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RPF Mechanism, RPF Mechanism Application

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 The multicast forwarding-table is used to control the forwarding of the multicast packets directly. The multicast routing table consists of a group of (S, G) entries, and (S, G) route represents routing information from source S to group G. If the router supports multiple multicast routing protocols, its multicast routing table will contain multicast routes generated from multiple protocols. The router will chose the optimal multicast route according to multicast routing and forwarding strategy, and send it to the multicast forwarding table. The multicast routing protocol uses the RPF mechanism to establish the multicast routing entries, thus to guarantee the multicast data being transferred in the correct path.  RPF Mechanism PIM uses the unicast routing table to perform the RPF check. RPF mechanism ensures the multicast packets being forwarded correctly according to the multicast routing configuration, and avoids loops causing by various reasons. 1. RPF Check The RPF check relies on unicast route or static multicast route. The unicast routing table aggregates the shortest paths to each destination network segments, and the static multicast routing table lists specified static RPF routing entries configured by the user manually. Instead of maintaining certain unicast routing independently, the multicast routing protocol relies on the current unicast routing information or static multicast routing in the network to establish multicast routing entries. When performing the RPF check, the router will look up the unicast routing table and the static multicast routing table at the same time. The process is as below: (1) Chose an optimal route from the unicast routing table and the static routing table respectively:  The router looks up the unicast routing table with the IP address of the packet source as the destination address, and selects an optimal unicast route automatically. The output interface of the corresponding entry is the RPF interface, and the next hop is the RPF neighbor. The router will consider the traveling path of the multicast data sent from the RPF neighbor and received on the RPF interface as the shortest path from the multicast source S to the local network.  The router looks up the static multicast routing table with the IP address of the packet source specified as the source address, and selects an optimal static multicast route automatically. The corresponding entry explicitly specifies the RPF interface and RPF neighbor. (2) Select one from the two optimal routes as the RPF route： According to the longest mask matching principle, the longest mask matching route between them will be selected; if the two routes have the same mask, the route with higher priority will be selected; if the two routes also have the same priority, then the static multicast route is prior to the unicast route. 2. RPF Mechanism Application When the router receives multicast packets sent from multicast source S to multicast group G, it will look up the multicast forwarding table at first: 225

