DHCP	132
Internet Security and Firewalls	132
What is a Firewall?	133
Stateful Packet Inspection	133
Denial of Service Attack	133
Ethernet Cabling	133
Category 5 Cable Quality	134
Inside Twisted Pair Cables	135
Uplink Switches, Crossover Cables, and MDI/MDIX Switching	136
Appendix C Wireless Networking Basics	139
Wireless Networking Overview	139
Infrastructure Mode	139
Ad Hoc Mode (Peer-to-Peer Workgroup)	140
Network Name: Extended Service Set Identification (ESSID)	140
Authentication and WEP	141
802.11 Authentication	141
Open System Authentication	142
Shared Key Authentication	142
Overview of WEP Parameters	143
Key Size	144
WEP Configuration Options	145
Wireless Channels	145
WPA Wireless Security	146
How Does WPA Compare to WEP?	147
How Does WPA Compare to IEEE 802.11i?	148
What are the Key Features of WPA Security?	148
WPA Authentication: Enterprise-level User Authentication via 802.1x/EAP and RADIUS	150
WPA Data Encryption Key Management	152
Is WPA Perfect?	154
Product Support for WPA	154
Supporting a Mixture of WPA and WEP Wireless Clients is Discouraged	154
Changes to Wireless Access Points	155
Changes to Wireless Network Adapters	155
Changes to Wireless Client Programs	156
Glossary	157
List of Glossary Terms	157

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Wireless Networking Basics

C-1

202-10042-02 v1.1

Appendix C

Wireless Networking Basics

This chapter provides an overview of Wireless networking.

Wireless Networking Overview

The Wireless Range Extender conforms to the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

(IEEE) 802.11 standard for wireless LANs (WLANs) and a product update will bring the

WGX102 into conformance to the 802.11g standard when it is ratified. On an 802.11b or g

wireless link, data is encoded using direct-sequence spread-spectrum (DSSS) technology and is

transmitted in the unlicensed radio spectrum at 2.5GHz. The maximum data rate for the wireless

link is 11 Mbps, but it will automatically back down from 11 Mbps to 5.5, 2, and 1 Mbps when the

radio signal is weak or when interference is detected. The 802.11g auto rate sensing rates are 1, 2,

5.5, 6, 9, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, and 54 Mbps.

The 802.11 standard is also called Wireless Ethernet or Wi-Fi by the Wireless Ethernet

Compatibility Alliance (WECA, see

http://www.wi-fi.net

), an industry standard group promoting

interoperability among 802.11 devices. The 802.11 standard offers two methods for configuring a

wireless network — ad hoc and infrastructure.

Infrastructure Mode

With a wireless Access Point, you can operate the wireless LAN in the infrastructure mode. This

mode provides wireless connectivity to multiple wireless network devices within a fixed range or

area of coverage, interacting with wireless nodes via an antenna.