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Q VLAN Tags, IEEE 802.1Q Packet Forwarding

UPC - 790069312007

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xStack® DGS-3200 Series Layer 2 Gigabit Ethernet Managed Switch • Forwarding rules between ports - decides whether to filter or forward the packet. • Egress rules - determines if the packet must be sent tagged or untagged. 802.1Q VLAN Tags Figure 3 - 3. IEEE 802.1Q Packet Forwarding The figure below shows the 802.1Q VLAN tag. There are four additional octets inserted after the source MAC address. Their presence is indicated by a value of 0x8100 in the EtherType field. When a packet's EtherType field is equal to 0x8100, the packet carries the IEEE 802.1Q/802.1p tag. The tag is contained in the following two octets and consists of 3 bits of user priority, 1 bit of Canonical Format Identifier (CFI - used for encapsulating Token Ring packets so they can be carried across Ethernet backbones), and 12 bits of VLAN ID (VID). The 3 bits of user priority are used by 802.1p. The VID is the VLAN identifier and is used by the 802.1Q standard. Because the VID is 12 bits long, 4094 unique VLANs can be identified. The tag is inserted into the packet header making the entire packet longer by 4 octets. All of the information originally contained in the packet is retained. 55

Section	Page
Intended Readers	9
Typographical Conventions	9
Notes, Notices, and Cautions	10
Safety Cautions	10
General Precautions for Rack-Mountable Products	11
Lithium Battery Precaution	13
Protecting Against Electrostatic Discharge	13
Web-based Switch Configuration	14
Introduction	14
Logging onto the Web Manager	14
Web-based User Interface	15
Areas of the User Interface	15
Web Pages	16
Configuration	17
Device Information	17
System Information	18
Serial Port Settings	19
IP Address	19
Setting the Switch’s IP Address using the Console Interface	21
IPv6 Interface Settings	21
IPv6 Route Table	22
IPv6 Neighbor Settings	23
Port Configuration	24
Port Settings	24
Port Description	25
Port Error Disabled	25
Static ARP Settings	26
User Accounts	27
Admin and User Privileges	27
System Log Configuration	28
System Log Settings	28
System Log Host	29
System Severity Settings	29
DHCP/BOOTP Relay	30
DHCP/BOOTP Relay Global Settings	30
The Implementation of DHCP Relay Agent Information Option 82	32
DHCP/BOOTP Relay Interface Settings	33
DHCP Local Relay Settings	33
DHCP Auto Configuration Settings	34
MAC Address Aging Time	35
Web Settings	35
Telnet Settings	36
Password Encryption	36
CLI Paging Settings	37
Firmware Information	37
Power Saving Settings	38
Dual Configuration Settings	39
SMTP Settings	40
Ping Test	41
SNTP Settings	42
Time Settings	42
TimeZone Settings	43
MAC Notification Settings	44
MAC Notification Global Settings	44
MAC Notification Port Settings	45
SNMP Settings	46
Traps	46
MIBs	46
SNMP Global State Settings	47
SNMP View Table	47
SNMP Group Table	48
SNMP User Table	49
SNMP Community Table	50
SNMP Host Table	51
SNMP v6Host Table	52
SNMP Engine ID	53
SNMP Trap Configuration	53
RMON	53
Single IP Management	54
Upgrade to v1.61	55
Single IP Settings	56
Topology	57
Tool Tips	59
Right-Click	60
Group Icon	60
Commander Switch Icon	61
Member Switch Icon	62
Candidate Switch Icon	62
Menu Bar	63
File	63
Group	63
Device	63
View	63
Help	63
Firmware Upgrade	64
Configuration File Backup/Restore	64
Upload Log File	64
Layer 2 Features	65
Jumbo Frame	65
Egress Filter Settings	66
802.1Q VLAN	66
Understanding IEEE 802.1p Priority	66
VLAN Description	67
802.1Q VLAN Tags	68
Port VLAN ID	69
Tagging and Untagging	70
Ingress Filtering	70
Default VLANs	70
Port-based VLANs	71
VLAN Segmentation	71
VLAN and Trunk Groups	71
802.1v Protocol VLAN	75
802.1v Protocol Group Settings	75
802.1v Protocol VLAN Settings	75
MAC Based VLAN Settings	77
GVRP Settings	77
PVID Auto Assign Settings	78
Trunking	79
VLAN Trunk Settings	81
LACP Port Settings	82
Traffic Segmentation	83
IGMP Snooping	83
IGMP Snooping Settings	83
Data Driven Learning Settings	84
ISM VLAN Settings	85
Restrictions and Provisos	85
ISM Profile Settings	86
IP Multicast Profile Settings	86
Limited Multicast Address Range Settings	87
Max Multicast Group Settings	88
MLD Snooping Settings	88
MLD Control Messages	88
Port Mirroring	90
Loopback Detection Settings	91
Spanning Tree	92
802.1Q-2005 MSTP	92
802.1D-2004 Rapid Spanning Tree	92
Port Transition States	93
Edge Port	93
P2P Port	93
802.1D-1998/802.1D-2004/802.1Q-2005 Compatibility	93
STP Bridge Global Settings	94
STP Port Settings	95
MST Configuration Identification	97
STP Instance Settings	98
MSTP Port Information	99
Forwarding & Filtering	100
Unicast Forwarding	100
Multicast Forwarding	100
