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5000 Series Layer 2/3 Managed Data Center Switch CLI Reference Guide 4-27 traceroute The traceroute command is used to identify the routes that are actually taken by packets as they travel to their destinations through the network on a hop-by-hop basis. When initiated from the CLl interface, the traceroute command continues to provide a synchronous response. Either the source IP address or the virtual router of the traceroute probes may be specified. It should be noted that the way in which traceroute works is by sending packets that are expected not to reach their ﬁnal destination but, rather, to trigger ICMP error messages that will be sent back to the source address from each stop along the forward path toward the destination. The user can, by specifying the source address, determine at what point along the forward path a route back to the source address is lacking. It should be noted, however, that this is only useful in the event that the route from the source to the destination and from the destination to the source is symmetric. One common usage, for example, is the sending of a traceroute from an edge router to some target located higher up in the network by use of a source address at a host subnet on the edge router. Doing this allows the user to test whether the location within the network is reachable from the host attached to the edge router. Alternatively, a user could send a traceroute in which an address on a loopback interface serves as the source in order to test reachability from within the network back to the loopback interface address. In the CLI, the source can be specified as an IPv4 address, a virtual router, or a routing interface. In the event that a routing interface is specified as the source, the traceroute is sent via the primary IPv4 address on the source interface. With SNMP, it is required that the source be speciﬁed as an address. An incoming packet, such as a traceroute response, that arrives on a routing interface will not be accepted by D-LINK OS if the packet's destination address is located on one of the out-of-band management interfaces (that is, the service port or network port). Similarly, a packet that arrives on a management interface will not be accepted by D-LINK OS if that packet's destination is an address located on a routing interface. As such, it would be pointless to send a traceroute on a management interface while utilizing a routing interface address as the source, or to transmit a traceroute on a routing interface while utilizing a management interface as the source. In other words, if a traceroute is being sent on a routing interface, that routing interface or another routing interface must serve as the source. Similarly, if a traceroute is being sent on a management interface, the source must be located on that management interface. Because of this, a management interface or management interface address cannot be specified as the source by a user. Rather, when a traceroute is being sent on a management interface, a source address should not be specified by the user; instead, the system should be allowed to select the source address from the outgoing interface. traceroute [vrf vrf-name] {ip-address | [ipv6] {ipv6-address | hostname}} [initTtl initTtl] [maxTtl maxTtl] [maxFail maxFail] [interval interval] [count count] [port port] [size size] [source {ip-address | ipv6-address | unit/slot/port}] Parameters By utilizing the options described below, the user can specify the initial and maximum time-to-live (TTL) in probe packets, as well as the size of each probe, the maximum number of failures before termination, and the number of probes sent for each TTL. vrf vrf-name Ip-address ipv6-address (Optional) This parameter indicates the name of the VRF instance from which to initiate the traceroute. Tracerouting can only be accomplished for hosts reachable from within the VRF instance. In the event that a source parameter is specified in concert with a vrf parameter, that parameter must be a member of the VRF. Relatedly, it is not possible to use the ipv6 parameter in conjunction with the vrf parameter. The value for the ipaddress should be a valid IP address. The value for the ipv6-address should be a valid IPv6 address. 38

