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Subnet Masks, Table 79

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Appendix A IP Addresses and Subnetting The following figure shows an example IP address in which the first three octets (192.168.1) are the network number, and the fourth octet (16) is the host ID. Figure 117 Network Number and Host ID How much of the IP address is the network number and how much is the host ID varies according to the subnet mask. Subnet Masks A subnet mask is used to determine which bits are part of the network number, and which bits are part of the host ID (using a logical AND operation). The term "subnet" is short for "sub-network". A subnet mask has 32 bits. If a bit in the subnet mask is a "1" then the corresponding bit in the IP address is part of the network number. If a bit in the subnet mask is "0" then the corresponding bit in the IP address is part of the host ID. The following example shows a subnet mask identifying the network number (in bold text) and host ID of an IP address (192.168.1.2 in decimal). Table 79 IP Address Network Number and Host ID Example 1ST OCTET: 2ND OCTET: 3RD OCTET: 4TH OCTET IP Address (Binary) Subnet Mask (Binary) Network Number Host ID (192) (168) (1) (2) 11000000 10101000 00000001 00000010 11111111 11111111 11111111 00000000 11000000 10101000 00000001 00000010 254 P-2601HN(L)-F1 Series User's Guide

Section	Page
P-2601HN(L)-F1 Series	1
About This User's Guide	3
Document Conventions	5
Safety Warnings	7
Contents Overview	9
Table of Contents	11
User’s Guide	19
Introducing the ZyXEL Device	21
1.1 Overview	21
1.2 Applications for the ZyXEL Device	22
1.2.1 Internet Access	22
1.2.2 Internet Calls (VoIP)	22
1.2.3 Wireless Connection	23
1.3 Ways to Manage the ZyXEL Device	23
1.4 Good Habits for Managing the ZyXEL Device	24
1.5 LEDs (Lights)	24
1.6 The RESET Button	25
1.7 The WIRELESS ON/OFF Button	26
Introducing the Web Configurator	27
2.1 Overview	27
2.1.1 Accessing the Web Configurator	27
2.2 The Web Configurator Layout	30
2.2.1 Title Bar	31
2.2.2 Main Window	31
2.2.3 Navigation Panel	31
2.2.4 Status Bar	34
Tutorials	35
3.1 Overview	35
3.2 Setting Up Your DSL Connection	35
3.3 How to Set up a Wireless Network	38
3.3.1 Example Parameters	38
3.3.2 Configuring the AP	38
3.3.3 Configuring the Wireless Client	40
3.4 Setting Up NAT Port Forwarding	45
3.5 How to Make a VoIP Call	47
3.5.1 VoIP Calls With a Registered SIP Account	47
3.6 Configuring the MAC Address Filter	50
3.7 Configuring Static Route for Routing to Another Network	51
3.8 Configuring QoS Queue and Class Setup	53
3.9 Access the ZyXEL Device Using DDNS	56
3.9.1 Registering a DDNS Account on www.dyndns.org	57
3.9.2 Configuring DDNS on Your ZyXEL Device	57
3.9.3 Testing the DDNS Setting	58
Technical Reference	59
Connection Status and System Info Screens	61
4.1 Overview	61
4.2 The Connection Status Screen	61
4.3 The System Info Screen	63
Broadband	67
5.1 Overview	67
5.1.1 What You Need to Know	67
5.1.2 Before You Begin	68
5.2 The Broadband Screen	69
5.2.1 Add/Edit Broadband	70
5.3 Technical Reference	76
5.3.1 Encapsulation	76
5.3.2 Multiplexing	77
5.3.3 VPI and VCI	77
5.3.4 IP Address Assignment	77
5.3.5 NAT	78
5.4 Traffic Shaping	78
5.4.1 ATM Traffic Classes	79
Wireless	81
6.1 Overview	81
6.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter	81
6.1.2 Wireless Network Overview	81
6.1.3 Before You Begin	83
6.2 The Wireless General Screen	83
6.2.1 No Security	85
6.2.2 Basic (Static WEP/Shared WEP Encryption)	86
6.2.3 More Secure (WPA(2)-PSK)	88
6.2.4 WPA(2) Authentication	89
6.3 The More AP Screen	91
6.3.1 Edit More AP	92
6.4 The WPS Screen	93
6.5 The WMM Screen	95
6.6 Scheduling Screen	97
6.7 Technical Reference	97
6.7.1 Additional Wireless Terms	98
6.7.2 Wireless Security Overview	98
6.7.3 Signal Problems	101
6.7.4 BSS	101
6.7.5 MBSSID	102
6.7.6 WiFi Protected Setup (WPS)	103
Home Networking	111
7.1 Overview	111
7.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter	111
7.1.2 What You Need To Know	111
7.2 The LAN Setup Screen	113
7.3 The Static DHCP Screen	114
7.3.1 Before You Begin	115
7.4 The UPnP Screen	116
