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Adobe 22011292 User Manual - Page 56

General options, RMS Settings options, Total, Maximum, and Average RMS Amplitude

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USING ADOBE AUDITION 52 Editing audio files • The RMS Histogram tab displays a graph that shows the relative prevalence of each amplitude. The horizontal ruler measures amplitude in decibels, and the vertical ruler measures prevalence using the RMS formula. Choose a channel to display from the Show Channel menu. Use the Histogram tab to identify prevalent amplitudes, and then compress, limit, or normalize them with an amplitude effect. General options Click the icons to the right of values to navigate to the corresponding location in the file. Peak Amplitude Shows the sample with the highest amplitude in decibel form. Maximum Sample Value Shows the sample with the highest amplitude. Minimum Sample Value Shows the sample with the lowest amplitude. Possibly Clipped Samples Shows the number of samples have likely exceeded 0 dBFS. Click the icon to the right of this value to navigate to the first clipped sample in the audio file. (If necessary, click the icon again to view subsequent clipped samples.) Total, Maximum, Minimum, and Average RMS Amplitude Show the root-mean-square values of the selection. RMS values are based on the prevalence of specific amplitudes, often reflecting perceived loudness better than absolute or average amplitudes. DC Offset Shows any direct current offset applied to the waveform during recording. Positive values are above the center line, and negative values are below it. (See "Correct DC offset" on page 30.) Measured Bit Depth Reports the waveform's bit depth. (32 indicates that the waveform uses the full 32-bit float range). Dynamic Range Reflects the difference between the Maximum and Minimum RMS Amplitude. Dynamic Range Used Shows the dynamic range minus unusually long periods of low RMS amplitude, such as silent passages. Loudness Shows the average amplitude. Perceived Loudness Compensates for the human ear's emphasis on middle frequencies. Copy Copies all statistics on the General tab to the system clipboard. RMS Settings options To adjust how RMS statistics are calculated, set the following options: 0dB = FS Sine Wave Correspond the dB level to a full-scale sine wave, where peak amplitude is about 3.01 dB quieter than a full-scale square wave. 0dB = FS Square Wave Corresponds the dB level to a full-scale square wave, where peak amplitude is about 3.01 dB louder than a full-scale sine wave. Last updated 2/16/2012

