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Use NAT, Some NAT routers may include a SIP Application Layer Gateway ALG. An Application

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Chapter 6 SIP Some NAT routers may include a SIP Application Layer Gateway (ALG). An Application Layer Gateway (ALG) manages a specific protocol (such as SIP, H.323 or FTP) at the application layer. A SIP ALG allows SIP calls to pass through NAT by examining and translating IP addresses embedded in the data stream. When the P-2024 registers with the SIP register server, the SIP ALG translates the P-2024's private IP address inside the SIP data stream to a public IP address. You do not need to use STUN or an outbound proxy (see Section 6.1.7.4 on page 70) if your P-2024 is behind a SIP ALG. 6.1.7.2 Use NAT If you know the NAT router's public IP address and SIP port number, you can use the Use NAT feature to manually configure the P-2024 to use a them in the SIP messages. This eliminates the need for STUN or a SIP ALG. You must also configure the NAT router to forward traffic with this port number to the P-2024. 6.1.7.3 STUN STUN (Simple Traversal of User Datagram Protocol (UDP) through Network Address Translators) allows the P-2024 to find the presence and types of NAT routers and/or firewalls between it and the public Internet. STUN also allows the P-2024 to find the public IP address that NAT assigned, so the P-2024 can embed it in the SIP data stream. STUN does not work with symmetric NAT routers or firewalls. See RFC 3489 for details on STUN. The following figure shows how STUN works. 1 The P-2024 (A) sends SIP packets to the STUN server (B). 2 The STUN server (B) finds the public IP address and port number that the NAT router used on the P-2024's SIP packets and sends them to the P-2024. 3 The P-2024 uses the public IP address and port number in the SIP packets that it sends to the SIP server (C). Figure 26 STUN P-2024 User's Guide 69

