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Technical Reference, 11.5.1 WAN IP Address Assignment, 11.5.2 Spanning Tree Protocol (STP)

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Chapter 11 IP Screen 11.5 Technical Reference This section provides the technical background information about the topics covered in this chapter. 11.5.1 WAN IP Address Assignment Every computer on the Internet must have a unique IP address. If your networks are isolated from the Internet (only between your two branch offices, for instance) you can assign any IP addresses to the hosts without problems. However, the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) has reserved the following three blocks of IP addresses specifically for private networks. Table 34 Private IP Address Ranges 10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255 172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255 192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255 You can obtain your IP address from the IANA, from an ISP or have it assigned by a private network. If you belong to a small organization and your Internet access is through an ISP, the ISP can provide you with the Internet addresses for your local networks. On the other hand, if you are part of a much larger organization, you should consult your network administrator for the appropriate IP addresses. Note: Regardless of your particular situation, do not create an arbitrary IP address; always follow the guidelines above. For more information on address assignment, please refer to RFC 1597, Address Allocation for Private Internets and RFC 1466, Guidelines for Management of IP Address Space. 11.5.2 Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) detects and breaks network loops and provides backup links between switches, bridges or routers. It allows a bridge to interact with other STP-compliant bridges in your network to ensure that only one route exists between any two stations on the network. 11.5.2.1 Rapid STP The NWA uses IEEE 802.1w RSTP (Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol) that allow faster convergence of the spanning tree (while also being backwards compatible with STP-only aware bridges). Using RSTP topology change information does not have to propagate to the root bridge and unwanted learned addresses are flushed from the filtering database. In RSTP, the port states are Discarding, Learning, and Forwarding. 11.5.2.2 STP Terminology The root bridge is the base of the spanning tree; it is the bridge with the lowest identifier value (MAC address). NWA1100-N User's Guide 107

Section	Page
NWA1100-N	1
About This User's Guide	3
Document Conventions	5
Safety Warnings	7
Contents Overview	9
Table of Contents	11
User’s Guide	17
Introducing the NWA	19
1.1 Introducing the NWA	19
1.2 Applications for the NWA	19
1.2.1 Access Point	20
1.2.2 Bridge / Repeater	20
1.2.3 AP + Bridge	22
1.2.4 Wireless Client	23
1.2.5 MBSSID	24
1.3 Ways to Manage the NWA	25
1.4 Configuring Your NWA’s Security Features	25
1.4.1 Control Access to Your Device	25
1.4.2 Wireless Security	25
1.5 Good Habits for Managing the NWA	26
1.6 Hardware Connections	26
1.7 LEDs	27
Introducing the Web Configurator	29
2.1 Accessing the Web Configurator	29
2.2 Resetting the NWA	30
2.2.1 Methods of Restoring Factory-Defaults	30
2.3 Navigating the Web Configurator	30
Status Screens	33
3.1 The Status Screen	33
3.1.1 System Statistics Screen	35
Tutorial	37
4.1 How to Configure the Wireless LAN	37
4.1.1 Choosing the Wireless Mode	37
4.1.2 Wireless LAN Configuration Overview	37
4.1.3 Further Reading	38
4.2 How to Configure Multiple Wireless Networks	39
4.2.1 Configure the SSID Profiles	40
4.2.2 Configure the Standard Network	42
4.2.3 Configure the VoIP Network	43
4.2.4 Configure the Guest Network	45
4.2.5 Testing the Wireless Networks	46
4.3 NWA Setup in AP and Wireless Client Modes	47
4.3.1 Scenario	47
4.3.2 Configuring the NWA in Access Point Mode	47
4.3.3 Configuring the NWA in Wireless Client Mode	50
4.3.4 MAC Filter Setup	51
4.3.5 Testing the Connection and Troubleshooting	52
Technical Reference	53
System Screens	55
5.1 Overview	55
5.2 What You Can Do in this Chapter	55
5.3 What You Need To Know	55
5.4 General Screen	57
5.4.1 Password Screen	57
5.5 Time Screen	58
5.6 Technical Reference	59
5.6.1 Pre-defined NTP Time Servers List	59
Wireless Settings Screen	60
6.1 Overview	60
6.2 What You Can Do in this Chapter	60
6.3 What You Need To Know	61
6.4 Wireless Settings Screen	62
6.4.1 Access Point Mode	63
6.4.2 Bridge / Repeater Mode	65
6.4.3 AP + Bridge Mode	69
6.4.4 Wireless Client Mode	70
6.4.5 MBSSID Mode	73
6.5 Technical Reference	75
6.5.1 WMM QoS	75
6.5.2 Spanning Tree Protocol (STP)	76
6.5.3 Additional Wireless Terms	77
SSID Screen	79
7.1 Overview	79
7.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter	79
7.1.2 What You Need To Know	79
7.2 The SSID Screen	80
7.2.1 Configuring SSID	81
7.3 Technical Reference	82
7.3.1 WMM QoS	82
7.3.2 Type Of Service (ToS)	83
Wireless Security Screen	85
8.1 Overview	85
8.2 What You Can Do in this Chapter	85
8.3 What You Need To Know	86
8.4 The Security Screen	87
8.4.1 Security: WEP	89
8.4.2 Security: 802.1x Only	90
8.4.3 Security: 802.1x Static 64-bit, 802.1x Static 128-bit, 802.1x Static 152- bit	92
8.4.4 Security: WPA	93
8.4.5 Security: WPA2 or WPA2-MIX	95
8.4.6 Security: WPA-PSK, WPA2-PSK, WPA2-PSK-MIX	97
8.5 Technical Reference	98
RADIUS Screen	99
9.1 Overview	99
9.2 What You Can Do in this Chapter	99
9.3 What You Need to Know	99
9.4 The RADIUS Screen	100
MAC Filter Screen	102
10.1 Overview	102
10.2 What You Can Do in this Chapter	102
10.3 What You Need To Know	102
10.4 MAC Filter Screen	103
IP Screen	105
11.1 Overview	105
11.2 What You Can Do in this Chapter	105
11.3 What You Need to Know	105
11.4 IP Screen	106
11.5 Technical Reference	107
11.5.1 WAN IP Address Assignment	107
11.5.2 Spanning Tree Protocol (STP)	107
Remote Management	109
12.1 Overview	109
12.2 What You Can Do in this Chapter	109
12.3 What You Need To Know	110
12.4 The Telnet Screen	112
12.5 The FTP Screen	112
12.6 The WWW Screen	113
12.7 The SNMP Screen	115
12.8 Technical Reference	116
12.8.1 MIB	116
12.8.2 Supported MIBs	116
12.8.3 SNMP Traps	117
Certificate Screen	119
13.1 Overview	119
13.2 What You Can Do in this Chapter	119
13.3 What You Need To Know	119
13.4 Certificate Screen	120
13.5 Technical Reference	120
13.5.1 Private-Public Certificates	120
13.5.2 Certification Authorities	121
13.5.3 Checking the Fingerprint of a Certificate on Your Computer	121
Log Screens	123
14.1 Overview	123
14.2 What You Can Do in this Chapter	123
14.3 What You Need To Know	124
14.4 View Log Screen	124
14.5 Log Settings Screen	125
Maintenance	129
15.1 Overview	129
15.2 What You Can Do in this Chapter	129
15.3 What You Need To Know	129
15.4 Association List Screen	129
15.5 Channel Usage Screen	130
15.6 F/W Upload Screen	131
15.7 Configuration File Screen	133
15.7.1 Backup Configuration	133
15.7.2 Restore Configuration	133
15.7.3 Back to Factory Defaults	135
15.8 Restart Screen	135
Troubleshooting	137
16.1 Power, Hardware Connections, and LEDs	137
16.2 NWA Access and Login	138
16.3 Internet Access	139
Product Specifications	141
Power over Ethernet (PoE) Specifications	142
Setting Up Your Computer’s IP Address	143
Pop-up Windows, JavaScript and Java Permissions	171
IP Addresses and Subnetting	183
Wireless LANs	191
Text File Based Auto Configuration	205
Open Software Announcements	207
Legal Information	237

