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Network Address Translation (NAT), Introduction, NAT Definitions

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Prestige 314 PLUS Broadband Sharing Gateway with 4-Port Switch Chapter 4 Network Address Translation (NAT) This chapter discusses how to configure NAT on the Prestige. 4.1 Introduction NAT (Network Address Translation - NAT, RFC 1631) is the translation of the IP address of a host in a packet, e.g., the source address of an outgoing packet, used within one network to a different IP address known within another network. 4.1.1 NAT Definitions Inside/outside denotes where a host is located relative to the Prestige, e.g., the workstations of your subscribers are the inside hosts, while the web servers on the Internet are the outside hosts. Global/local denotes the IP address of a host in a packet as the packet traverses a router, e.g., the local address refers to the IP address of a host when the packet is in the local network, while the global address refers to the IP address of the host when the same packet is traveling in the WAN side. Note that inside/outside refers to the location of a host, while global/local refers to the IP address of a host used in a packet. Thus, an inside local address (ILA) is the IP address of an inside host in a packet when the packet is still in the local network, while an inside global address (IGA) is the IP address of the same inside host when the packet is on the WAN side. The following table summarizes this information. Table 4-1 NAT Definitions TERM Inside Outside Local Global DEFINITION This refers to the host on the LAN. This refers to the host on the WAN. This refers to the packet address (source or destination) as the packet travels on the LAN. This refers to the packet address (source or destination) as the packet travels on the WAN. NAT 4-1

