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Creating and Managing Files, Naming Files

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If you press Enter when a command line has an error in it, the screen displays an error message. Usually, the command prompt reappears so you can try again. Type the correct command and press Enter. Creating and Managing Files All your data and programs are stored in files on disk. A data file contains information, such as words, numbers, or pictures. A program file contains instructions that the computer can understand and execute. The kind of file you create depends on the MS-DOS command or application program you use to create it. In general, a data file that you create using an application program is stored in a special format. If you use a different application program to read that file, you may encounter problems. When you create a file, you need to give it a name. You must name your files in a certain format required by MS-DOS. Naming Files Each file must have a unique filename so you can retrieve it when you need to. The filename consists of two parts: the name and the extension (which is optional). You can choose a name up to eight characters long. Create a name that identifies the information the file contains. The name can contain any characters or numbers except for blank spaces and the following symbols: Using MS-DOS With Your Computer 4-9

Section	Page
FRONT MATTER	1
TABLE OF CONTENTS	7
INTRODUCTION	15
How to Use This Manual	16
Where to Get Help	17
CHAP 1-SETTING UP YOUR SYSTEM	19
Unpacking	19
Removing the Diskette Drive Protector Card	21
Choosing a Location	22
Connecting a Monitor	23
Connecting a Printer, Mouse, or Modem	25
Using the Parallel Interface	26
Using the Serial Interface	27
Connecting the Power Cord	29
Connecting the Keyboard	30
Adjusting the Keyboard Angle	32
Setting the Front Monitor Switch	32
Turning On the Computer	33
The Command Prompt	36
Copying System Diskettes	36
CHAP 2-RUNNNIG THE SETUP PROGRAM	41
Changing the Amount of Memory	43
Setting the Type of Display	44
Adding an 80287 Coprocessor	46
Changing the Disk Drive Settings	47
Setting the Real-time Clock	48
Leaving the Setup Program	50
CHAP 3-USING YOUR COMPUTER	53
Changing the Operating Speed	53
Special Keys on the Apex Keyboard	54
Stopping a Command or Program	56
Resetting the Computer	57
Turning Off the Computer	58
Using Disks and Disk Drives	58
How Disks Store Data	58
Types of Diskette Drives	60
Caring for Diskettes and Diskette Drives	62
Inserting and Removing Diskettes	64
Write-protecting Diskettes	66
Making Backup Copies	67
Using a Single Diskette Drive	68
Using the Hard Disk Drive	69
CHAP 4-USING MS-DOS WITH YOUR COMPUTER	73
Starting and Exiting MS-DOS	74
Loading MS-DOS From a Diskette	74
Starting an Application Program	75
Using Drive Designators	75
The Default Drive	76
Changing the Default Drive	76
Specifying the Drive Designator	77
Types of MS-DOS Commands	77
Entering an MS-DOS Command	79
Creating and Managing Files	81
Naming Files	81
Copying Files	82
Renaming Files	85
Deleting Files	86
Printing Files	87
Using Directories	88
The Default Directory	90
Changing the Default Directory	90
Using Pathnames	91
Including Filenames With Pathnames	92
Including Drive Letters With Pathnames and Filenames	92
Creating Directories	94
Listing the Contents of a Directory	95
Displaying a List of Directories	96
Removing Directories	97
Formatting Diskettes	98
Formatting Diskettes With One Diskette Drive (No Hard Disk)	100
Backing Up Data	101
Using the Diskcopy Command	101
Using the Backcopy Command	105
Using Help	106
Using Menu	108
