ZyXEL UAG715 User Guide - Page 329
TCP SYN Flood Attack
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Chapter 27 ADP If an attacker (A) spoofs the source IP address of the ICMP echo request packet, the resulting ICMP traffic will not only saturate the receiving network (B), but the network of the spoofed source IP address (C). Figure 223 Smurf Attack TCP SYN Flood Attack Usually a client starts a session by sending a SYN (synchronize) packet to a server. The receiver returns an ACK (acknowledgment) packet and its own SYN, and then the initiator responds with an ACK (acknowledgment). After this handshake, a connection is established. Figure 224 TCP Three-Way Handshake A SYN flood attack is when an attacker sends a series of SYN packets. Each packet causes the receiver to reply with a SYN-ACK response. The receiver then waits for the ACK that follows the SYN-ACK, and stores all outstanding SYN-ACK responses on a backlog queue. SYN-ACKs are only moved off the queue when an ACK comes back or when an internal timer ends the three-way handshake. Once the queue is full, the system will ignore all incoming SYN requests, making the system unavailable for other users. UAG715 User's Guide 329
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