Section	Page
Copyright	2
Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Interference Statement	3
Information for Canadian Users	4
ZyXEL Limited Warranty	6
Customer Support	7
List of Figures	12
List of Diagrams	16
List of Charts	16
List of Tables	17
Preface	19
Getting to Know Your Prestige 314 PLUS	23
The Prestige Broadband Sharing Gateway With 4-Port Switch	23
Features of the Prestige 314 PLUS	23
Broadband Internet Access via Cable or DSL Modem	26
Internet Access Configuration Checklist	26
Hardware Installation & Initial Setup	29
Front Panel LEDs	29
Prestige Rear Panel and Connections	30
Connecting Your Prestige	31
Additional Installation Requirements	32
Turning on Your Prestige	33
Initial Screen	33
Entering the Password	33
Navigating the SMT Interface	34
Main Menu	35
System Management Terminal Interface Summary	35
Changing the System Password	36
Resetting the Prestige	37
General Setup	37
Dynamic DNS	38
Procedure For Configuring Menu 1	38
Configuring Dynamic DNS	39
WAN Setup	42
LAN Setup	43
LAN Port Filter Setup	43
Internet Access	45
TCP/IP and DHCP for LAN	45
Factory LAN Defaults	45
DHCP Configuration	45
IP Address and Subnet Mask	46
Private IP Addresses	47
RIP Setup	48
IP Multicast	48
IP Alias	49
TCP/IP and DHCP Ethernet Setup	50
IP Alias Setup	52
Internet Access Setup	54
Ethernet Encapsulation	54
PPTP Encapsulation	55
Configure PPTP Client	56
PPPoE Encapsulation	57
Internet Test Setup	58
Basic Setup Complete	59
Network Address Translation (NAT)	63
Introduction	63
NAT Definitions	63
What NAT Does	64
How NAT Works	64
NAT Application	65
NAT Mapping Types	66
Using NAT	68
SUA (Single User Account) Versus NAT	68
Applying NAT	68
NAT Setup	70
Address Mapping Sets	70
Port Forwarding Setup	75
Trigger Port Setup	78
General NAT Examples	80
Internet Access Only	80
Example 2: Internet Access with an Inside Server	82
Example 3: Multiple Public IP Addresses With Inside Servers	82
Example 4: NAT Unfriendly Application Programs	86
Remote Node Setup	89
Remote Node Profile	89
Ethernet Encapsulation	89
PPTP Encapsulation	91
PPPoE Encapsulation	93
Editing TCP/IP Options (with Ethernet Encapsulation)	95
Editing TCP/IP Options (with PPTP Encapsulation)	97
Editing TCP/IP Options (with PPPoE Encapsulation)	99
Remote Node Filter	99
IP Static Route Setup	101
IP Static Route Setup	102
Filter Configuration	107
About Filtering	107
The Filter Structure of the Prestige	108
Configuring a Filter Set	110
Filter Rules Summary Menu	112
Configuring a Filter Rule	113
TCP/IP Filter Rule	113
Generic Filter Rule	118
Example Filter	120
Filter Types and NAT	123
Applying a Filter and Factory Defaults	124
LAN traffic	124
Remote Node Filters	125
UPnP	127
Introducing Universal Plug and Play	127
How do I know if I'm using UPnP?	127
NAT Transversal	127
Cautions with UPnP	128
UPnP and ZyXEL	128
Configuring UPnP	128
Installing UPnP in Windows Example	130
Using UPnP in Windows XP Example	132
SNMP Configuration	137
About SNMP	137
Supported MIBs	139
SNMP Configuration	139
SNMP Traps	140
Traffic Redirect	143
Traffic Redirect	143
Traffic Redirect Setup	145
System Information & Diagnosis	149
System Status	149
To get to the System Status:	150
System Information and Console Port Speed	151
System Information	152
Console Port Speed	153
Log and Trace	154
Viewing Error Log	154
UNIX Syslog	155
Call-Triggering Packet	158
Diagnostic	159
WAN DHCP	160
Firmware and Configuration File Maintenance	163
Filename Conventions	163
Backup Configuration	164
Using the FTP Command from the DOS Prompt	165
Backup Configuration Using TFTP	167
TFTP Command Example	167
Backup Via Console Port	168
Restore Configuration	170
Restore Using FTP or TFTP	170
Restore Via Console Port	172
Uploading Firmware and Configuration Files	173
Firmware File Upload	174
Configuration File Upload	174
TFTP File Upload	176
Uploading Via Console Port	177
System Maintenance & Information	181
Command Interpreter Mode	181
Call Control Support	182
Budget Management	183
Call History	184
Time and Date Setting	185
Time Update Frequency	187
Remote Management	189
Telnet	189
FTP	189
Web	189
DNS (Domain Name System)	190
SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol)	190
Remote Management Setup	190
Remote Management Limitations	192
Remote Management and NAT	192
System Timeout	192
Call Scheduling	193
Introduction	193
Schedule Setup	193
Schedule Set Setup	194
Applying Schedule Sets to Remote Nodes	196
Troubleshooting	199
Problems Starting Up the Prestige	199
Problems with the LAN Interface	199
Problems with the WAN Interface	200
Problems with Internet Access	201
Appendix APPPoE	203
Appendix B PPTP	206
Appendix DBoot Commands	209
Appendix ENetBIOS Filter Commands	211
Log Descriptions	214
Appendix FPower Adapter Specifications	218
Appendix FHardware Specifications	219

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Prestige 314 PLUS Broadband Sharing Gateway with 4-Port Switch

NAT

4-1

Chapter 4

Network Address Translation (NAT)

This chapter discusses how to configure NAT on the Prestige.

4.1

Introduction

NAT (Network Address Translation - NAT, RFC 1631) is the translation of the IP address of a host in a

packet, e.g., the source address of an outgoing packet, used within one network to a different IP address

known within another network.

4.1.1 NAT Definitions

Inside/outside denotes where a host is located relative to the Prestige, e.g., the workstations of your

subscribers are the inside hosts, while the web servers on the Internet are the outside hosts.

Global/local denotes the IP address of a host in a packet as the packet traverses a router, e.g., the local

address refers to the IP address of a host when the packet is in the local network, while the global address

refers to the IP address of the host when the same packet is traveling in the WAN side.

Note that inside/outside refers to the location of a host, while global/local refers to the IP address of a host

used in a packet. Thus, an inside local address (ILA) is the IP address of an inside host in a packet when the

packet is still in the local network, while an inside global address (IGA) is the IP address of the same inside

host when the packet is on the WAN side. The following table summarizes this information.

Table 4-1 NAT Definitions

TERM

DEFINITION

Inside

This refers to the host on the LAN.

Outside

This refers to the host on the WAN.

Local

This refers to the packet address (source or destination) as the packet travels on the LAN.

Global

This refers to the packet address (source or destination) as the packet travels on the WAN.