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HP P4000 9.0 HP StorageWorks P4000 SAN Solution User Guide - Page 57

Using RAID for data redundancy, Using Network RAID in a cluster - lost disk

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Using RAID for data redundancy Within each storage system, RAID 1 or RAID 10 ensures that two copies of all data exist. If one of the disks in a RAID pair goes down, data reads and writes continue on the other disk. Similarly, RAID 5, RAID 50, or RAID 6 provides redundancy by spreading parity evenly across the disks in the set. If one disk in a RAID 5 set, or two disks in a RAID 6 set goes down, data reads and writes continue on the remaining disks in the set. In RAID 50, up to one disk in each RAID 5 set can go down, and data reads and writes continue on the remaining disks. RAID protects against failure of disks within a storage system, but not against failure of an entire storage system. For example, if network connectivity to the storage system is lost, then data reads and writes to the storage system cannot continue. NOTE: If you plan on using clusters with only a single storage system, use RAID 1 and RAID 10, RAID 5, or RAID 6 to ensure data redundancy within that storage system. Using Network RAID in a cluster A cluster is a group of storage systems across which data can be protected by using Network RAID. Network RAID protects against the failure of a RAID disk set within a storage system, failure of an entire storage system or external failures like networking or power. For example, if an entire storage system in a cluster becomes unavailable, data reads and writes continue because the missing data can be obtained from the other storage systems. Using disk RAID with Network RAID in a cluster Always use Network RAID in a cluster to protect volumes across storage systems. The redundancy provided by RAID 10, RAID 5, RAID 50, or RAID 6 ensures availability at the storage system level. Using Network RAID for volumes in a cluster ensures availability at the cluster level. For example: • Using Network RAID, up to three copies of a volume can be created on a cluster of three storage systems. The Network RAID configuration ensures that two of the three storage systems can go offline and the volume is still accessible. • Configuring RAID 10 on these storage systems means that each of these three copies of the volume is stored on two disks within the storage system, for a total of six copies of each volume. For a 50 GB volume, 300 GB of disk capacity is used. RAID 5 and RAID 50 use less disk capacity than RAID 1 or RAID 10, so they can be combined with Network RAID and still use capacity efficiently. One benefit of configuring RAID 5 or RAID 50 in storage systems that use Network RAID in a cluster is that if a single disk goes down, the data on that storage system can be rebuilt using RAID instead of requiring a complete copy from another storage system in the cluster. Rebuilding the disks within a single set is faster and creates less of a performance impact to applications accessing data than copying data from another storage system in the cluster. RAID 6 provides similar space benefits to RAID 5, with the additional protection of being able to survive the loss of up to two drives. P4000 SAN Solution user guide 57