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Chapter 11 IP Screen

NWA1100-N User’s Guide

107

11.5

Technical Reference

This section provides the technical background information about the topics covered in this chapter.

11.5.1

WAN IP Address Assignment

Every computer on the Internet must have a unique IP address. If your networks are isolated from

the Internet (only between your two branch offices, for instance) you can assign any IP addresses

to the hosts without problems. However, the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) has

reserved the following three blocks of IP addresses specifically for private networks.

You can obtain your IP address from the IANA, from an ISP or have it assigned by a private

network. If you belong to a small organization and your Internet access is through an ISP, the ISP

can provide you with the Internet addresses for your local networks. On the other hand, if you are

part of a much larger organization, you should consult your network administrator for the

appropriate IP addresses.

Note: Regardless of your particular situation, do not create an arbitrary IP address;

always follow the guidelines above. For more information on address assignment,

please refer to RFC 1597, Address Allocation for Private Internets and RFC 1466,

Guidelines for Management of IP Address Space.

11.5.2

Spanning Tree Protocol (STP)

Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) detects and breaks network loops and provides backup links between

switches, bridges or routers. It allows a bridge to interact with other STP-compliant bridges in your

network to ensure that only one route exists between any two stations on the network.

11.5.2.1

Rapid STP

The NWA uses IEEE 802.1w RSTP (Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol) that allow faster convergence of

the spanning tree (while also being backwards compatible with STP-only aware bridges). Using

RSTP topology change information does not have to propagate to the root bridge and unwanted

learned addresses are flushed from the filtering database. In RSTP, the port states are Discarding,

Learning, and Forwarding.

11.5.2.2

STP Terminology

The root bridge is the base of the spanning tree; it is the bridge with the lowest identifier value

(MAC address).

Table 34

Private IP Address Ranges

10.0.0.0

10.255.255.255

172.16.0.0

172.31.255.255

192.168.0.0

192.168.255.255