7.5 Technical Reference	117
7.6 Installing UPnP in Windows Example	119
7.7 Using UPnP in Windows XP Example	122
Routing	127
8.1 Overview	127
8.2 Configuring Static Route	128
8.2.1 Add/Edit Static Route	129
DNS Route	131
9.1 Overview	131
9.2 The DNS Route Screen	132
9.2.1 Add/Edit DNS Route Edit	132
Quality of Service (QoS)	135
10.1 Overview	135
10.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter	135
10.1.2 What You Need to Know	136
10.2 The QoS General Screen	136
10.3 The Queue Setup Screen	138
10.3.1 Add/Edit a QoS Queue	139
10.4 The Class Setup Screen	140
10.4.1 Add/Edit QoS Class	142
10.5 The QoS Monitor Screen	145
10.6 QoS Technical Reference	146
10.6.1 IEEE 802.1Q Tag	146
10.6.2 IP Precedence	147
10.6.3 DiffServ	147
Network Address Translation (NAT)	149
11.1 Overview	149
11.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter	149
11.1.2 What You Need To Know	149
11.2 The Port Forwarding Screen	150
11.2.1 The Port Forwarding Screen	151
11.2.2 The Port Forwarding Edit Screen	152
11.3 The Sessions Screen	153
11.4 Technical Reference	154
11.4.1 NAT Definitions	154
11.4.2 What NAT Does	155
11.4.3 How NAT Works	155
Dynamic DNS	157
12.1 Overview	157
12.1.1 What You Need To Know	157
12.2 The Dynamic DNS Screen	158
Firewall	159
13.1 Overview	159
13.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter	159
13.1.2 What You Need to Know	160
13.2 The General Screen	161
13.3 The Services Screen	161
13.4 Firewall Technical Reference	163
13.4.1 Guidelines For Enhancing Security With Your Firewall	163
13.4.2 Security Considerations	163
MAC Filter	165
14.1 Overview	165
14.1.1 What You Need to Know	165
14.2 The MAC Filter Screen	166
Certificates	167
15.1 Overview	167
15.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter	167
15.1.2 What You Need to Know	167
15.1.3 Verifying a Certificate	169
15.2 Local Certificates	170
15.3 Trusted CA	172
15.4 Trusted CA Import	173
15.5 View Certificate	173
VoIP	175
16.1 Overview	175
16.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter	175
16.1.2 What You Need to Know	176
16.1.3 Before You Begin	177
16.2 The SIP Service Provider Screen	177
16.3 The SIP Account Screen	181
16.3.1 Add/Edit SIP Account	183
16.4 The SIP Common Screen	186
16.5 The Phone Device Screen	187
16.5.1 Edit Phone Device	187
16.6 The Region Screen	188
16.7 The Call Rule Screen	189
16.8 The FXO Screen (“L” Models Only)	190
16.9 Technical Reference	191
16.9.1 VoIP	191
16.9.2 SIP	192
16.9.3 Quality of Service (QoS)	197
16.9.4 Phone Services Overview	198
Logs	203
17.1 Overview	203
17.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter	203
17.2 The Phone Log Screen	203
17.3 The VoIP Call History Screen	204
System Monitor	207
18.1 Overview	207
18.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter	207
18.2 The WAN Status Screen	207
18.3 The LAN Status Screen	208
18.4 The NAT Status Screen	209
18.5 The VoIP Status Screen	210
User Account	213
19.1 Overview	213
19.2 The User Account Screen	213
Remote MGMT	215
20.1 Overview	215
20.1.1 What You Need to Know	215
20.2 The Remote MGMT Screen	216
SNMP	217
21.1 Overview	217
21.2 The SNMP Screen	217
System	221
22.1 Overview	221
22.1.1 What You Need to Know	221
22.2 The System Screen	221
Time Setting	223
23.1 Overview	223
23.2 The Time Setting Screen	223
Log Setting	225
24.1 Overview	225
24.2 The Log Setting Screen	225
Firmware Upgrade	227
25.1 Overview	227
25.2 The Firmware Upgrade Screen	227
Backup/Restore	229
26.1 Overview	229
26.2 The Backup/Restore Screen	229
26.3 The Reboot Screen	231
Diagnostic	233
27.1 Overview	233
27.1.1 What You Can Do in this Chapter	233
27.2 The Ping Screen	233
27.3 The DSL Line Screen	234
Troubleshooting	237
28.1 Overview	237
28.2 Power, Hardware Connections, and LEDs	237
28.3 ZyXEL Device Access and Login	238
28.4 Internet Access	240
28.5 Phone Calls and VoIP	241
28.6 Wireless LAN Troubleshooting	242
Product Specifications	243
IP Addresses and Subnetting	253
Setting Up Your Computer’s IP Address	265
Pop-up Windows, JavaScript and Java Permissions	291
Wireless LANs	299
Common Services	323
Open Software Announcements	327
Legal Information	333