Section	Page
P4000 SAN Solution user guide	1
Contents	3
1 Getting started	25
Using the CMC	25
Auto discover	25
The CMC	25
Performing tasks in the CMC using the menu bar	27
Using the navigation window	27
Logging in	27
Traversing the navigation window	27
Getting Started Launch Pad	27
Available systems	27
CMC storage hierarchy	28
Icons	28
Using the tab window	28
Tab window conventions	28
Using the Map View tab	29
Manipulating the Map View	29
Using the display tools	29
Using views and layouts	30
Using the Alarms window	30
Setting preferences	30
Setting the font and locale	30
Setting naming conventions	30
Changing naming conventions	31
Creating storage by using the Getting Started Launch Pad	33
Prerequisites	33
Finding the storage systems	33
Configuring storage systems	34
Configure storage system categories	34
Creating a volume using the wizard	34
Enabling server access to volumes	35
Finding storage systems on an ongoing basis	36
Turn off Auto Discover by Broadcast for storage systems	36
Troubleshooting—Storage systems not found	36
Possible reasons for not finding storage systems	36
Changing which storage systems appear in the navigation window	36
CMC setup for remote support	37
2 Working with storage systems	39
Storage system configuration categories	39
Storage system configuration category definitions	39
Storage system tasks	39
Working with the storage system	40
Logging in to and out of storage systems	40
Automatic login	40
Logging out of a storage system	40
Changing the storage system hostname	40
Locating the storage system in a rack	41
Backing up and restoring the storage system configuration	41
Backing up storage system does not save all settings	41
Manual configuration steps following the restore	42
Backing up the storage system configuration file	42
Restoring the storage system configuration from a file	42
Powering off or rebooting the storage system	43
Powering on or off, or rebooting storage systems with modular components	43
Rebooting the storage system	44
Powering off the storage system	45
Upgrading the SAN/iQ software on the storage system	46
Upgrading the CMC and storage systems	46
Setting upgrade preferences	46
Checking for available upgrades	46
Upgrading the CMC	47
Upgrading storage systems in a management group or available storage systems	47
Monitoring upgrade progress	49
Reviewing the upgrade summary	49
Registering advanced features for a storage system	49
Determining volume and snapshot availability	49
Checking status of dedicated boot devices	50
Checking boot device status	50
Getting there	50
Replacing a dedicated boot device	51
3 Storage Configuration: Disk RAID and Disk Management	53
Configuring RAID and managing disks	53
Getting there	53
Status indicators	53
Configuring and managing RAID	54
RAID Levels	54
Explaining RAID devices in the RAID setup report	55
RAID devices by RAID type	56
Virtual RAID devices	56
Planning the RAID configuration	56
Data protection	56
Using RAID for data redundancy	57
Using Network RAID in a cluster	57
Using disk RAID with Network RAID in a cluster	57
Mixing RAID configurations	58
Setting RAID rebuild rate	59
General guidelines for setting the RAID rebuild rate	59
Setting the RAID rebuild rate	59
Reconfiguring RAID	59
To reconfigure RAID	60
Monitoring RAID status	60
Data reads and writes and RAID status	60
Data redundancy and RAID status	60
Managing disks	61
Getting there	62
Reading the disk report on the Disk Setup tab	62
Verifying disk status	63
Viewing disk status for the DL320s (NSM 2120)	63
Viewing disk status for the IBM x3650	64
Viewing disk status for the VSA	65
Viewing disk status for the Dell 2950 and NSM 2060	66
Viewing disk status for the NSM 4150	66
Viewing disk status for the HP LeftHand P4500 and HP StorageWorks P4500 G2	67
Viewing disk status for the HP LeftHand P4300 and HP StorageWorks P4300 G2	68
Viewing disk status for the HP LeftHand P4800 and HP StorageWorks P4800 G2	69
Replacing a disk	70
Using Repair Storage System	71
Replacing disks in hot-swap storage systems	71
Preparing for a disk replacement	72
To prepare for disk replacement	72
Identify physical location of storage system and disk	72
Best practice checklist for single disk replacement in RAID 0	73
Best practice checklist for single disk replacement in RAID 1, RAID 10, RAID 5, RAID 50, and RAID 6	73
Replacing a disk in RAID 0	73
Manually power off the disk in the CMC for RAID 0	73
Physically replace the disk drive in the storage system	74
Manually powering on the disk in the CMC	74
Volume restriping	74
Replacing a disk in a non-hot-swap storage system (IBM x3650)	74
Manually power off the disk in the CMC for RAID 1, RAID 10, and RAID 5	75
Physically replace the disk drive in the storage system	75
Manually powering on the disk in the CMC	75
Manually powering on the disk in the IBM x3650	75
RAID rebuilding	76
Replacing a disk in a hot-swap storage system	76
Replace the disk	76
Physically replace the disk drive in the storage system	76
RAID rebuilding	77
4 Managing the network	79
Network best practices	79
Changing network configurations	79
Best practices when changing network characteristics	79
Getting there	80
Managing settings on network interfaces	80
Requirements	80
TCP status tab	80
Changing speed and duplex settings	81
Requirements	82
Best practice	82
To change the speed and duplex	82
Changing NIC frame size	82
Requirements	82
Best practices	82
Jumbo frames	83
Editing the NIC frame size	83
Changing NIC flow control	84
Requirements	84
Enabling NIC flow control	84
The TCP/IP tab	85
Identifying the network interfaces	85
Pinging an IP address	85
To ping an IP address	85
Configuring the IP address manually	86
Using DHCP	86
To set IP address using DHCP	86
Configuring network interface bonds	87
Best practices	88
IP address for NIC bonds	88
NIC bonding and speed, duplex, frame size, and flow control settings	88
