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Yamaha AW2816 Owner's Manual - Page 184

Mastering, About mastering, Stereo tracks that can be mastered, Media that can be used with

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Chapter 12 Mastering This chapter explains the Mastering function that lets you use a CD- RW drive to create an audio CD. About mastering The AW2816 can write audio data from the stereo track of a song to CD-R/RW media in CD-DA format. CD-R/RW media that has been written in this way can be played back on a CD-RW drive or on a conventional CD player in the same way as an audio CD. Some CD players or CD-ROM drives that do not support CD-R/RW may be unable to play CD-R/RW media to which audio data has been written. Stereo tracks that can be mastered To perform mastering, you select one or more songs that contain the stereo tracks you want to write, and write these stereo tracks to the CD-R/RW media. However in order to be usable for mastering, the song must have a quantization of 16 bits or 24 bits and a sampling frequency of 44.1 kHz, must be saved on the internal hard disk, and the stereo track must be longer than four seconds. • Mastering cannot be performed for a stereo track that is part of a song whose sampling frequency is 48 kHz. • In the case of a 24 bit/44.1 kHz stereo track, the lower 8 bits will be discarded when the data is written, converting the track into 16 bit/44.1 kHz data. Media that can be used with the CD-RW drive A CD-RW drive supports two types of media: "CD-R" which allows data to be stored and only added to, and "CD-RW" which allows the stored data to be erased and rewritten. These two types of media have the following features. • CD-R CD-R media allows data to be stored, and additional data to be stored later. Data that has been written cannot be erased and re-written. CD-R media is available mainly in 650 MB and 700 MB capacities. CD-R media to which audio data has been written by the AW2816's mastering function can be played on CD-RW drives and on most CD players once the "Finalize" operation has been performed. • CD-RW CD-RW media allows all recorded data to be erased and re-written. It does not allow additional increments of data to be stored, as does CD-R. Most CD-RW media is available in a capacity of 650 MB. CD-RW media to which audio data has been written by the AW2816's mastering function can be played back on CD-RW drives and on some CD players. However at present, you should be aware that most CD players do not support CDRW. Mastering 12 Operation section 179