Menu Program Options	108
Using the XTREE Utility	109
Running XTREE	110
Using an AUTOEXEC.BAT File	113
Creating an AUTOEXEC.BAT File	114
Using HDCACHE for the Hard Disk	116
CHAP 5-INSTALLING OPTION CARDS	117
Removing the Cover	117
Inserting the Option Card	120
Jumper Settings	123
Changing a Jumper Setting	124
Memory Card Jumpers	124
Main Circuit Board Jumpers	126
Multi-function Card Jumpers	128
Removing an Option Card	131
Replacing the Cover	132
Post-installation Setup	134
CHAP 6-TROUBLESHOOTING	135
The Computer Won t Start	135
The Computer Does Not Respond	136
Keyboard Problems	137
Monitor Problems	138
Diskette Problems	139
Diskette Drive Problems	142
Hard Disk Problems	143
Software Problems	145
Printer Problems	146
Option Card Problems	147
APPENDIX A-SPECIFICATIONS	149
CPU and Memory	149
Controllers	149
Interfaces	150
Power Supply	150
Mass Storage	150
Keyboard	151
Environmental Requirements	152
Physical Characteristics (CPU only)	152
Power Requirements	152
Video and Display Options	152
Other Apex Options	153
Monitors	153
ActionPrinters	153
ActionPrinter Accessories	154
Computer Accessories	155
Parallel Port Pin Assignments	155
Serial Port Pin Assignments	156
Keyboard Connector Pin Assignments	156
Parallel Port Loop-back Connector Pin Assignments	157
Serial Port Loop-back Connector Pin Assignments	157
APPENDIX B-POWER-ON DIAGNOSTICS	159
System Device Check	159
Timer and CMOS RAM Check	160
RAM Check	161
Keyboard Controller and Keyboard Check	161
Display Card Check	162
Optional RAM Check	162
Diskette Drive Seek Check	162
Hard Disk Controller and Hard Disk Check	163
APPENDIX C-PERFORMING SYSTEM DIAGNOSTICS	165
Starting System Diagnostics	165
Modifying the DEVICE LIST	167
Selecting a Test	169
Resuming From an Error	170
System Board Check	171
Memory Check	172
Keyboard Check	172
Monochrome Display Adapter and CRT Check	174
Monochrome Adapter Check	175
Attribute Check	175
Character Set Check	176
Video Check	176
Sync Check	177
Run All Above Checks	177
Color Graphics Adapter and CRT Check	177
Color Graphics Adapter Check	178
Attribute Check	179
Character Set Check	179
40-column Character Set Check	180
320x200 Graphics Mode Check	181
640x200 Graphics Mode Check	181
Screen Paging Check	182
Light Pen Check	183
Color Video Check	184
Sync Check	184
Run All Above Checks	184
Floppy Disk Drives and Controller Check	185
Sequential Seek Check	186
Random Seek Check	186
Write, Read Check	187
Speed Check	187
Disk Change Check	188
Run All Above Checks	189
Math Coprocessor Check (80287)	189
Parallel Port (Printer Interface) Check	189
Parallel Port (On Video Adapter) Check	190
Serial Port (RS-232C) Check	191
Alternate Serial Port Check	192
Dot-matrix Printer Check	192
Hard Disk Drives and Controller Check	194
Seek Check	194
Write, Read Check	195
Head Select Check	196
Error Detection and Correction Check	196
Read, Verify Check	197
Run All Above Checks	197
Error Codes and Messages	198
APPENDIX D-PHYSICALLY FORMATTING A HARD DISK	201
Formatting and Checking Options	202
Reformatting a Used Disk	203
Formatting a New Disk	204
Starting the Formatting Process	204
Conditional Format (Normal)	205
Unconditional Format	207
Destructive Surface Analysis	210
Non-destructive Surface Analysis	211
APPENDIX E-PREPARING A HARD DISK FOR USE	213
Partitioning the Hard Disk	214
Creating the MS-DOS Partition	215
Creating the Extended Partition	216
Formatting the Primary Partition	218
Formatting the Extended Partition	220
Copying the Remaining Files to the Hard Disk	221
Creating the AUTOEXEC.BAT File	222
APPENDIX F-TYPES OF HARD DISK DRIVES	225
Disk Type Table	225
GLOSSARY	227
INDEX	245