How Active-Passive works	88
Physical and logical interfaces	89
Requirements for Active-Passive	89
Which physical interface is preferred	89
Summary of NIC status during failover	90
Example network cabling topologies with Active-Passive	90
How link aggregation dynamic mode works	92
Requirements for link aggregation dynamic mode	92
Which physical interface is preferred	93
Which physical interface is active	93
Summary of NIC states during failover	93
Example network cabling topologies with link aggregation dynamic mode	94
How Adaptive Load Balancing works	94
Requirements for Adaptive Load Balancing	94
Which physical interface is preferred	94
Which physical interface is active	95
Summary of NIC states during failover	95
Example network cabling topologies with Adaptive Load Balancing	95
Creating a NIC bond	96
Prerequisites	96
Bond guidelines	96
Creating the bond	97
Verify communication setting for new bond	99
Viewing the status of a NIC bond	99
Deleting a NIC bond	101
Verify NIC settings and communication settings after deleting a bond	102
Disabling a network interface	102
Disabling a network interface	103
If the storage system is in a management group	103
Configuring a disabled interface	103
Using a DNS server	103
DNS and DHCP	104
DNS and static IP addresses	104
Getting there	104
Adding the DNS domain name	104
Adding the DNS server	104
Adding domain names to the DNS suffixes	105
Editing a DNS server	105
Editing a domain name in the DNS suffixes list	105
Removing a DNS server	105
Removing a domain suffix from the DNS suffixes list	106
Setting up routing	106
Adding routing information	106
Editing routing information	106
Deleting routing information	107
Configuring storage system communication	107
Selecting the interface used by the SAN/iQ software	107
Updating the list of manager IP addresses	108
Requirements	108
5 Setting the date and time	111
Management group time	111
Getting there	111
Refreshing the management group time	111
Using NTP	112
Editing NTP servers	112
Deleting an NTP server	113
Delete an NTP server	113
Changing the order of NTP servers	113
Editing the date and time	113
Editing the time zone only	114
6 Administrative users and groups	115
Getting there	115
Managing administrative users	115
Default administrative user	115
Adding a new administrative user	115
Editing administrative users	115
Changing a user’s description	116
Changing a user’s password	116
Adding group membership to a user	116
Removing group membership from a user	116
Deleting an administrative user	116
Managing administrative groups	117
Default administrative groups	117
Adding administrative groups	117
What the permission levels mean	118
Editing administrative groups	118
Change the description of a group	118
Changing administrative group permissions	118
Adding users to an existing group	119
Removing users from a group	119
Deleting administrative groups	119
7 Monitoring and reporting	121
Alarms and events overview	121
Working with alarms	123
Filtering the alarms list	123
Displaying alarm details	124
Displaying alarms in a separate window	124
Exporting alarm data	124
Working with events	125
Displaying new events	125
Filtering the events list	125
Saving filter views	126
Deleting custom filters	126
Displaying event details	127
Displaying events in a separate window	127
Copying events to the clipboard	127
Exporting event data	128
Setting up remote log destinations	128
Changing the event retention period	128
Event notification overview	129
Setting up email notification	129
Setting up the email server	129
Setting up email recipients	129
Setting up SNMP	130
Getting there	130
Enabling SNMP agents	130
Enabling the SNMP agent	131
Configuring access control for SNMP clients	131
Adding an SNMP client	131
Editing access control entries	132
Deleting access control entries	132
Disabling the SNMP agent	132
Disabling SNMP	132
Adding SNMP traps	133
Editing trap recipients	133
Removing trap recipients	133
Sending a test trap	134
Disabling SNMP traps	134
Using the SNMP MIBs	134
Installing the LeftHand Networks MIB	134
The supported MIBs	135
Using hardware information reports	135
Running diagnostic reports	136
Getting there	136
Viewing the diagnostic report	136
List of diagnostic tests	137
Using the hardware information report	138
Generating a hardware information report	138
Saving a hardware information report	139
Hardware information report details	139
Using hardware information log files	141
Saving log files	141
Using remote log files	142
Adding a remote log	142
Configuring the remote log target computer	142
Editing remote log targets	143
Deleting remote logs	143
System Summary	143
Exporting support logs	144
8 Working with management groups	145
Functions of management groups	145
Guide for management groups	145
Creating a management group	146
Getting there	146
Creating a new management group	146
Create management group and add storage systems	147
Add administrative user	147
Set management group time	147
Set DNS server	147
Set up email for notification	147
Create cluster and assign a VIP	147
Create a volume and finish creating management group	148
Management group map view tab	148
Creating a management group and default managers	148
Managers overview	149
Functions of managers	149
Managers and quorum	149
Regular managers and specialized managers	150
Failover Managers	150
Virtual Managers	151
Configuration Summary overview	151
Summary roll-up	151
Configuration guidance	152
Best practices	152
Volumes and snapshots	152
iSCSI sessions	152
Storage systems in the management group	153
Storage systems in the cluster	153
Reading the configuration summary	153
Optimal configurations	153
Configuration warnings	154
Configuration errors	154
Best Practice summary overview	155
Disk level data protection	156
Disk protection using RAID	156
Large single-system SATA cluster	156