Section	Page
Important	4
Table of contents	6
Operation section	10
Before you begin	10
Checking the included items	10
Installing an internal hard disk	11
Installing a CD-RW drive	13
Removing the transport protection pad	16
Attaching an external SCSI device	17
Installing I/O card	19
Please observe the following points	20
1 Parts and their functions	22
Top panel	22
Rear panel	31
Front panel	33
2 Welcome to the world of the AW2816	34
Features of the AW2816	34
Signal flow within the AW2816	36
The track structure of the AW2816	42
About the display	43
Basic operation of the AW2816	45
3 Let’s record on the AW2816	49
Connections and setup	49
Recording the first track	54
Recording additional tracks (Overdubbing)	60
Mixing to the stereo track (Mixdown)	66
Saving your song	70
Advanced techniques on the AW2816	71
4 Input/output patching	79
Assigning signals to input channels/ return channels (Input Patch)	79
Assigning signals to the recorder inputs (Recorder Input Patch)	81
Assigning signals to output jacks/ output channels (Output Patch)	82
Using the patch library	84
Inserting an external effect into a channel	86
Quickly assigning input signals to tracks (Quick Rec)	88
5 Using the internal effects	90
About the internal effects	90
Using AUX send/return to apply an effect	91
Inserting an effect into a specific channel	95
Applying effects while you record	97
Adjusting the effect parameters	99
Saving an effect program	100
6 Transport/Locate operations	101
Transport key functions	101
Fast forward-play/Fast reverse-play (the Shuttle function)	101
Searching for a point while you listen (the Nudge function)	102
Searching for a point while viewing the waveform	103
Rewinding for a specific distance (Rollback)	104
Repeatedly playing a specified region (A-B Repeat)	105
Locating to a specified point	106
Locating to the zero location of the counter	107
Using various locate points to locate	108
Using markers to locate	109
Editing the location of a locate point or marker	110
Deleting a locate point/marker	112
7 Editing tracks and virtual tracks	113
Editing tracks and virtual tracks	113
Tracks, parts, and regions	114
Naming a track or region	115
Editing the audio data of tracks 1–16	117
Editing the audio data of virtual tracks 1–8	122
Editing commands	124
8 Scene memory operations	133
About scene memories	133
Storing a scene	134
Recalling a scene	135
Editing the name of a scene	136
Protecting a scene	137
Changing the order of scenes	138
9 Using automix	139
About automix	139
Creating a new automix	140
Recording and playing an automix	141
Recording additional mix elements	144
Re-recording only part of the automix (Punch-in/out)	145
Re-recording fader operations	147
Editing individual automix events	149
Storing an automix	151
Recalling an automix	152
10 Managing songs	153
About songs	153
Saving the current song	154
Loading a song	155
Editing the song name/comment	156
Protecting a song	157
Duplicating a song	158
Deleting an unwanted song	159
Deleting unused audio data from a song (Optimize)	160
Importing mixer data from an existing song	161
Importing tracks from an existing song	162
11 Using the internal hard disk/ external storage devices	164
Formatting the internal hard disk	164
Formatting an external drive	165
Erasing CD-RW media	166
Backing up songs	167
Restoring backup data	169
Tidying up the data of the internal hard disk (Defrag)	171
Writing a track to a WAV file (Exporting a WAV file)	172
Loading a WAV file into a track (Importing a WAV file)	177
Loading CD audio into a track (CD-DA Import)	179
Playing an audio CD (CD Play)	182
12 Mastering	184
About mastering	184
Stereo tracks that can be mastered	184
Media that can be used with the CD-RW drive	184
Track At Once and Disc At Once	185
Checking the free space on the internal hard disk	186
Setting the mastering mode	186
Executing mastering	187
Finalizing a disc	190
13 MIDI	191
What you can do using MIDI	191
MIDI connectors and the TO HOST connector	192
Using the MIDI connectors to connect the AW2816 to external devices	193
Using the TO HOST connector to connect the AW2816 and your computer	194
Using MTC to synchronize the AW2816 and an external device	196
Using MIDI clock to synchronize the AW2816 and an external device	198
Using MMC to control the AW2816	200
Synchronizing two AW2816 units	201
Remotely switching AW2816 scenes	204
Controlling AW2816 parameters from an external device	206
Remotely controlling an external MIDI device	210
Sending the AW2816’s internal settings via MIDI (Bulk Dump)	216
14 Other functions	218
Assigning a functions to the [CTRL] key + function keys	218
Making fine adjustments to the pitch of an entire song (Vari-pitch)	220
Saving channel settings (Channel Library)	221
Saving equalizer settings (EQ Library)	223
Storing dynamics processor settings (Dynamics Library)	225
Copying attenuator settings to all channels	227
Copying delay time/phase settings to all channels	228
Copying pan settings to all channels	229
Copying fade times to all channels	229
Dithering digital signals	230
Using the test tone oscillator	231
Using the metronome	232
Mixing and recording multiple channels	233
Pingpong-recording multiple tracks to one or two tracks	235
Reference section	237
How to read the Reference section	238
SONG screen	239
Song List page	239
Setting page	240
Song Edit page	242
Tempo Map page	243
Shut Down page	245
FILE screen	246
Backup page	246
Restore page	248
Disk Util. page	250
CD screen	252
CD Write page	252
CD Play page	254
QUICK REC screen	256
Quick Rec page	256
SETUP screen	258
D.in Setup page	258
Monitor page	260
Dither Out page	261
Dither TRK page	262
Solo Setup page	263
UTILITY screen	265
Oscillator page	265
Prefer.1 page	266
Prefer. 2 page	268
Prefer. 3 page	270
CTRL Key Asgn. page	272
MIDI screen	274
MIDI Setup 1 page	274
MIDI Setup 2 page	277
PGM Asgn. page	278
CTL Asgn. page	279
Bulk Dump page	283
PATCH screen	285
Patch IN page	285
Patch OUT page	286
Patch Lib page	288
Plug-in page	289
VIEW screen	290
CH View page	290
Library page	293
PAN/ROUTE screen	295
Pan 1–8/Pan MONI page	295
Pair page	297
EQ/ATT/GRP screen	298
EQ/Att page	298
Library page	300
Fader Grp page	302
Mute Grp page	303
DYN/DLY screen	304
Dyn. Edit page	304
Library page	306
Dly/ø1–8/Dly/øMONI page	308
AUX1–AUX4 screens	309
Pre/Pst page	309
AUX5/EFF1, AUX6/EFF2 screens	311
Eff. Edit page	311
Library page	313
Pre/Pst page	315
REMOTE screen	316
Remote A–Remote D pages	316
HOME screen	320
IN/Rtn/MONI page	320
Bus page	321
Omni/ST page	322
Option page	323
TRACK screen	324
TR View page	324
V. Track page	326
Stereo page	327
Mark Adj. page	329
EDIT screen	331
TR Edit page	331
V.TR Edit page	333
CD Import page	335
WavImport page	337
TR Import page	339
AUTOMIX screen	340
Main page	340
Memory page	343
Fader Edit page	345
Event List page	346
SCENE screen	348
Scene Mem page	348
Fade Time page	350
RCL. Safe page	351
Sort page	352
METER screen	353
Meter 1 page	353
Meter 2 page	355
Appendix	357
Preset EQ Program Parameters	358
Preset Effects Programs	362
Effects Parameters	364
Dynamics Processors	379
Preset Dynamics Program Parameters	384
Troubleshooting	390
Display message list	394
Specifications	398
Dimensions	403
MIDI data format	404
MIDI Implementation Chart	416
Index	417