Section	Page
Legal notices	2
Contents	3
Chapter 1: What’s new	5
Chapter 2: Digital audio fundamentals	7
Understanding sound	7
Sound waves	7
Waveform measurements	7
How sound waves interact	8
Digitizing audio	9
Comparing analog and digital audio	9
Understanding sample rate	9
Understanding bit depth	10
Measuring amplitude in dBFS	10
Audio file contents and size	10
How Adobe Audition digitizes audio	11
Chapter 3: Workspace and setup	12
Viewing, zooming, and navigating audio	12
Comparing the Waveform and Multitrack editors	12
Basic components of the editors	12
Switch editors	13
Zoom audio in the Editor panel	13
Navigate through time	14
Navigate by scrolling	15
Navigate with the Selection/View panel	15
Customizing workspaces	15
About workspaces	15
Choose a workspace	16
Dock, group, or float panels	16
Resize panel groups	18
Open, close, and scroll to panels	19
Working with multiple monitors	20
Display the toolbar	20
Display the status bar	20
Change interface colors, brightness, and performance	21
Save, reset, or delete workspaces	22
Connecting to audio hardware	22
Configure audio inputs and outputs	22
Assign file channels to inputs and outputs	23
Customizing and saving application settings	23
Customize preferences	23
Restore preferences to default settings	24
Export and import customized application settings	24
Chapter 4: Importing, recording, and playing audio	25
Creating and opening files	25
Create a new, blank audio file	25
Create a new multitrack session	25
Open existing audio files and multitrack mixes	26
Import a file as raw data	26
Insert an audio file into a multitrack session	27
Spot-insert a Broadcast Wave file into a session	27
Importing with the Files panel	27
Import files into the Files panel	28
Insert from the Files panel into a multitrack session	28
Change displayed metadata in the Files panel	28
Supported import formats	28
Audio file formats	28
Video file formats	29
Extracting audio from CDs	30
Extract CD tracks with the Extract Audio From CD command	30
Extract CD tracks with the Open command (Mac OS)	30
Navigating time and playing audio	31
Monitoring time	31
Position the current-time indicator	31
Preview audio by scrubbing	32
Play audio linearly or in a loop	32
Synchronize the current-time indicator across files or views	32
Change the time display format	33
Recording audio	33
Record audio in the Waveform Editor	34
Correct DC offset	34
Direct-to-file recording in the Multitrack Editor	34
Record audio clips in the Multitrack Editor	34
Punch into a selected range in the Multitrack Editor	35
Punch in during playback in the Multitrack Editor	36
Choose punch-in takes	36
Monitoring recording and playback levels	36
Level meters overview	36
Customize level meters	37
Adjust recording levels for standard sound cards	37
Chapter 5: Editing audio files	39
Displaying audio in the Waveform Editor	39
View audio waveforms and spectrums	39
About the waveform display	39
About the spectral display	40
View layered or uniquely colored waveform channels	41
Customize the spectral display	41
Change the vertical scale	42
Selecting audio	42
Select time ranges	42
Select spectral ranges	43
Select artifacts and repair them automatically	44
Select all of a waveform	45
Specify which channels you want to edit	45
Adjust a selection to zero-crossing points	45
Snap to markers, rulers, frames, and zero crossings	46
Copying, cutting, pasting, and deleting audio	46
Copy or cut audio data	46
Paste audio data	47
Mix audio data when pasting	47
Delete or crop audio	47
Visually fading and changing amplitude	47
Visually fade in or out	48
Visually raise or lower amplitude	49
Pin or hide the visual amplitude control	49
Working with markers	49
Add, select, and rename markers	50
Adjust, merge, convert, or delete markers	50
Save audio between markers to new files	51
Creating playlists	52
Inverting, reversing, and silencing audio	52
Invert a waveform	52
Reverse a waveform	53
Create silence	53
Analyzing phase, frequency, and amplitude	53
Analyze phase	53
Analyze frequency range	54
Frequency Analysis options	54
Zoom frequency graphs	55
Analyze amplitude	55
General options	56
RMS Settings options	56
Converting sample types	57
Hear a file in a different sample rate	57
Convert the sample rate of a file	57
Convert a waveform between surround, stereo, and mono	57
Change the bit depth of a file	58
Use sample rate conversion presets	59
Automating common tasks	59
Favorites	59
Match volume across multiple files	60
Batch process files	61
Undo, redo, and history	62
Undo or redo changes	62
Compare history states	62
Chapter 6: Applying effects	63
Effects controls	63
Effects Rack overview	63
Controls unique to the Waveform Editor	63
Controls unique to the Multitrack Editor	63
Set input, output, and mix levels in racks	64
Insert, bypass, reorder, or remove effects in racks	64
Use effect presets	65
Control effect settings with graphs	65
About spline curves for graphs	65
Applying effects in the Waveform Editor	66
Apply groups of effects in the Waveform Editor	66
Apply individual effects in the Waveform Editor	66
About process effects	67
Applying effects in the Multitrack Editor	67
Apply effects to clips or tracks	67
Pre-render track effects to improve performance	68
Insert effects before or after sends and EQ	68
Adding third-party plug-ins	69
Chapter 7: Effects reference	71
Amplitude and compression effects	71
Amplify effect	71
Channel Mixer effect	71
DeEsser effect	71
Dynamics Processing effect	72
Dynamics tab	72
Settings tab	73
Hard Limiter effect	74
Multiband Compressor effect	74
Normalize effect (Waveform Editor only)	76
Single-band Compressor effect	77
Speech Volume Leveler effect	78
Tube-modeled Compressor effect	78
Volume Envelope effect (Waveform Editor only)	79
Delay and echo effects	80
Analog Delay effect	80
Delay effect	81
Echo effect	81
Diagnostics effects (Waveform Editor only)	82
Diagnose and repair, delete, or mark audio	82
DeClicker options	83
DeClipper options	83
Delete Silence and Mark Audio options	84
Filter and equalizer effects	84
FFT Filter effect	84
Graphic Equalizer effect	85
Parametric Equalizer effect	86
Modulation effects	87
Chorus effect	87
Chorus/Flanger effect	88
Flanger effect	89
Phaser effect	90
Noise reduction / restoration effects	90
Techniques for restoring audio	90
Noise Reduction effect (Waveform Editor only)	91
Apply the Noise Reduction effect	92
Noise Reduction options	92
Adaptive Noise Reduction effect	94
Automatic Click Remover effect	94
Automatic Phase Correction effect	95
DeHummer effect	95
Hiss Reduction effect (Waveform Editor only)	96
Reverb effects	98
Convolution Reverb effect	98
Full Reverb effect	99
Reverb Settings	99
Coloration options	100
Output Level options	100
Reverb effect	101
Studio Reverb effect	102
Surround Reverb effect	102
Special effects	103
Distortion effect	103
Guitar Suite effect	104
Mastering effect	104
Vocal Enhancer effect	106
Stereo imagery effects	106
Center Channel Extractor effect	106
Time and pitch manipulation effects	107
Stretch and Pitch effect (Waveform Editor only)	107
Chapter 8: Mixing multitrack sessions	109
Multitrack Editor overview	109
About multitrack sessions	109
Editing multitrack sessions in the Editor panel and Mixer	109
Select ranges in the Multitrack Editor	111
Customize start offset and time display for multitrack sessions	111
Basic multitrack controls	111
Understanding video, audio, bus, and master tracks	111
Choosing between mono, stereo, and 5.1 tracks	112
Add or delete tracks	112
Name or move tracks	112
Vertically zoom tracks	113
Mute and solo tracks	114
Apply an identical setting to all tracks	114
Set track output volume	114
Pan tracks in stereo	114
Duplicate tracks	115
Multitrack routing and EQ controls	115
Show or hide track routing and EQ controls	115
Assign audio inputs and outputs to tracks	116
Invert the polarity of an input	116
Routing audio to buses, sends, and the Master track	116
Set up a send	118
Equalize tracks	119
Arranging and editing multitrack clips	120
Select and move clips	120
Snap to clip endpoints	120
Copy a clip	120
Trimming and extending clips	121
Remove a selected range from clips	121
Collapse a gap between clips on a track	121
Trim or extend clips	121
Shift the contents of a trimmed or looped clip	121
Permanently edit a clip’s source file in the Waveform Editor	122
Split clips	122
Set audio clip properties	122
Looping clips	123
Access free loops from Resource Central	123
Snap to loop beats	124
Enable a looped clip and change its length	124
Clip volume matching, fading, and mixing	124
Match multitrack clip volume	125
Fade or crossfade multitrack clips	125
Fade a clip in or out	125
Crossfade overlapping clips	126
Fade options	126
Create a single audio clip from multiple clips	126
Create an audio clip from a bus or master track	127
Automating mixes with envelopes	127
Automating clip settings	127
Show or hide clip envelopes	128
Show or hide individual automation parameters	128
Automating track settings	128
Create track envelopes	129
Track Automation Mode options	129
Adjust automation with keyframes	130
Chapter 9: Video and surround sound	132
Working with video applications	132
Edit audio clips from Adobe Premiere Pro CS5.5 or After Effects	132
Export a multitrack mix to Premiere Pro CS5.5	132
Link sessions to exported mixdown files	133
Embed edit-original data in exported mixdown files	133
Edit a mixdown file via a video application	133
Importing video and working with video clips	134
Insert a video file into a multitrack session	134
Snap to frames in a video clip	135
Customize the Video panel	135
5.1 surround sound	135
Monitoring 5.1 surround sound	135
Edit 5.1 surround files	136
Pan tracks in a 5.1 surround mix	136
Pan sends to a 5.1 bus track	137
Chapter 10: Saving and exporting	138
Saving and exporting files	138
Save audio files	138
Extract audio channels to mono files	138
Save multitrack sessions	139
Export sessions to OMF or Final Cut Pro Interchange format	139
Export multitrack mixdown files	140
Audio format settings	141
AIFF format settings (aif, .aiff, *.aifc)	141
mp3 format settings	141
QuickTime format settings (audio-only *.mov)	141
Wave PCM format settings (.wav, .bwf)	141
Close files	142
Viewing and editing XMP metadata	142
About the Metadata panel and XMP	142
About schemas and properties	143
About the XMP standard	143
Show or hide XMP metadata	143
Save, switch, or delete metadata sets	143
Create schemas and properties	143
Edit XMP metadata	144
Search XMP metadata	144
Chapter 11: Keyboard shortcuts	145
Finding and customizing shortcuts	145
Find shortcuts	145
Customize shortcuts	145
Save or delete custom sets of shortcuts	145
Restore the default shortcuts	145
Default keyboard shortcuts	146
Keys for playing and zooming audio	146
Keys for editing audio files	146