Cluster-level data protection	156
Volume-level data protection	156
Volume access	156
Systems running managers	156
Network speed and bandwidth	156
Management group maintenance tasks	157
Logging in to a management group	157
Choosing which storage system to log in to	157
Logging out of a management group	157
Adding a storage system to an existing management group	158
Starting and stopping managers	158
Starting additional managers	158
Stopping managers	158
Implications of stopping managers	158
Editing a management group	159
Setting or changing the local bandwidth priority	159
Local bandwidth priority settings	159
Set or change local bandwidth priority	160
Backing up a management group configuration	160
Backing up a management group with remote copy relationships	160
Back up a management group configuration	160
Restoring a management group	161
Safely shutting down a management group	161
Prerequisites	161
Shut down the management group	161
If volumes are still connected to servers or hosts	161
Start the management group back up	162
Restarted management group in maintenance mode	162
Manually change management group to normal mode	162
Removing a storage system from a management group	163
Prerequisites	163
Remove the storage system	164
Deleting a management group	164
Prerequisites	164
Delete the management group	164
Setting the management group version	164
9 Using specialized managers	165
Definitions	165
Failover Manager overview	165
Failover Manager requirements	165
Minimum system requirements for using with VMware ESX Server	165
Planning the virtual network configuration	166
Upgrading the 7.0 Failover Manager	166
Using the Failover Manager on VMware ESX Server	166
Configuring the Failover Manager using the VI Client	166
Add Failover Manager to inventory	166
Select a network connection	167
Power on the Failover Manager and configure the IP address and host name	167
Setting the IP address	167
Finishing up with VI Client	168
Uninstalling the Failover Manager from VMware ESX Server	168
Troubleshooting the Failover Manager on ESX Server	169
Virtual manager overview	169
When to use a virtual manager	170
Disaster recovery using a virtual manager	170
Management group across two sites with shared data	170
Management group in a single location with two storage systems	170
Storage system maintenance using a virtual manager	170
Benefits of a virtual manager	170
Requirements for using a virtual manager	170
Configuring a cluster for disaster recovery	172
Best practice	172
Configuration steps	172
Adding a virtual manager	174
Starting a virtual manager to regain quorum	174
Starting a virtual manager	175
Verifying virtual manager status	176
Stopping a virtual manager	176
Removing a virtual manager	176
10 Working with clusters	177
Clusters and storage system capacity	177
Prerequisites	177
Creating additional clusters	177
Prerequisites	177
Number of storage systems in clusters	177
To create additional clusters	177
Configure virtual IP and iSNS for iSCSI	178
Using Virtual IP addresses	178
Adding an iSNS server	178
Clusters Map View	178
Tracking cluster usage	179
Editing a cluster	179
Prerequisite	179
Getting there	179
Adding a new storage system to an existing cluster	179
Prerequisite	180
Storage systems and cluster capacity	180
Example	180
Adding storage to a cluster	180
Removing a storage system from a cluster	180
Changing or removing the virtual IP	181
Preparing servers	181
Changing the virtual IP address	181
Removing the virtual IP address	181
Finishing up	181
Changing or removing an iSNS server	181
Preparing clients	182
Changing an iSNS server	182
Deleting an iSNS server	182
Finishing up	182
Troubleshooting a cluster	182
Auto Performance Protection	182
Auto Performance Protection and the VSA	183
Auto Performance Protection and other clusters	183
Checking storage system status	183
If status is Storage Server Overloaded	184
If status is Storage Server Inoperable	184
If these statuses recur	184
Repairing a storage system	184
Prerequisites	184
How repair storage system works	185
Using the repair storage system command	185
To return the repaired storage system to the cluster	186
Deleting a cluster	188
Prerequisite	188
11 Provisioning storage	189
Understanding how the capacity of the SAN is used	189
Provisioning storage	189
Provisioning volumes	190
Full provisioning	190
Thin provisioning	190
Best practice for setting volume size	190
Planning data protection	190
Former terminology in release 8.1 and earlier	191
Data protection level	191
How data protection levels work	192
Network RAID–10 (2–Way Mirror)	192
Network RAID-10+1 (3-Way Mirror)	193
Network RAID-10+1 (4-Way Mirror)	193
Network RAID-5 (Single Parity)	194
Network RAID-6 (Dual Parity)	195
Provisioning snapshots	196
Snapshots versus backups	196
The effect of snapshots on cluster space	197
Managing capacity using volume size and snapshots	197
Volume size and snapshots	197
Schedules to snapshot a volume and capacity	197
Deleting snapshots	197
Ongoing capacity management	198
Number of volumes and snapshots	198
Reviewing SAN capacity and usage	198
Cluster use summary	198
Volume use summary	200
System Use summary	201
Measuring disk capacity and volume size	202
Block systems and file systems	202
Storing file system data on a block system	202
Changing the volume size on the server	203
Increasing the volume size in Microsoft Windows	203
Increasing the volume size in other environments	204
Changing configuration characteristics to manage space	204
12 Using volumes	205
Volumes and server access	205
Prerequisites	205
Planning volumes	205
Planning how many volumes	205
Planning volume types	206
Guide for volumes	206
Creating a volume	208
Creating a basic volume	208
Configuring advanced volume settings [optional]	208
Configuring advanced volume settings	208
Volumes map view	209
Editing a volume	209