Section	Page
Package Contents	12
Chapter 1 About This Guide	13
1.1 Intended Readers	13
1.2 Conventions	13
1.3 Overview of This Guide	13
Chapter 2 Introduction	18
2.1 Overview of the Switch	18
2.2 Main Features	18
2.3 Appearance Description	19
2.3.1 Front Panel	19
2.3.2 Rear Panel	21
Chapter 3 Login to the Switch	23
3.1 Login	23
3.2 Configuration	23
Chapter 4 System	25
4.1 System Info	25
4.1.1 System Summary	25
4.1.2 Device Description	27
4.1.3 System Time	28
4.1.4 Daylight Saving Time	29
4.2 User Management	30
4.2.1 User Table	30
4.2.2 User Config	30
4.3 System Tools	32
4.3.1 Boot Config	32
4.3.2 Config Restore	33
4.3.3 Config Backup	33
4.3.4 Firmware Upgrade	34
4.3.5 System Reboot	35
4.3.6 System Reset	35
4.4 Access Security	35
4.4.1 Access Control	35
4.4.2 SSL Config	37
4.4.3 SSH Config	38
Chapter 5 Stack	44
5.1 Stack Management	50
5.1.1 Stack Info	50
5.1.2 Stack Config	51
5.1.3 Switch Renumber	52
5.2 Application Example for Stack	53
Chapter 6 Switching	55
6.1 Port	55
6.1.1 Port Config	55
6.1.2 Port Mirror	56
6.1.3 Port Security	58
6.1.4 Port Isolation	60
6.2 LAG	61
6.2.1 LAG Table	62
6.2.2 Static LAG	63
6.2.3 LACP Config	64
6.3 Traffic Monitor	66
6.3.1 Traffic Summary	66
6.3.2 Traffic Statistics	68
6.4 MAC Address	70
6.4.1 Address Table	70
6.4.2 Static Address	72
6.4.3 Dynamic Address	73
6.4.4 Filtering Address	75
Chapter 7 VLAN	77
7.1 802.1Q VLAN	78
7.1.1 VLAN Config	79
7.1.2 Port Config	81
7.2 Application Example for 802.1Q VLAN	83
7.3 MAC VLAN	84
7.3.1 MAC VLAN	84
7.3.2 Port Enable	85
7.4 Application Example for MAC VLAN	86
7.5 Protocol VLAN	88
7.5.1 Protocol Group Table	88
7.5.2 Protocol Group	89
7.5.3 Protocol Template	90
7.6 Application Example for Protocol VLAN	91
7.7 VLAN VPN	93
7.7.1 VPN Config	94
7.7.2 Port Enable	94
7.7.3 VLAN Mapping	95
7.8 GVRP	97
7.9 Private VLAN	100
7.9.1 PVLAN Config	102
7.9.2 Port Config	103
7.10 Application Example for Private VLAN	104
Chapter 8 Spanning Tree	107
8.1 STP Config	112
8.1.1 STP Config	112
8.1.2 STP Summary	114
8.2 Port Config	114
8.3 MSTP Instance	116
8.3.1 Region Config	116
8.3.2 Instance Config	117
8.3.3 Instance Port Config	118
8.4 STP Security	120
8.4.1 Port Protect	120
8.4.2 TC Protect	122
8.5 Application Example for STP Function	123
Chapter 9 Multicast	127
9.1 IGMP Snooping	129
9.1.1 Snooping Config	130
9.1.2 Port Config	131
9.1.3 VLAN Config	132
9.1.4 Multicast VLAN	134
9.1.5 Querier Config	136
9.2 Application Example for Multicast VLAN	138
9.3 Multicast IP	140
9.3.1 Multicast IP Table	140
9.3.2 Static Multicast IP	140
9.4 Multicast Filter	142
9.4.1 Profile Config	142
9.4.2 Profile Binding	143
9.5 Packet Statistics	144
Chapter 10 Routing	146
10.1 Interface	146
10.2 Routing Table	149
10.3 Static Routing	149
10.4 DHCP Server	150
10.4.1 DHCP Server	156
10.4.2 Pool Setting	158
10.4.3 Manual Binding	159
10.4.4 Binding Table	159
10.4.5 Packet Statistics	160
10.5 DHCP Relay	161
10.5.1 Global Config	163
10.5.2 DHCP Server	164
10.6 Proxy ARP	165
10.7 ARP	167
10.8 RIP	168
10.8.1 Basic Config	171
10.8.2 Interface Config	173
10.8.3 RIP Database	174
10.8.4 Application Example for RIP	175
10.9 OSPF	176
10.9.1 Process	193
10.9.2 Basic	193
10.9.3 Network	196
10.9.4 Interface	197
10.9.5 Area	200
10.9.6 Area Aggregation	202
10.9.7 Virtual Link	203
10.9.8 Route Redistribution	205
10.9.9 ASBR Aggregation	206
10.9.10 Neighbor Table	207
10.9.11 Link State Database	208
10.10 VRRP	209
10.10.1 Basic Config	213
10.10.2 Advanced Config	215
10.10.3 Virtual IP Config	216
10.10.4 Track Config	217
10.10.5 Virtual Router Statistics	219
Chapter 11 Multicast Routing	221
11.1 Global Config	222
11.1.1 Global Config	222
11.1.2 Mroute Table	222
11.2 IGMP	224
11.2.1 Interface Config	228
11.2.2 Interface State	229
11.2.3 Static Multicast Config	230
11.2.4 Multicast Group Table	232
11.2.5 Profile Binding	233
11.2.6 Packet Statistics	235
11.3 PIM DM	235
11.3.1 PIM DM Interface	240
11.3.2 PIM DM Neighbor	241
11.4 PIM SM	242
11.4.1 PIM SM Interface	247
11.4.2 PIM SM Neighbor	248
11.4.3 BSR	249
11.4.4 RP	250
11.4.5 RP Mapping	251
11.4.6 RP Info	252
11.5 Static Mroute	253
11.5.1 Static Mroute Config	254
11.5.2 Static Mroute Table	255
Chapter 12 QoS	256
12.1 DiffServ	259
12.1.1 Port Priority	259
12.1.2 Schedule Mode	260
12.1.3 802.1P Priority	261
12.1.4 DSCP Priority	262
12.2 Bandwidth Control	264
12.2.1 Rate Limit	264
12.2.2 Storm Control	265
12.3 Voice VLAN	266
12.3.1 Global Config	268
12.3.2 Port Config	269
12.3.3 OUI Config	270
Chapter 13 ACL	272
13.1 Time-Range	272
13.1.1 Time-Range Summary	272
13.1.2 Time-Range Create	273
13.1.3 Holiday Config	274
13.2 ACL Config	274
13.2.1 ACL Summary	275
13.2.2 ACL Create	275
13.2.3 MAC ACL	276
13.2.4 Standard-IP ACL	276
13.2.5 Extend-IP ACL	277
13.3 Policy Config	279
13.3.1 Policy Summary	279
13.3.2 Policy Create	279
13.3.3 Action Create	280
13.4 Policy Binding	281
13.4.1 Binding Table	281
13.4.2 Port Binding	282
13.4.3 VLAN Binding	283
13.5 Application Example for ACL	284
Chapter 14 Network Security	286
14.1 IP-MAC Binding	286
14.1.1 Binding Table	286
14.1.2 Manual Binding	287
14.1.3 ARP Scanning	289
14.2 DHCP Snooping	290
14.2.1 Global Config	293
14.2.2 Port Config	295
14.3 ARP Inspection	296
14.3.1 ARP Detect	299
14.3.2 ARP Defend	300
14.3.3 ARP Statistics	301
14.4 IP Source Guard	302
14.5 DoS Defend	304
14.5.1 DoS Defend	305
14.6 802.1X	305
14.6.1 Global Config	309
14.6.2 Port Config	311
14.6.3 Radius Server	312
Chapter 15 SNMP	314
15.1 SNMP Config	316
15.1.1 Global Config	316
15.1.2 SNMP View	317
15.1.3 SNMP Group	317
15.1.4 SNMP User	319
15.1.5 SNMP Community	321
15.2 Notification	323
15.3 RMON	324
15.3.1 Statistics	325
15.3.2 History	326
15.3.3 Event	327
15.3.4 Alarm	327
Chapter 16 LLDP	330
16.1 Basic Config	333
16.1.1 Global Config	333
16.1.2 Port Config	334
16.2 Device Info	335
16.2.1 Local Info	335
16.2.2 Neighbor Info	337
16.3 Device Statistics	338
16.4 LLDP-MED	339
16.4.1 Global Config	340
16.4.2 Port Config	341
16.4.3 Local Info	343
16.4.4 Neighbor Info	344
Chapter 17 Cluster	346
17.1 NDP	347
17.1.1 Neighbor Info	347
17.1.2 NDP Summary	348
17.1.3 NDP Config	349
17.2 NTDP	350
17.2.1 Device Table	350
17.2.2 NTDP Summary	352
17.2.3 NTDP Config	353
17.3 Cluster	354
17.3.1 Cluster Summary	354
17.3.2 Cluster Config	357
17.3.3 Member Config	360
17.3.4 Cluster Topology	361
17.4 Application Example for Cluster Function	363
Chapter 18 Maintenance	365
18.1 System Monitor	365
18.1.1 CPU Monitor	365
18.1.2 Memory Monitor	366
18.2 Log	367
18.2.1 Log Table	368
18.2.2 Local Log	369
18.2.3 Remote Log	370
18.2.4 Backup Log	370
18.3 Device Diagnostics	371
18.3.1 Cable Test	371
18.3.2 Loopback	372
18.4 Network Diagnostics	373
18.4.1 Ping	373
18.4.2 Tracert	374
Chapter 19 System Maintenance via FTP	375
Appendix A: Specifications	381
Appendix B: Configuring the PCs	383
Appendix C: 802.1X Client Software	385