Section	Page
Table of Contents	2
About This Guide	7
Objective and Audience	7
Acronyms and Abbreviations	7
Guide Conventions	11
1. About D-LINK OS Software	13
About D-LINK OS Software	13
Product Concept	13
2. Using the Command-Line	14
Command Syntax	14
Command Conventions	14
Common Parameter Values	15
Slot/Port Naming Convention	15
Using the No Form of a Command	16
Executing Show Commands	17
CLI Output Filtering	17
Example	17
3. D-LINK OS Modules	18
Command Modes	18
Command Completion and Abbreviation	21
CLI Error Messages	22
CLI Line-Editing Conventions	22
Using CLI Help	23
Accessing the CLI	24
4. Management Commands	25
Network Interface Commands	25
4-1 enable (Privileged EXEC access)	25
Parameters	25
Default	25
Command Mode	25
4-2 do (Privileged EXEC) commands	26
Parameters	26
Default	26
Command Mode	26
Example	26
4-3 serviceport ip	26
Parameters	27
Default	27
Command Mode	27
4-4 serviceport protocol	27
Parameters	27
Default	27
Command Mode	27
4-5 serviceport protocol dhcp	27
Parameters	27
Default	27
Command Mode	28
Usage Guideline	28
Example	28
4-6 network parms	28
Parameters	28
Default	28
Command Mode	28
4-7 network protocol	28
Parameters	29
Default	29
Command Mode	29
4-8 network protocol dhcp	29
Parameters	29
Default	29
Command Mode	29
Usage Guideline	29
Example	29
4-9 show network	29
Parameters	30
Default	30
Command Mode	30
Example	30
Display Parameters	30
4-10 show serviceport	31
Parameters	31
Default	31
Command Mode	31
Example	31
Display Parameters	31
IPv6 Management Commands	32
4-11 serviceport ipv6 enable	32
Parameters	32
Default	32
Command Mode	33
4-12 network ipv6 enable	33
Parameters	33
Default	33
Command Mode	33
4-13 serviceport ipv6 address	33
Parameters	33
Default	34
Command Mode	34
4-14 serviceport ipv6 gateway	34
Parameters	34
Default	34
Command Mode	34
4-15 serviceport ipv6 neighbor	34
Parameters	35
Default	35
Command Mode	35
4-16 network ipv6 neighbor	35
Parameters	35
Default	35
Command Mode	35
4-17 network ipv6 address	35
Parameters	36
Default	36
Command Mode	36
4-18 network ipv6 gateway	36
Parameters	36
Default	36
Command Mode	36
4-19 show network ipv6 neighbors	37
Parameters	37
Default	37
Command Mode	37
Example	37
Display Parameters	37
4-20 show serviceport ipv6 neighbors	37
Parameters	38
Default	38
Command Mode	38
Example	38
Display Parameters	38
4-21 show network ipv6 dhcp statistics	38
Parameters	39
Default	39
Command Mode	39
Example	39
Display Parameters	39
4-22 show serviceport ipv6 dhcp statistics	40
Parameters	40
Default	40
Command Mode	40
Example	40
Display Parameters	41
4-23 clear network ipv6 dhcp statistics	41
Parameters	41
Default	41
Command Mode	42
4-24 clear serviceport ipv6 dhcp statistics	42
Parameters	42
Default	42
Command Mode	42
4-25 ping ipv6	42
Parameters	42
Default	43
Command Mode	43
4-26 ping ipv6 interface	43
Parameters	43
Default	43
Command Mode	43
4-27 traceroute	44
Parameters	44
Default	45
Command Mode	45
Example	45
4-28 traceroute ipv6	47
Parameters	47
Default	47
Command Mode	47
Console Port Access Commands	47
4-29 configure	47
Parameters	47
Default	47
Command Mode	47
4-30 line	48
Parameters	48
Default	48
Command Mode	48
Example	48
4-31 session timeout	48
Parameters	48
Default	48
Command Mode	49
4-32 show serial	49
Parameters	49
Default	49
Command Mode	49
Example	49
Display Parameters	49
Telnet Commands	50
4-33 ip telnet server enable	50
Parameters	50
Default	50
Command Mode	50
4-34 ip telnet port	50
Parameters	50
Default	50
Command Mode	50
4-35 telnet	51
Parameters	51
Default	51
Command Mode	51
4-36 telnetcon maxsessions	51
Parameters	51
Default	51
Command Mode	52
4-37 telnetcon timeout	52
Parameters	52
Default	52
Command Mode	52
4-38 show telnet	52
Parameters	52
Default	52
Command Mode	52
Display Parameters	52
4-39 show telnetcon	53
Parameters	53
Default	53
Command Mode	53
Display Parameters	53
Secure Shell Commands	54
4-40 ip ssh server enable or ip ssh	54
Parameters	54
Default	54
Command Mode	54
4-41 ip ssh port	54
Parameters	54
Default	54
Command Mode	54
4-42 ip ssh protocol	55
Parameters	55
Default	55
Command Mode	55
4-43 ip ssh server enable	55
Parameters	55
Default	55
Command Mode	55
4-44 sshcon maxsessions	55
Parameters	56
Default	56
Command Mode	56
4-45 sshcon timeout	56
Parameters	56
Default	56
Command Mode	56
4-46 show ip ssh	56
Parameters	56
Default	57
Command Mode	57
Display Parameters	57
Management Security Commands	57
4-47 crypto key generate rsa	57
Parameters	57
Default	57
Command Mode	58
4-48 crypto key generate dsa	58
Parameters	58
Default	58
Command Mode	58
Access Commands	58
