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Table 35, Link Speed, Recommended, Value, Range, Allowed, Port States, Descriptions

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Chapter 11 IP Screen Path cost is the cost of transmitting a frame onto a LAN through that port. It is assigned according to the speed of the link to which a port is attached. The slower the media, the higher the cost - see the following table. Table 35 STP Path Costs LINK SPEED Path Cost Path Cost Path Cost Path Cost Path Cost Path Cost 4Mbps 10Mbps 16Mbps 100Mbps 1Gbps 10Gbps RECOMMENDED RECOMMENDED ALLOWED VALUE RANGE RANGE 250 100 to 1000 1 to 65535 100 50 to 600 1 to 65535 62 40 to 400 1 to 65535 19 10 to 60 1 to 65535 4 3 to 10 1 to 65535 2 1 to 5 1 to 65535 On each bridge, the root port is the port through which this bridge communicates with the root. It is the port on this switch with the lowest path cost to the root (the root path cost). If there is no root port, then this bridge has been accepted as the root bridge of the spanning tree network. For each LAN segment, a designated bridge is selected. This bridge has the lowest cost to the root among the bridges connected to the LAN. 11.5.2.3 How STP Works After a bridge determines the lowest cost-spanning tree with STP, it enables the root port and the ports that are the designated ports for connected LANs, and disables all other ports that participate in STP. Network packets are therefore only forwarded between enabled ports, eliminating any possible network loops. STP-aware bridges exchange Bridge Protocol Data Units (BPDUs) periodically. When the bridged LAN topology changes, a new spanning tree is constructed. Once a stable network topology has been established, all bridges listen for Hello BPDUs (Bridge Protocol Data Units) transmitted from the root bridge. If a bridge does not get a Hello BPDU after a predefined interval (Max Age), the bridge assumes that the link to the root bridge is down. This bridge then initiates negotiations with other bridges to reconfigure the network to re-establish a valid network topology. 11.5.2.4 STP Port States STP assigns five port states (see next table) to eliminate packet looping. A bridge port is not allowed to go directly from blocking state to forwarding state so as to eliminate transient loops. Table 36 STP Port States PORT STATES DESCRIPTIONS Disabled STP is disabled (default). Blocking Only configuration and management BPDUs are received and processed. Listening All BPDUs are received and processed. Learning All BPDUs are received and processed. Information frames are submitted to the learning process but not forwarded. Forwarding All BPDUs are received and processed. All information frames are received and forwarded. 108 NWA1100-N User's Guide

Section	Page
NWA1100-N	1
About This User's Guide	3
Document Conventions	5
Safety Warnings	7
Contents Overview	9
Table of Contents	11
User’s Guide	17
Introducing the NWA	19
1.1 Introducing the NWA	19
1.2 Applications for the NWA	19
1.2.1 Access Point	20
1.2.2 Bridge / Repeater	20
1.2.3 AP + Bridge	22
1.2.4 Wireless Client	23
1.2.5 MBSSID	24
1.3 Ways to Manage the NWA	25
1.4 Configuring Your NWA’s Security Features	25
1.4.1 Control Access to Your Device	25
1.4.2 Wireless Security	25
1.5 Good Habits for Managing the NWA	26
1.6 Hardware Connections	26
1.7 LEDs	27
Introducing the Web Configurator	29
2.1 Accessing the Web Configurator	29
2.2 Resetting the NWA	30
2.2.1 Methods of Restoring Factory-Defaults	30
2.3 Navigating the Web Configurator	30
Status Screens	33
3.1 The Status Screen	33
3.1.1 System Statistics Screen	35
Tutorial	37
4.1 How to Configure the Wireless LAN	37
4.1.1 Choosing the Wireless Mode	37
4.1.2 Wireless LAN Configuration Overview	37
4.1.3 Further Reading	38
4.2 How to Configure Multiple Wireless Networks	39
4.2.1 Configure the SSID Profiles	40
4.2.2 Configure the Standard Network	42
4.2.3 Configure the VoIP Network	43
4.2.4 Configure the Guest Network	45
4.2.5 Testing the Wireless Networks	46
4.3 NWA Setup in AP and Wireless Client Modes	47
4.3.1 Scenario	47
4.3.2 Configuring the NWA in Access Point Mode	47
4.3.3 Configuring the NWA in Wireless Client Mode	50
4.3.4 MAC Filter Setup	51
4.3.5 Testing the Connection and Troubleshooting	52
Technical Reference	53
System Screens	55
5.1 Overview	55
5.2 What You Can Do in this Chapter	55
5.3 What You Need To Know	55
5.4 General Screen	57
5.4.1 Password Screen	57
5.5 Time Screen	58
5.6 Technical Reference	59
5.6.1 Pre-defined NTP Time Servers List	59
Wireless Settings Screen	60
6.1 Overview	60
6.2 What You Can Do in this Chapter	60
6.3 What You Need To Know	61
6.4 Wireless Settings Screen	62
6.4.1 Access Point Mode	63
6.4.2 Bridge / Repeater Mode	65
6.4.3 AP + Bridge Mode	69
6.4.4 Wireless Client Mode	70
6.4.5 MBSSID Mode	73
6.5 Technical Reference	75
6.5.1 WMM QoS	75
6.5.2 Spanning Tree Protocol (STP)	76
6.5.3 Additional Wireless Terms	77
SSID Screen	79
7.1 Overview	79
7.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter	79
7.1.2 What You Need To Know	79
7.2 The SSID Screen	80
7.2.1 Configuring SSID	81
7.3 Technical Reference	82
7.3.1 WMM QoS	82
7.3.2 Type Of Service (ToS)	83
Wireless Security Screen	85
8.1 Overview	85
8.2 What You Can Do in this Chapter	85
8.3 What You Need To Know	86
8.4 The Security Screen	87
8.4.1 Security: WEP	89
8.4.2 Security: 802.1x Only	90
8.4.3 Security: 802.1x Static 64-bit, 802.1x Static 128-bit, 802.1x Static 152- bit	92
8.4.4 Security: WPA	93
8.4.5 Security: WPA2 or WPA2-MIX	95
8.4.6 Security: WPA-PSK, WPA2-PSK, WPA2-PSK-MIX	97
8.5 Technical Reference	98
RADIUS Screen	99
9.1 Overview	99
9.2 What You Can Do in this Chapter	99
9.3 What You Need to Know	99
9.4 The RADIUS Screen	100
MAC Filter Screen	102
10.1 Overview	102
10.2 What You Can Do in this Chapter	102
10.3 What You Need To Know	102
10.4 MAC Filter Screen	103
IP Screen	105
11.1 Overview	105
11.2 What You Can Do in this Chapter	105
11.3 What You Need to Know	105
11.4 IP Screen	106
11.5 Technical Reference	107
11.5.1 WAN IP Address Assignment	107
11.5.2 Spanning Tree Protocol (STP)	107
Remote Management	109
12.1 Overview	109
12.2 What You Can Do in this Chapter	109
12.3 What You Need To Know	110
12.4 The Telnet Screen	112
12.5 The FTP Screen	112
12.6 The WWW Screen	113
12.7 The SNMP Screen	115
12.8 Technical Reference	116
12.8.1 MIB	116
12.8.2 Supported MIBs	116
12.8.3 SNMP Traps	117
Certificate Screen	119
13.1 Overview	119
13.2 What You Can Do in this Chapter	119
13.3 What You Need To Know	119
13.4 Certificate Screen	120
13.5 Technical Reference	120
13.5.1 Private-Public Certificates	120
13.5.2 Certification Authorities	121
13.5.3 Checking the Fingerprint of a Certificate on Your Computer	121
Log Screens	123
14.1 Overview	123
14.2 What You Can Do in this Chapter	123
14.3 What You Need To Know	124
14.4 View Log Screen	124
14.5 Log Settings Screen	125
Maintenance	129
15.1 Overview	129
15.2 What You Can Do in this Chapter	129
15.3 What You Need To Know	129
15.4 Association List Screen	129
15.5 Channel Usage Screen	130
15.6 F/W Upload Screen	131
15.7 Configuration File Screen	133
15.7.1 Backup Configuration	133
15.7.2 Restore Configuration	133
15.7.3 Back to Factory Defaults	135
15.8 Restart Screen	135
Troubleshooting	137
16.1 Power, Hardware Connections, and LEDs	137
16.2 NWA Access and Login	138
16.3 Internet Access	139
Product Specifications	141
Power over Ethernet (PoE) Specifications	142
Setting Up Your Computer’s IP Address	143
Pop-up Windows, JavaScript and Java Permissions	171
IP Addresses and Subnetting	183
Wireless LANs	191
Text File Based Auto Configuration	205
Open Software Announcements	207
Legal Information	237