Match case Limit results 1 per page

Mastering

179

Chapter

Operation section

Mastering

This chapter explains the Mastering function that lets you use a CD-

RW drive to create an audio CD.

About mastering

The AW2816 can write audio data from the stereo

track of a song to CD-R/RW media in CD-DA format.

CD-R/RW media that has been written in this way can

be played back on a CD-RW drive or on a conven-

tional CD player in the same way as an audio CD.

Some CD players or CD-ROM drives that do not sup-

port CD-R/RW may be unable to play CD-R/RW

media to which audio data has been written.

Stereo tracks that can be mastered

To perform mastering, you select one or more songs

that contain the stereo tracks you want to write, and

write these stereo tracks to the CD-R/RW media.

However in order to be usable for mastering, the song

must have a quantization of 16 bits or 24 bits and a

sampling frequency of 44.1 kHz, must be saved on

the internal hard disk, and the stereo track must be

longer than four seconds.

•

Mastering cannot be performed for a stereo track

that is part of a song whose sampling frequency is

48 kHz.

•

In the case of a 24 bit/44.1 kHz stereo track, the

lower 8 bits will be discarded when the data is writ-

ten, converting the track into 16 bit/44.1 kHz data.

Media that can be used with the CD-RW drive

A CD-RW drive supports two types of media: “CD-R”

which allows data to be stored and only added to, and

“CD-RW” which allows the stored data to be erased

and rewritten. These two types of media have the fol-

lowing features.

•

CD-R

CD-R media allows data to be stored, and addi-

tional data to be stored later. Data that has been

written cannot be erased and re-written. CD-R

media is available mainly in 650 MB and 700

MB capacities.

CD-R media to which audio data has been writ-

ten by the AW2816’s mastering function can be

played on CD-RW drives and on most CD play-

ers once the “Finalize” operation has been per-

formed.

•

CD-RW

CD-RW media allows all recorded data to be

erased and re-written. It does not allow addi-

tional increments of data to be stored, as does

CD-R. Most CD-RW media is available in a

capacity of 650 MB.

CD-RW media to which audio data has been

written by the AW2816’s mastering function can

be played back on CD-RW drives and on some

CD players. However at present, you should be

aware that most CD players do not support CD-

RW.