Multicast Filtering Mode	101
QoS	102
Understanding QoS	103
Bandwidth Control	104
Traffic Control	105
802.1p Default Priority	107
802.1p User Priority	107
QoS Scheduling Mechanism	108
Security	109
Safeguard Engine	109
Trusted Host	111
IP-MAC-Port Binding	112
IMP Global Settings	112
IMP Port Settings	112
IMP Entry Settings	114
DHCP Snooping Entries	114
MAC Block List	115
Port Security	116
Port Security Settings	116
Port Lock Entries	117
DHCP Server Screening	118
DHCP Screening Port Settings	118
DHCP Offer Filtering	118
Guest VLAN	120
Limitations Using the Guest VLAN	120
802.1X (Port-Based and Host-Based Access Control)	121
Authentication Server	122
Authenticator	122
Client	123
Authentication Process	123
Understanding 802.1X Port-based and Host-based Network Access Control	124
Port-Based Network Access Control	124
Host-Based Network Access Control	125
802.1X Settings	125
802.1X User	127
Initialize Port(s)	128
Reauthenticate Port(s)	129
Authentic RADIUS Server	130
SSL Settings	131
SSH	133
SSH Configuration	133
SSH Authmode and Algorithm Settings	134
SSH User Authentication Mode	136
Access Authentication Control	137
Authentication Policy and Parameter Settings	138
Application Authentication Settings	138
Authentication Server Group	139
Authentication Server Host	140
Login Method Lists	142
Enable Method Lists	143
Configure Local Enable Password	144
Enable Admin	144
MAC-based Access Control	145
Notes about MAC-based Access Control	145
MAC-based Access Control Settings	145
MAC-based Access Control Local Settings	147
Web-based Access Control (WAC)	147
Conditions and Limitations	149
WAC Global Settings	149
WAC User Settings	150
WAC Port Settings	151
JWAC	152
JWAC Global Settings	152
JWAC Port Settings	154
JWAC User Settings	155
JWAC Customize Page Language	155
JWAC Customize Page	156
Multiple Authentication	156
Any (MAC, 802.1X or WAC) Mode	157
Any (MAC, 802.1X or JWAC) Mode	157
802.1X & IMPB Mode	158
IMPB & WAC/JWAC Mode	158
Authorization Network State Settings	159
Multiple Authentication Settings	159
Guest VLAN	160
IGMP Access Control Settings (IGMP Authentication)	161
ACL	162
Access Profile List	162
CPU Access Profile List	176
Time Range Settings	189
Monitoring	190
Device Environment	190
Cable Diagnostic	191
CPU Utilization	191
Port Utilization	193
Packet Size	194
Packets	196
Received (RX)	196
UMB_cast (RX)	198
Transmitted (TX)	199
Errors	201
Received (RX)	201
Transmitted (TX)	203
Port Access Control	205
Authenticator State	205
Authenticator Statistics	207
Authenticator Session Statistics	209
Authenticator Diagnostics	211
RADIUS Authentication	213
RADIUS Account Client	214
Browse ARP Table	216
Browse VLAN	216
Browse Router Port	217
Browse MLD Router Port	217
Browse Session Table	218
IGMP Snooping Group	218
MLD Snooping Group	219
WAC Authenticating State	220
JWAC Host Table	221
MAC Address Table	222
System Log	223
MAC-based Access Control Authentication State	224
Save Services and Tools	225
Save Configuration ID 1	225
Save Configuration ID 2	226
Save Log	226
Save All	226
Configuration File Backup & Restore	227
Upload Log File	227
Reset	227
Download Firmware	228
Reboot System	228
Appendix A – Mitigating ARP Spoofing Attacks Using Packet Content ACL	229
How ARP Spoofing Attacks a Network	232
Prevent ARP Spoofing via Packet Content ACL	233
Appendix B – Switch Log Entries	236
Appendix C – Trap Logs	247
Appendix D – Password Recovery Procedure	250
Appendix E – Glossary	251

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xStack

DGS-3200 Series Layer 2 Gigabit Ethernet Managed Switch

•

Forwarding rules between ports – decides whether to filter or forward the packet.

•

Egress rules – determines if the packet must be sent tagged or untagged.

Figure 3 - 3. IEEE 802.1Q Packet Forwarding

802.1Q VLAN Tags

The figure below shows the 802.1Q VLAN tag. There are four additional octets inserted after the source MAC address. Their

presence is indicated by a value of 0x8100 in the EtherType field. When a packet’s EtherType field is equal to 0x8100, the packet

carries the IEEE 802.1Q/802.1p tag. The tag is contained in the following two octets and consists of 3 bits of user priority, 1 bit of

Canonical Format Identifier (CFI – used for encapsulating Token Ring packets so they can be carried across Ethernet backbones),

and 12 bits of VLAN ID (VID). The 3 bits of user priority are used by 802.1p. The VID is the VLAN identifier and is used by the

802.1Q standard. Because the VID is 12 bits long, 4094 unique VLANs can be identified.

The tag is inserted into the packet header making the entire packet longer by 4 octets. All of the information originally contained

in the packet is retained.