Match case Limit results 1 per page

Chapter 11 IP Screen

NWA1100-N User’s Guide

108

Path cost is the cost of transmitting a frame onto a LAN through that port. It is assigned according

to the speed of the link to which a port is attached. The slower the media, the higher the cost - see

the following table.

On each bridge, the root port is the port through which this bridge communicates with the root. It is

the port on this switch with the lowest path cost to the root (the root path cost). If there is no root

port, then this bridge has been accepted as the root bridge of the spanning tree network.

For each LAN segment, a designated bridge is selected. This bridge has the lowest cost to the root

among the bridges connected to the LAN.

11.5.2.3

How STP Works

After a bridge determines the lowest cost-spanning tree with STP, it enables the root port and the

ports that are the designated ports for connected LANs, and disables all other ports that participate

in STP. Network packets are therefore only forwarded between enabled ports, eliminating any

possible network loops.

STP-aware bridges exchange Bridge Protocol Data Units (BPDUs) periodically. When the bridged

LAN topology changes, a new spanning tree is constructed.

Once a stable network topology has been established, all bridges listen for Hello BPDUs (Bridge

Protocol Data Units) transmitted from the root bridge. If a bridge does not get a Hello BPDU after a

predefined interval (Max Age), the bridge assumes that the link to the root bridge is down. This

bridge then initiates negotiations with other bridges to reconfigure the network to re-establish a

valid network topology.

11.5.2.4

STP Port States

STP assigns five port states (see next table) to eliminate packet looping. A bridge port is not

allowed to go directly from blocking state to forwarding state so as to eliminate transient loops.

Table 35

STP Path Costs

LINK SPEED

RECOMMENDED

VALUE

RECOMMENDED

RANGE

ALLOWED

RANGE

Path Cost

4Mbps

250

100 to 1000

1 to 65535

Path Cost

10Mbps

100

50 to 600

1 to 65535

Path Cost

16Mbps

40 to 400

1 to 65535

Path Cost

100Mbps

10 to 60

1 to 65535

Path Cost

1Gbps

3 to 10

1 to 65535

Path Cost

10Gbps

1 to 5

1 to 65535

Table 36

STP Port States

PORT STATES

DESCRIPTIONS

Disabled

STP is disabled (default).

Blocking

Only configuration and management BPDUs are received and processed.

Listening

All BPDUs are received and processed.

Learning

All BPDUs are received and processed. Information frames are submitted to the

learning process but not forwarded.

Forwarding

All BPDUs are received and processed. All information frames are received and

forwarded.