4-49 disconnect	58
Parameters	58
Default	58
Command Mode	59
4-50 linuxsh	59
Parameters	59
Default	59
Command Mode	59
4-51 show loginsession	59
Parameters	59
Default	59
Command Mode	59
Display Parameters	60
4-52 show loginsession long	60
Parameters	60
Default	60
Command Mode	60
Example	60
AAA Commands	60
4-53 aaa accounting	61
Parameters	61
Default	61
Command Mode	62
Example	62
4-54 aaa authentication commands	62
aaa authentication enable	62
Example	63
Parameters	63
Default	64
Command Mode	64
Example	64
aaa authentication login	64
Parameters	64
Default	65
Command Mode	65
Example	65
4-55 authorization commands	65
Parameters	65
Default	65
Command Mode	65
Example	65
4-56 aaa ias-user username	66
Parameters	66
Default	66
Command Mode	66
Example	66
4-57 aaa session-id	66
Parameters	67
Default	67
Command Mode	67
4-58 password (AAA IAS User configuration)	67
Parameters	67
Default	67
Command Mode	67
Example	67
4-59 clear aaa ias-users	68
Parameters	68
Default	68
Command Mode	68
Example	68
4-60 show aaa ias-users	68
Parameters	68
Default	69
Command Mode	69
Example	69
4-61 accounting	69
Parameters	69
Default	69
Command Mode	70
Example	70
4-62 show accounting	70
Parameters	70
Default	70
Command Mode	70
Example	70
4-63 show accounting methods	70
Parameters	71
Default	71
Command Mode	71
Example	71
4-64 show authorization methods	71
Parameters	71
Default	71
Command Mode	71
Example	71
4-65 login authentication	72
Parameters	72
Default	72
Command Mode	72
Example	73
User Account and Password Commands	73
4-66 username (Global Config)	73
Parameters	73
Default	73
Command Mode	74
Example	74
4-67 username name nopassword	74
Parameters	74
Default	75
Command Mode	75
4-68 username unlock	75
Parameters	75
Default	75
Command Mode	75
4-69 show users	75
Parameters	75
Default	75
Command Mode	76
Display Parameters	76
4-70 show users long	76
Parameters	76
Default	76
Command Mode	76
Example	76
4-71 show users accounts	76
Parameters	77
Default	77
Command Mode	77
Example	77
Display Parameters	77
4-72 show users login-history	78
Parameters	78
Default	78
Command Mode	78
Example	78
4-73 password (Line Configuration)	78
Parameters	78
Default	78
Command Mode	79
Example	79
4-74 password (User EXEC)	79
Parameters	79
Default	79
Command Mode	79
Example	79
4-75 enable password	80
Parameters	80
Default	80
Command Mode	80
Example	80
4-76 passwords min-length	80
Parameters	81
Default	81
Command Mode	81
4-77 passwords history	81
Parameters	81
Default	81
Command Mode	81
4-78 passwords aging	81
Parameters	81
Default	82
Command Mode	82
4-79 passwords lock-out	82
Parameters	82
Default	82
Command Mode	82
4-80 passwords strength-check	82
Parameters	82
Default	83
Command Mode	83
4-81 passwords strength maximum consecutive-characters	83
Parameters	83
Default	83
Command Mode	83
4-82 passwords strength maximum repeated-characters	83
Parameters	83
Default	83
Command Mode	83
4-83 passwords strength minimum uppercase-letters	84
Parameters	84
Default	84
Command Mode	84
4-84 passwords strength minimum lowercase-letters	84
Parameters	84
Default	84
Command Mode	84
4-85 passwords strength minimum numeric-characters	85
Parameters	85
Default	85
Command Mode	85
4-86 passwords strength minimum special-characters	85
Parameters	85
Default	85
Command Mode	85
4-87 passwords strength minimum character-classes	86
Parameters	86
Default	86
Command Mode	86
4-88 passwords strength exclude-keyword	86
Parameters	86
Default	86
Command Mode	86
4-89 show passwords configuration	87
Parameters	87
Default	87
Command Mode	87
Example	87
Display Parameters	87
4-90 show passwords result	88
Parameters	88
Default	88
Command Mode	88
Example	88
Display Parameters	89
SNMP Commands	89
4-91 snmp-server	89
Parameters	89
Default	90
Command Mode	90
4-92 snmp-server community	90
Parameters	90
Default	91
Command Mode	91
4-93 snmp-server community-group	91
Parameters	91
Default	91
Command Mode	91
4-94 snmp-server enable traps violation	91
Parameters	92
Default	92
Command Mode	92
4-95 snmp-server enable traps	92
Parameters	92
Default	92
Command Mode	92
Example	92
4-96 snmp-server enable traps bgp	93
Parameters	93
Default	93
Command Mode	93
4-97 snmp-server enable traps linkmode	93
Parameters	93
Default	93
Command Mode	93
4-98 snmp-server enable traps multiusers	93
Parameters	94
Default	94
Command Mode	94
4-99 snmp-server enable traps stpmode	94
Parameters	94
Default	94
Command Mode	94
4-100 snmp-server enginelD local	94
Parameters	95
Default	95
Command Mode	95
4-101 snmp-server filter	95
Parameters	95
Default	95
Command Mode	95
4-102 snmp-server group	96
Parameters	96

