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HP 6125XLG R2306-HP 6125XLG Blade Switch Fundamentals Configuration Guide - Page 27

Logging in to the CLI, CLI overview, CLI user interfaces, User interface assignment

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Logging in to the CLI By default, you can log in to the CLI only through the console or AUX port. After you log in, you can configure other login methods, including Telnet and SSH. To prevent illegal access to the CLI and control user behaviors, you can configure login authentication, assign user roles, configure command authorization and command accounting, and use ACLs to filter unauthorized logins. This chapter describes how to configure and use CLI login methods, including login authentication, user roles, and common user interface settings. For more information about command authorization, command accounting, and unauthorized access filtering, see "Controlling user access." CLI overview CLI user interfaces The device uses user interfaces (also called "lines") to manage CLI sessions and monitor user behaviors. You can configure access control settings, including login authentication and user role, on user interfaces. After users are logged in, their actions must be compliant with the settings on the user interfaces assigned to them. Users are assigned different user interfaces, depending on their login methods, as shown in Table 7. Table 8 CLI login method and user interface matrix User interface Console user interface AUX user interface VTY user interface Login method Console port AUX port Telnet or SSH User interface assignment The device automatically assigns user interfaces to CLI login users, depending on their login methods. Each user interface can be assigned to only one user at a time. If no user interface is available, a CLI login attempt will be rejected. For a CLI login, the device always picks the lowest numbered user interface from the idle user interfaces available for the type of login. For example, four VTY user interfaces (0 to 3) are configured, of which VTY 0 and VTY 3 are idle. When a user Telnets to the device, the device assigns VTY 0 to the user and uses the settings on VTY 0 to authenticate and manage the user. User interface identification Every user interface has an absolute number and a relative number for identification. An absolute number uniquely identifies a user interface among all user interfaces. The user interfaces are numbered starting from 0 and incrementing by 1 and in the sequence of AUX, console, and VTY user interfaces. You can use the display user-interface command without any parameters to view supported user interfaces and their absolute numbers. 20

