HP 12C#ABA hp 12c_solutions handbook_English_E.pdf - Page 158
Pricing Calculations, Forecast of next period expected usage
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3n S3 = ∑ Inyi = n lnc + b2n + 1( ln a) b--b--n---------1--1- i = 2n + 1 • Smoothed average St = αXt + (1 - α)St - 1 • Change, Ct = St - St - 1 • Trend, Tt = αCt + (1 - α)Tt - 1 • Current period expected usage, • Forecast of next period expected usage, • Error, et = t - Xt • ∑ Cumulative error = et2 t=1 • Initial conditions: St-1 = Xt-1 Tt-1 = 0 Pricing Calculations Markup and Margin Calculations • Ma = margin(%). • Mu = markup(%). • S = selling price. • C = cost. 157
157
•
Smoothed average
S
t
=
α
X
t
+ (1 -
α
)
S
t
- 1
•
Change,
C
t
=
S
t
-
S
t
- 1
•
Trend,
T
t
=
α
C
t
+ (1 -
α
)
T
t
- 1
•
Current period expected usage,
•
Forecast of next period expected usage,
•
Error,
e
t
=
t
-
X
t
•
Cumulative error =
•
Initial conditions: S
t-1
=
X
t-1
T
t-1
= 0
Pricing Calculations
Markup and Margin Calculations
•
Ma
= margin(%).
•
Mu
= markup(%).
•
S
= selling price.
•
C
= cost.
S
3
Iny
i
n
c
b
2n
1
+
a
ln
(
)
+
ln
=
i
2n
1
+
=
3n
∑
=
b
n
1
–
b
1
–
--------------
e
t
2
t
1
=
∑