Section	Page
User’s Guide	1
About This User's Guide	3
Document Conventions	4
Safety Warnings	6
Contents Overview	9
Table of Contents	11
List of Figures	17
List of Tables	21
Introduction and Wizard	25
Introducing the P-2024	27
1.1 Overview	27
1.2 Ways to Manage the P-2024	27
1.3 Good Habits for Managing the P-2024	28
1.4 Hardware	28
1.4.1 Ports	29
1.4.2 LEDs	29
1.4.3 Console Port	29
1.4.4 Digital Signal Processor Modules	30
1.5 Resetting the P-2024	31
Introducing the Web Configurator	33
2.1 Web Configurator Overview	33
2.2 Accessing the Web Configurator	33
2.3 Web Configurator Main Screen	35
2.3.1 Title Bar	35
2.3.2 Navigation Panel	36
2.3.3 Main Window	37
2.3.4 Status Bar	37
The Connection Wizard	39
3.1 Main Wizard Screen	39
3.1.1 Welcome	40
3.1.2 System Information	40
3.1.3 ISP Parameters	41
3.1.4 Your IP Address	43
3.1.5 WAN IP Address Assignment	43
3.1.6 Finish	46
Status Screens	47
4.1 Status Screen	47
4.2 Packet Statistics Window	50
4.3 VoIP Statistics Window	51
Network	55
WAN	57
5.1 WAN Overview	57
5.1.1 PPPoE Encapsulation	57
5.1.2 WAN IP Address Assignment	57
5.1.3 DNS Server Address Assignment	58
5.2 WAN Screens	58
5.2.1 WAN Internet Connection Screen (Ethernet)	58
5.2.2 WAN Internet Connection Screen (PPPoE)	59
5.2.3 WAN Advanced Screen	61
VoIP	63
SIP	65
6.1 SIP Overview	65
6.1.1 Introduction to VoIP	65
6.1.2 Introduction to SIP	65
6.1.3 SIP Identities	65
6.1.4 SIP Call Progression	66
6.1.5 SIP Client Server	66
6.1.6 RTP	68
6.1.7 NAT and SIP	68
6.1.8 Voice Coding	70
6.1.9 PSTN Call Setup Signaling	70
6.1.10 MWI (Message Waiting Indication)	71
6.1.11 Quality of Service (QoS)	71
6.2 SIP Screens	72
6.2.1 SIP Settings Screen	72
6.2.2 Advanced SIP Setup Screen	73
6.2.3 SIP QoS Screen	77
Phone	79
7.1 Analog Phone Overview	79
7.1.1 Voice Activity Detection/Silence Suppression/Comfort Noise	79
7.1.2 Echo Cancellation	79
7.1.3 Supplementary Phone Services Overview	79
7.2 Phone Screens	82
7.2.1 Analog Phone Screen	82
7.2.2 Advanced Analog Phone Setup Screen	83
7.2.3 Common Phone Settings Screen	84
7.2.4 Phone Region Screen	85
Phone Book	87
8.1 Incoming Call Policy Screen	87
Management	91
Remote Management	93
9.1 Remote Management Overview	93
9.1.1 Remote Management Limitations	93
9.1.2 System Timeout	94
9.2 Remote Management Screens	94
9.2.1 WWW Screen	94
9.2.2 Telnet Screen	94
9.2.3 FTP Screen	95
9.3 SNMP	96
9.3.1 Supported MIBs	97
9.3.2 SNMP Traps	97
9.3.3 Configuring SNMP	97
Maintenance, Troubleshooting and Specifications	99
System	101
10.1 General System Screen	101
10.2 Dynamic DNS	102
10.2.1 Dynamic DNS Screen	102
10.3 Time Setting Overview	104
10.3.1 Pre-defined NTP Time Servers List	104
10.3.2 Synchronizing with a Time Server	105
10.3.3 Time Settings Screen	105
Logs	107
11.1 Logs Overview	107
11.1.1 Alerts	107
11.1.2 Syslog Logs	107
11.2 Logs Screens	108
11.2.1 View Log Screen	108
11.2.2 Log Settings Screen	108
11.3 Log Message Descriptions	110
Tools	115
12.1 Firmware Screen	115
12.1.1 Firmware Upload Screens	116
12.2 Configuration Screen	117
12.2.1 Restore Configuration Screens	118
12.3 Restart Screen	119
Troubleshooting	121
13.1 Power, Hardware Connections, and LEDs	121
13.2 P-2024 Access and Login	122
13.3 Internet Access	123
13.4 Phone Calls and VoIP	124
Product Specifications	129
14.1 General P-2024 Specifications	129
14.2 Telco-50 Connector Pin Assignments	131
14.2.1 P-2024 Phone Port Pin Assignments	131
14.2.2 Telco-50 Cable Connector Pin Assignments	131
14.3 Console Port Pin Assignments	132
Appendices and Index	133
Setting up Your Computer’s IP Address	135
Pop-up Windows, JavaScripts and Java Permissions	151
Rack-mount Installation	157
IP Addresses and Subnetting	159
Command Interpreter	169
NetBIOS Filter Commands	173
Internal SPTGEN	175
Legal Information	191
Customer Support	195

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Chapter 6 SIP

P-2024 User’s Guide

Some NAT routers may include a SIP Application Layer Gateway (ALG). An Application

Layer Gateway (ALG) manages a specific protocol (such as SIP, H.323 or FTP) at the

application layer.

A SIP ALG allows SIP calls to pass through NAT by examining and translating IP addresses

embedded in the data stream.

When the P-2024 registers with the SIP register server, the SIP ALG translates the P-2024’s

private IP address inside the SIP data stream to a public IP address. You do not need to use

STUN or an outbound proxy (see

Section 6.1.7.4 on page 70

) if your P-2024 is behind a SIP

ALG.

6.1.7.2

Use NAT

If you know the NAT router’s public IP address and SIP port number, you can use the

Use

NAT

feature to manually configure the P-2024 to use a them in the SIP messages. This

eliminates the need for STUN or a SIP ALG.

You must also configure the NAT router to forward traffic with this port number to the P-2024.

6.1.7.3

STUN

STUN (Simple Traversal of User Datagram Protocol (UDP) through Network Address

Translators) allows the P-2024 to find the presence and types of NAT routers and/or firewalls

between it and the public Internet. STUN also allows the P-2024 to find the public IP address

that NAT assigned, so the P-2024 can embed it in the SIP data stream. STUN does not work

with symmetric NAT routers or firewalls. See RFC 3489 for details on STUN.

The following figure shows how STUN works.

The P-2024 (A) sends SIP packets to the STUN server (B).

The STUN server (B) finds the public IP address and port number that the NAT router

used on the P-2024’s SIP packets and sends them to the P-2024.

The P-2024 uses the public IP address and port number in the SIP packets that it sends to

the SIP server (C).

Figure 26

STUN