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Using RAID for data redundancy

Within each storage system, RAID 1 or RAID 10 ensures that two copies of all data exist. If one of

the disks in a RAID pair goes down, data reads and writes continue on the other disk. Similarly, RAID

5, RAID 50, or RAID 6 provides redundancy by spreading parity evenly across the disks in the set.

If one disk in a RAID 5 set, or two disks in a RAID 6 set goes down, data reads and writes continue

on the remaining disks in the set. In RAID 50, up to one disk in each RAID 5 set can go down, and

data reads and writes continue on the remaining disks.

RAID protects against failure of disks within a storage system, but not against failure of an entire

storage system. For example, if network connectivity to the storage system is lost, then data reads and

writes to the storage system cannot continue.

NOTE:

If you plan on using clusters with only a single storage system, use RAID 1 and RAID 10, RAID 5, or

RAID 6 to ensure data redundancy within that storage system.

Using Network RAID in a cluster

A cluster is a group of storage systems across which data can be protected by using Network RAID.

Network RAID protects against the failure of a RAID disk set within a storage system, failure of an

entire storage system or external failures like networking or power. For example, if an entire storage

system in a cluster becomes unavailable, data reads and writes continue because the missing data

can be obtained from the other storage systems.

Using disk RAID with Network RAID in a cluster

Always use Network RAID in a cluster to protect volumes across storage systems. The redundancy

provided by RAID 10, RAID 5, RAID 50, or RAID 6 ensures availability at the storage system level.

Using Network RAID for volumes in a cluster ensures availability at the cluster level. For example:

•

Using Network RAID, up to three copies of a volume can be created on a cluster of three storage

systems. The Network RAID configuration ensures that two of the three storage systems can go

offline and the volume is still accessible.

•

Configuring RAID 10 on these storage systems means that each of these three copies of the volume

is stored on two disks within the storage system, for a total of six copies of each volume. For a 50

GB volume, 300 GB of disk capacity is used.

RAID 5 and RAID 50 use less disk capacity than RAID 1 or RAID 10, so they can be combined with

Network RAID and still use capacity efficiently. One benefit of configuring RAID 5 or RAID 50 in

storage systems that use Network RAID in a cluster is that if a single disk goes down, the data on that

storage system can be rebuilt using RAID instead of requiring a complete copy from another storage

system in the cluster. Rebuilding the disks within a single set is faster and creates less of a performance

impact to applications accessing data than copying data from another storage system in the cluster.

RAID 6 provides similar space benefits to RAID 5, with the additional protection of being able to

survive the loss of up to two drives.

P4000 SAN Solution user guide