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How the Router Implements the Port Forwarding Rule

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AC1200 WiFi Router Model R6120 Dynamic DNS makes it much easier to access a server from the Internet because you can enter the name in the web browser. Otherwise, you must know the IP address that the ISP assigned, which typically changes. How the Router Implements the Port Forwarding Rule The following sequence shows the effects of a port forwarding rule: 1. When you enter the URL www.example.com in your browser, the browser sends a web page request message with the following destination information: • Destination address. The IP address of www.example.com, which is the address of your router. • Destination port number. 80, which is the standard port number for a web server process. 2. The router receives the message and finds your port forwarding rule for incoming port 80 traffic. 3. The router changes the destination IP address in the message to 192.168.1.123 and sends the message to that computer. 4. Your web server at IP address 192.168.1.123 receives the request and sends a reply message to your router. 5. Your router performs Network Address Translation (NAT) on the source IP address and sends the reply through the Internet to the computer or mobile device device that sent the web page request. Manage Port Triggering for Services and Applications Port triggering is a dynamic extension of port forwarding that is useful in these cases: • An application must use port forwarding to more than one local computer (but not simultaneously). • An application must open incoming ports that are different from the outgoing port. With port triggering, the router monitors traffic to the Internet from an outbound "trigger" port that you specify. For outbound traffic from that port, the router saves the IP address of the computer that sent the traffic. The router temporarily opens the incoming port or ports that you specify in your rule and forwards that incoming traffic to that destination. Port forwarding creates a static mapping of a port number or range of ports to a single local computer. Port triggering can dynamically open ports to any computer when needed and close the ports when they are no longer needed. Note If you use applications such as multiplayer gaming, peer-to-peer connections, real-time communications such as instant messaging, or remote assistance, enable Universal Plug-N-Play (UPnP). See Improve Network Connections With Universal Plug-N-Play on page 96. Manage Port Forwarding and Port Triggering 120

Section	Page
Contents	3
1. Hardware Overview of the Router	8
Unpack Your Router	9
LED Descriptions	10
Ports, Buttons, and Connectors on the Back Panel	10
Router Label	12
Position the Router	12
Cable Your Router	13
2. Connect to the Network and Access the Router	14
Connect to the Router	15
Connect to the Router Through an Ethernet Cable	15
Join the WiFi Network of the Router	15
Manual Method	15
Wi-Fi Protected Setup Method	16
Types of Logins	16
Use a Web Browser to Access the Router	17
Automatic Internet Setup	17
Log In to the Router	18
Change the Language	18
Access the Router With the NETGEAR genie App	19
3. Specify Your Internet Settings	20
Use the Internet Setup Wizard	21
Manually Set Up the Internet Connection	21
Specify an Internet Connection Without a Login	21
Specify an Internet Connection That Uses a Login and PPPoE Service	22
Specify an Internet Connection That Uses a Login and PPTP Service	24
Specify an Internet Connection That Uses a Login and L2TP Service	25
Specify an IPv6 Internet Connection	26
IPv6 Internet Connections and IPv6 Addresses	26
Use Auto Detect for an IPv6 Internet Connection	27
Use Auto Config for an IPv6 Internet Connection	28
Set Up an IPv6 6to4 Tunnel Internet Connection	29
Set Up an IPv6 Pass-Through Internet Connection	30
Set Up a Fixed IPv6 Internet Connection	31
Set Up an IPv6 DHCP Internet Connection	32
Set Up an IPv6 PPPoE Internet Connection	33
Manage the MTU Size	35
MTU Concepts	35
Change the MTU Size	36
4. Control Access to the Internet	37
Set Up Parental Controls	38
Allow or Block Access to Your Network	39
Enable and Manage Network Access Control	39
Manage Network Access Control Lists	40
Add Devices to or Remove Them From the Allowed List	41
Add Devices to or Remove Them From the Blocked List	42
Use Keywords to Block Internet Sites	43
Set Up Blocking	43
Remove a Keyword or Domain From the Blocked List	44
Remove All Keywords and Domains From the Blocked List	44
Specify a Trusted Computer	45
Set Up a Schedule for Keyword Blocking and Outbound Firewall Rules	45
5. Manage the Basic WiFi Network Settings	47
Manage the Basic WiFi Settings and WiFi Security of the Main Network	48
View or Change the Basic WiFi Settings and WiFi Security Settings	48
Configure WEP Legacy WiFi Security	53
Configure WPA/WPA2 Enterprise WiFi Security	54
Use WPS to Add a Device to the WiFi Network	56
Use WPS With the Push Button Method	56
Use WPS With the PIN Method	57
Manage the Basic WiFi Settings and WiFi Security of the Guest Network	58
Enable or Disable the WiFi Radios	61
6. Share a Storage Device Attached to the Router	63
USB Device Requirements	64
Connect a USB Device to the Router	65
Access a Storage Device Connected to the Router	65
Access the Storage Device From a Windows-Based Computer	65
Access the Storage Device From a Mac	66
Map a USB Device to a Windows Network Drive	66
Manage Access to a Storage Device	67
Enable FTP Access Within Your Network	68
View Network Folders on a Device	69
Add a Network Folder on a Storage Device	70
Change a Network Folder, Including Read and Write Access, on a USB Drive	71
Approve USB Devices	71
Safely Remove a USB Device	72
7. Share a USB Printer	74
Install the Printer Driver and Cable the Printer	75
Download the ReadySHARE Printer Utility	75
Install the ReadySHARE Printer Utility	75
Use the Shared Printer	76
Manually Connect and Print	76
Print and Release the Printer	76
View or Change the Status of a Printer	77
Use the Scan Feature of a Multifunction USB Printer	78
Manage the NETGEAR USB Control Center Settings	78
Turn Off Automatic Startup of the NETGEAR USB Control Center	78
Change the NETGEAR USB Control Center Language	79
Specify the USB Control Center Time-Out	79
8. Manage the WAN and LAN Network Settings	80
Manage the WAN Security Settings	81
Set Up a Default DMZ Server	81
Manage IGMP Proxying	82
Manage VPN Pass-Through	83
Manage NAT Filtering	83
Manage the SIP Application-Level Gateway	84
Manage the LAN IP Address Settings	84
Manage the Router Information Protocol Settings	85
Manage the DHCP Server Address Pool	86
Manage Reserved LAN IP Addresses	87
Reserve a LAN IP Address	87
Change a Reserved IP Address	88
Remove a Reserved IP Address Entry	88
Disable the Built-In DHCP Server	89
Change the Router’s Device Name	89
Set Up and Manage Custom Static Routes	90
Set Up a Static Route	91
Change a Static Route	92
Remove a Static Route	92
Set Up a Bridge for a Port Group or VLAN Tag Group	93
Set Up a Bridge for a Port Group	93
Set Up a Bridge for a VLAN Tag Group	94
Improve Network Connections With Universal Plug-N-Play	96
9. Manage the Router	97
Update the Firmware of the Router	98
Check for New Firmware and Update the Router	98
Manually Upload New Firmware and Update the Router	99
Change the admin Password	100
Set Up Password Recovery	101
Recover the admin Password	101
Manage the Configuration File of the Router	102
Back Up the Settings	102
Restore the Settings	102
Return the Router to Its Factory Default Settings	103
Use the Reset Button	103
Erase the Settings	104
View the Status and Statistics of the Router	105
View Information About the Router and the Internet and WiFi Settings	105
Display Internet Port Statistics	105
Check the Internet Connection Status	106
Manage the Activity Log	107
View, Email, or Clear the Logs	107
Specify Which Activities Are Logged	108
View Devices Currently on the Network	108
10. Manage the Advanced WiFi Features	110
Set Up a WiFi Schedule	111
Manage the WPS Settings	111
Manage Advanced WiFi Settings	112
Use the Router as a WiFi Access Point Only	113
11. Manage Port Forwarding and Port Triggering	115
Manage Port Forwarding to a Local Server for Services and Applications	116
Forward Incoming Traffic for a Default Service or Application	116
Add a Port Forwarding Rule With a Custom Service or Application	117
Change a Port Forwarding Rule	118
Remove a Port Forwarding Rule	119
Application Example: Make a Local Web Server Public	119
How the Router Implements the Port Forwarding Rule	120
Manage Port Triggering for Services and Applications	120
Add a Port Triggering Rule	121
Change a Port Triggering Rule	122
Remove a Port Triggering Rule	123
Specify the Time-Out for Port Triggering	123
Disable Port Triggering	124
Application Example: Port Triggering for Internet Relay Chat	124
12. Troubleshooting	126
Reboot the Router From Its Web Interface	127
Quick Tips	127
Sequence to Restart Your Network	127
Check Ethernet Cable Connections	127
WiFi Settings	128
Network Settings	128
Troubleshoot With the LEDs	128
Standard LED Behavior When the Router Is Powered On	128
Power LED Is Off or Blinking	128
Power LED Stays Amber	129
Internet or Ethernet LEDs Are Off	129
WiFi LED Is Off	129
You Cannot Log In to the Router	129
You Cannot Access the Internet	130
Check the WAN IP Address	130
Troubleshoot PPPoE	131
Troubleshoot Internet Browsing	132
Changes Are Not Saved	132
Troubleshoot WiFi Connectivity	133
Troubleshoot Your Network Using the Ping Utility	133
Test the LAN Path to Your Router	133
Test the Path From Your Computer to a Remote Device	134
13. Supplemental Information	135
Factory Settings	136