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5000 Series Layer 2/3 Managed Data Center Switch CLI Reference Guide

4-27

traceroute

The

traceroute

command is used to identify the routes that are actually taken by packets as they travel to

their destinations through the network on a hop-by-hop basis. When initiated from the CLl interface, the

traceroute command continues to provide a synchronous response.

Either the source IP address or the virtual router of the traceroute probes may be specified. It should be

noted that the way in which traceroute works is by sending packets that are expected not to reach their

ﬁnal destination but

, rather, to trigger ICMP error messages that will be sent back to the source address

from each stop along the forward path toward the destination. The user can, by specifying the source

address, determine at what point along the forward path a route back to the source address is lacking. It

should be noted, however, that this is only useful in the event that the route from the source to the

destination and from the destination to the source is symmetric. One common usage, for example, is the

sending of a traceroute from an edge router to some target located higher up in the network by use of a

source address at a host subnet on the edge router. Doing this allows the user to test whether the

location within the network is reachable from the host attached to the edge router. Alternatively, a user

could send a traceroute in which an address on a loopback interface serves as the source in order to test

reachability from within the network back to the loopback interface address.

In the CLI, the source can be specified as an IPv4 address, a virtual router, or a routing interface. In the

event that a routing interface is specified as the source, the traceroute is sent via the primary IPv4

address on the source interface. With SNMP, it is required that th

e source be speciﬁed

as an address.

An incoming packet, such as a traceroute response, that arrives on a routing interface will not be

accepted by D-LINK OS if the packet’s destination address is located on one of the out-of-band

management interfaces (that is, the service port or network port). Similarly, a packet that arrives on a

management interface will not be accepted by D-LINK OS if that packet’s destination is an address

located on a routing interface. As such, it would be pointless to send a traceroute on a management

interface while utilizing a routing interface address as the source, or to transmit a traceroute on a routing

interface while utilizing a management interface as the source. In other words, if a traceroute is being

sent on a routing interface, that routing interface or another routing interface must serve as the source.

Similarly, if a traceroute is being sent on a management interface, the source must be located on that

management interface. Because of this, a management interface or management interface address

cannot be specified as the source by a user. Rather, when a traceroute is being sent on a management

interface, a source address should not be specified by the user; instead, the system should be allowed to

select the source address from the outgoing interface.

traceroute [vrf

vrf-name

] {

ip-address

| [ipv6] {

ipv6-address

hostname

}} [initTtl

initTtl

] [maxTtl

maxTtl

] [maxFail

maxFail

] [interval

interval

] [count

count

] [port

port

] [size

size

] [source {

ip-address

ipv6-address

unit/slot/port

}]

Parameters

By utilizing the options described below, the user can specify the initial and maximum time-to-live (TTL) in

probe packets, as well as the size of each probe, the maximum number of failures before termination, and

the number of probes sent for each TTL.

vrf

vrf-name

(Optional) This parameter indicates the name of the VRF instance from

which to initiate the traceroute. Tracerouting can only be accomplished

for hosts reachable from within the VRF instance. In the event that a

source parameter is specified in concert with a vrf parameter, that

parameter must be a member of the VRF. Relatedly, it is not possible to

use the ipv6 parameter in conjunction with the vrf parameter.

Ip-address

The value for the

ipaddress

should be a valid IP address.

ipv6-address

The value for the

ipv6-address

should be a valid IPv6 address.