Match case Limit results 1 per page



The multicast forwarding-table is used to control the forwarding of the multicast packets

directly.

The multicast routing table consists of a group of (S, G) entries, and (S, G) route represents

routing information from source S to group G. If the router supports multiple multicast routing

protocols, its multicast routing table will contain multicast routes generated from multiple protocols.

The router will chose the optimal multicast route according to multicast routing and forwarding

strategy, and send it to the multicast forwarding table.

The multicast routing protocol uses the RPF mechanism to establish the multicast routing entries,

thus to guarantee the multicast data being transferred in the correct path.



RPF Mechanism

PIM uses the unicast routing table to perform the RPF check. RPF mechanism ensures the

multicast packets being forwarded correctly according to the multicast routing configuration, and

avoids loops causing by various reasons.

1. RPF Check

The RPF check relies on unicast route or static multicast route. The unicast routing table

aggregates the shortest paths to each destination network segments, and the static multicast

routing table lists specified static RPF routing entries configured by the user manually. Instead of

maintaining certain unicast routing independently, the multicast routing protocol relies on the

current unicast routing information or static multicast routing in the network to establish multicast

routing entries.

When performing the RPF check, the router will look up the unicast routing table and the static

multicast routing table at the same time. The process is as below:

(1)

Chose an optimal route from the unicast routing table and the static routing table respectively:



The router looks up the unicast routing table with the IP address of the packet source as the

destination address, and selects an optimal unicast route automatically. The output interface

of the corresponding entry is the RPF interface, and the next hop is the RPF neighbor. The

router will consider the traveling path of the multicast data sent from the RPF neighbor and

received on the RPF interface as the shortest path from the multicast source S to the local

network.



The router looks up the static multicast routing table with the IP address of the packet source

specified as the source address, and selects an optimal static multicast route automatically.

The corresponding entry explicitly specifies the RPF interface and RPF neighbor.

(2)

Select one from the two optimal routes as the RPF route

：

According to the longest mask matching principle, the longest mask matching route between them

will be selected; if the two routes have the same mask, the route with higher priority will be

selected; if the two routes also have the same priority, then the static multicast route is prior to the

unicast route.

2. RPF Mechanism Application

When the router receives multicast packets sent from multicast source S to multicast group G, it

will look up the multicast forwarding table at first:

225