Match case Limit results 1 per page

USING ADOBE AUDITION

Editing audio files

Last updated 2/16/2012

•

The RMS Histogram tab displays a graph that shows the relative prevalence of each amplitude. The horizontal ruler

measures amplitude in decibels, and the vertical ruler measures prevalence using the RMS formula. Choose a

channel to display from the Show Channel menu.

Use the Histogram tab to identify prevalent amplitudes, and then compress, limit, or normalize them with an

amplitude effect.

General options

Click the icons to the right of values to navigate to the corresponding location in the file.

Peak Amplitude

Shows the sample with the highest amplitude in decibel form.

Maximum Sample Value

Shows the sample with the highest amplitude.

Minimum Sample Value

Shows the sample with the lowest amplitude.

Possibly Clipped Samples

Shows the number of samples have likely exceeded 0 dBFS. Click the icon

to the right of

this value to navigate to the first clipped sample in the audio file. (If necessary, click the icon again to view subsequent

clipped samples.)

Total, Maximum, Minimum, and Average RMS Amplitude

Show the root-mean-square values of the selection. RMS

values are based on the prevalence of specific amplitudes, often reflecting perceived loudness better than absolute or

average amplitudes.

DC Offset

Shows any direct current offset applied to the waveform during recording. Positive values are above the

center line, and negative values are below it. (See “

Correct DC offset

” on page

30.)

Measured Bit Depth

Reports the waveform’s bit depth. (32 indicates that the waveform uses the full 32-bit float range).

Dynamic Range

Reflects the difference between the Maximum and Minimum RMS Amplitude.

Dynamic Range Used

Shows the dynamic range minus unusually long periods of low RMS amplitude, such as silent

passages.

Loudness

Shows the average amplitude.

Perceived Loudness

Compensates for the human ear’s emphasis on middle frequencies.

Copy

Copies all statistics on the General tab to the system clipboard.

RMS Settings options

To adjust how RMS statistics are calculated, set the following options:

0dB = FS Sine Wave

Correspond the dB level to a full-scale sine wave, where peak amplitude is about 3.01 dB quieter

than a full-scale square wave.

0dB = FS Square Wave

Corresponds the dB level to a full-scale square wave, where peak amplitude is about 3.01 dB

louder than a full-scale sine wave.