HP Visualize J210XC IRIX to HP-UX Migration Guide - Page 116

The Desktop Environment

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14. The Desktop Environment Introduction For computers to become widespread on the desktop, they had to be made easier to use. The requirement that desktop systems be straightforward to use and not require the memorization of long, complex command-line sequences brought forth the development of a graphical user interface (GUI). GUIs replaced memorization with pull-down menus, push buttons, sliding scroll bars, and other types of graphical interfaces. Thus, interactions with the computer became much easier for the user. The Relationship Between X, Motif, and CDE X, Motif and CDE together make up the graphical layers on top of the operating system and the underlying hardware platform. The GUI layers provide an increasingly richer set of functions to make interacting with the computer simpler and less "user hostile" than the character-based interface of the operating system. The X Window System The X window system consists of the following: Xlib Low-level library for programming window manipulation, graphics capabilities such as line drawing and text placement, and controlling display output, mouse and keyboard input, and application network transparency Xt Intrinsics Higher-level library for programming widgets and gadgets. Display Servers Hardware-specific programs, one per display, that manage the graphical input and output. Interclient Communication A manual specifying standards for how X client programs should Conventions (ICCC) communicate with each other. Configuration Files One configuration file that specifies the default session to start (sys.x11start) and another specifying values for resources used to shape the X environment (sys.Xdefaults). Through these capabilities, X provides the standard upon which the graphical part of the network-oriented, distributed computing, client/server paradigm is based. CDE enables system administrators and users to view X as part of the underlying infrastructure and focus on developing configurations of CDE which meet users' needs. Motif Motif consists of the following: Mwm window manager Executable program that provides Motif-based window frames, window management, and a workspace menu in the X environment Motif Widget Toolkit Higher-level library of widgets and gadgets, the graphical components used to control the user environment Motif Style Guide A manual for defining the Motif appearance and behavior for 111

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14. The Desktop Environment
Introduction
For computers to become widespread on the desktop, they had to be made easier to use.
The requirement
that desktop systems be straightforward to use and not require the memorization of long, complex
command-line sequences brought forth the development of a graphical user interface (GUI).
GUIs replaced memorization with pull-down menus, push buttons, sliding scroll bars, and other types of
graphical interfaces. Thus, interactions with the computer became much easier for the user.
The Relationship Between X, Motif, and CDE
X, Motif and CDE together make up the graphical layers on top of the operating system and the underlying
hardware platform. The GUI layers provide an increasingly richer set of functions to make interacting with
the computer simpler and less ²user hostile³ than the character-based interface of the operating system.
The X Window System
The X window system consists of the following:
Xlib
Low-level library for programming window manipulation, graphics
capabilities such as line drawing and text placement, and controlling
display output, mouse and keyboard input, and application network
transparency
Xt Intrinsics
Higher-level library for programming widgets and gadgets.
Display Servers
Hardware-specific programs, one per display, that manage the graphical
input and output.
Interclient Communication
Conventions (ICCC)
A manual specifying standards for how X client programs should
communicate with each other.
Configuration Files
One configuration file that specifies the default session to start
(
sys.x11start
) and another specifying values for resources used to shape
the X environment (
sys.Xdefaults
).
Through these capabilities, X provides the standard upon which the graphical part of the network-oriented,
distributed computing, client/server paradigm is based. CDE enables system administrators and users to
view X as part of the underlying infrastructure and focus on developing configurations of CDE which meet
users± needs.
Motif
Motif consists of the following:
Mwm window manager
Executable program that provides Motif-based window frames, window
management, and a workspace menu in the X environment
Motif Widget Toolkit
Higher-level library of widgets and gadgets, the graphical components
used to control the user environment
Motif Style Guide
A manual for defining the Motif appearance and behavior for