Dell PowerSwitch S4128F-ON OS10 Enterprise Edition User Guide Release 10.4.1.0 - Page 403

Backbone router A backbone router (BR) is part of the OSPF Backbone, Area 0, and includes all ABRs. The BR includes routers connected only to the backbone and another ABR, but are only part of Area 0-shown as Router I in the example. Area border router Within an AS, an area border router (ABR) connects one or more areas to the backbone. The ABR keeps a copy of the link-state database for every area it connects to. It may keep multiple copies of the link state database. An ABR summarizes learned information from one of its attached areas before it is sent to other connected areas. An ABR can connect to many areas in an AS and is considered a member of each area it connects to-shown as Router H in the example. Autonomous system The autonomous system border router (ASBR) connects to more than one AS and exchanges information with the border router routers in other ASs. The ASBR connects to a non-IGP such as BGP or uses static routes-shown as Router N in the example. Internal router The internal router (IR) has adjacencies with ONLY routers in the same area-shown as Routers E, F, I, K, and M in the example. Designated and backup designated routers OSPF elects a designated router (DR) and a backup designated router (BDR). The DR is responsible for generating LSAs for the entire multiaccess network. Designated routers allow a reduction in network traffic and in the size of the topological database. Designated router Maintains a complete topology table of the network and sends updates to the other routers via multicast. All routers in an area form a slave/master relationship with the DR. Every time a router sends an update, the router sends it to the DR and BDR. The DR sends the update out to all other routers in the area. Backup designated Router that takes over if the DR fails. router Each router exchanges information with the DR and BDR. The DR and BDR relay information to other routers. On broadcast network segments, the number of OSPF packets reduces by the DR sending OSPF updates to a multicast IP address that all OSPF routers on the network segment are listening on. The DRs and BDRs are configurable. If you do not define DR or BDR, OS10 assigns them per the protocol. To determine which routers are the DR and BDR, the OSPF looks at the priority of the routers on the segment -default router priority is 1. The router with the highest priority is elected the DR. If there is a tie, the router with the higher router ID takes precedence. After the DR is elected, the BDR is elected the same way. A router with a router priority set to zero cannot become the DR or BDR. Link-state advertisements A link-state advertisement (LSA) communicates the router's routing topology to all other routers in the network. Type 1-Router LSA Router lists links to other routers or networks in the same area. Type 1 LSAs flood across their own area only. The link-state ID of the Type 1 LSA is the originating router ID. Type 2-Network LSA DR in an area lists which routers are joined within the area. Type 2 LSAs flood across their own area only. The linkstate ID of the Type 2 LSA is the IP interface address of the DR. Type 3-Summary LSA (OSPFv2), Inter-Area Prefix LSA (OSPFv3) ABR takes information it has learned on one of its attached areas and summarizes it before sending it out on other areas it connects to. The link-state ID of the Type 3 LSA is the destination network's IP address. Type 4-AS Border Router Summary LSA (OSPFv2), In some cases, Type 5 External LSAs flood to areas where the detailed next-hop information may not be available, because it may be using a different routing protocol. The ABR floods the information for the router-the ASBR where the Type 5 originated. The link-state ID for Type 4 LSAs is the router ID of the described ASBR. Layer 3 403