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Dynamic DNS makes it much easier to access a server from the Internet because you can enter the

name in the web browser. Otherwise, you must know the IP address that the ISP assigned, which

typically changes.

How the Router Implements the Port Forwarding Rule

The following sequence shows the effects of a port forwarding rule:

When you enter the URL www.example.com in your browser, the browser sends a web page request

message with the following destination information:

•

Destination address

.The IP address of www.example.com, which is the address of your router.

•

Destination port number

. 80, which is the standard port number for a web server process.

The router receives the message and finds your port forwarding rule for incoming port 80 traffic.

The router changes the destination IP address in the message to 192.168.1.123 and sends the message

to that computer.

Your web server at IP address 192.168.1.123 receives the request and sends a reply message to your

router.

Your router performs Network Address Translation (NAT) on the source IP address and sends the reply

through the Internet to the computer or mobile device device that sent the web page request.

Manage Port Triggering for Services and Applications

Port triggering is a dynamic extension of port forwarding that is useful in these cases:

•

An application must use port forwarding to more than one local computer (but not simultaneously).

•

An application must open incoming ports that are different from the outgoing port.

With port triggering, the router monitors traffic to the Internet from an outbound “trigger” port that you specify.

For outbound traffic from that port, the router saves the IP address of the computer that sent the traffic. The

router temporarily opens the incoming port or ports that you specify in your rule and forwards that incoming

traffic to that destination.

Port forwarding creates a static mapping of a port number or range of ports to a single local computer. Port

triggering can dynamically open ports to any computer when needed and close the ports when they are no

longer needed.

If you use applications such as multiplayer gaming, peer-to-peer connections, real-time

communications such as instant messaging, or remote assistance, enable Universal

Plug-N-Play (UPnP). See

Improve Network Connections With Universal Plug-N-Play

page 96.

Note

Manage Port Forwarding and Port Triggering

120

AC1200 WiFi Router Model R6120