Section	Page
Title Page	1
Contents	3
Using the CLI	8
CLI views	8
Entering system view from user view	9
Returning to the upper-level view from any view	9
Returning to user view	10
Accessing the CLI online help	10
Using the undo form of a command	11
Entering a command	11
Editing a command line	11
Entering a string or text type value for an argument	12
Abbreviating commands	12
Configuring and using command keyword aliases	12
Usage guidelines	12
Configuration procedure	12
Configuring and using command hotkeys	13
Enabling redisplaying entered-but-not-submitted commands	14
Understanding command-line error messages	14
Using the command history function	15
Controlling the CLI output	16
Pausing between screens of output	16
Output controlling keys	16
Disabling pausing between screens of output	16
Numbering each output line from a display command	16
Filtering the output from a display command	17
Saving the output from a display command to a file	19
Viewing and managing the output from a display command effectively	21
Saving the running configuration	21
Login overview	22
FIPS compliance	22
Login methods at a glance	22
Logging in through the console port for the first device access	24
Logging in to the CLI	27
CLI overview	27
CLI user interfaces	27
User interface assignment	27
User interface identification	27
Login authentication modes	28
User roles	28
FIPS compliance	29
Logging in through the console/AUX port locally	29
Disabling authentication for console/AUX login (not supported in FIPS mode)	29
Configuring password authentication for console/AUX login (not supported in FIPS mode)	30
Configuring scheme authentication for console/AUX login	30
Configuring common console/AUX user interface settings	31
Logging in through Telnet (not supported in FIPS mode)	32
Configuring Telnet login on the device	33
Disabling authentication for Telnet login	33
Configuring password authentication for Telnet login	34
Configuring scheme authentication for Telnet login	35
Configuring common VTY user interface settings	36
Using the device to log in to a Telnet server	37
Logging in through SSH	38
Configuring SSH login on the device	38
Using the device to log in to an SSH server	39
Displaying and maintaining CLI login	39
Accessing the device through SNMP	41
Configuring SNMPv3 access	41
Configuring SNMPv1 or SNMPv2c access	42
Controlling user access	43
FIPS compliance	43
Controlling Telnet/SSH logins	43
Controlling Telnet logins (not supported in FIPS mode)	43
Controlling SSH logins	43
Configuration example	44
Network requirements	44
Configuration procedure	44
Controlling SNMP access	44
Configuration procedure	44
Configuration example	45
Network requirements	45
Configuration procedure	45
Configuring command authorization	46
Configuration procedure	46
Configuring command accounting	47
Configuration procedure	47
Configuring RBAC	49
Overview	49
Permission assignment	49
User role rules	49
Resource access policies	50
Predefined user roles	50
Assigning user roles	51
FIPS compliance	52
Configuration task list	52
Creating user roles	52
Configuring user role rules	53
Configuring feature groups	53
Changing resource access policies	54
Changing the interface policy of a user role	54
Changing the VLAN policy of a user role	55
Changing the VPN instance policy of a user role	55
Assigning user roles	55
Enabling the default user role function	55
Assigning user roles to remote AAA authentication users	56
Assigning user roles to local AAA authentication users	56
Assigning user roles to non-AAA authentication users on user interfaces	57
Configuring temporary user role authorization	57
Configuration guidelines	58
Configuring user role authentication	59
Obtaining temporary user role authorization	59
Displaying RBAC settings	59
RBAC configuration examples	60
RBAC configuration example for local AAA authentication users	60
Network requirements	60
Configuration procedure	60
Verifying the configuration	61
RBAC configuration example for RADIUS authentication users	61
Network requirements	62
Configuration procedure	62
Verifying the configuration	64
RBAC configuration example for HWTACACS authentication users	64
Network requirements	64
Configuration procedure	65
Verifying the configuration	67
Troubleshooting RBAC	68
Local users have more access permissions than intended	68
Symptom	68
Analysis	68
Solution	68
Login attempts by RADIUS users always fail	68
Symptom	68
Analysis	69
Solution	69
Configuring FTP	70
FIPS compliance	70
Using the device as an FTP server	70
Configuring basic parameters	71
Configuring authentication and authorization	71
Manually releasing FTP connections	71
Displaying and maintaining the FTP server	72
FTP server configuration example	72
Network requirements	72
Configuration procedure	72
Using the device as an FTP client	73
Establishing an FTP connection	73
Managing directories on the FTP server	74
Working with files on the FTP server	75
Switching to another user account	76
Maintaining and troubleshooting the FTP connection	76
Terminating the FTP connection	77
Displaying command help information	77
Displaying and maintaining FTP client	77
FTP client configuration example	77
Network requirements	77
Configuration procedure	78
Configuring TFTP	80
FIPS compliance	80
Configuring the device as an IPv4 TFTP client	80
Configuring the device as an IPv6 TFTP client	81
Managing the file system	82
File name formats	82
Managing files	83
Displaying file information	83
Displaying the contents of a text file	83
Renaming a file	83
Copying a file	83
Moving a file	84
Compressing/decompressing a file	84
Deleting/restoring a file	84
Deleting files from the recycle bin	84
Calculating the file digest	85
Managing directories	85
Displaying the current working directory	85
Changing the current working directory	85
Creating a directory	85
Removing a directory	86
Managing storage media	86
Repairing a storage medium	86
Formatting a storage medium	86
Setting the operation mode for files and folders	86
Managing configuration files	88
Overview	88
Configuration types	88
Startup configuration	88
Running configuration	88
Startup configuration loading process	89
Configuration file formats	90
Startup configuration file selection	90
Configuration file content organization and format	90
FIPS compliance	91
Enabling configuration encryption	91
Saving the running configuration	91
Configuring configuration rollback	92
Configuration task list	92
Configuring configuration archive parameters	92
Configuration guidelines	93
Configuration procedure	93
Enabling automatic configuration archiving	93
Manually archiving the running configuration	94
Rolling back configuration	94
Specifying a next-startup configuration file	95
Backing up the main next-startup configuration file to a TFTP server	96
Restoring the main next-startup configuration file from a TFTP server	96
Deleting a next-startup configuration file	96
Displaying and maintaining configuration files	97
Upgrading software	98
Overview	98
Software types	98
Comware image redundancy and loading procedure	98
System startup process	99
Upgrade methods	100
Software upgrade procedure summary	101
Preparing for the upgrade	101
Preloading the BootWare image to BootWare	101
Specifying the startup image file and completing the upgrade	102
Displaying and maintaining software image settings	103
Software upgrade configuration example	103
Network requirements	103
Configuration procedure	103
Managing the device	105
Configuring the device name	105
Setting the system time	105
Enabling displaying the copyright statement	106
Configuring banners	106
Banner types	106
Banner input methods	106
Configuration procedure	107
Disabling password recovery capability	108
Setting the operating mode	108
Rebooting the device	109
Configuration guidelines	109
Rebooting devices immediately at the CLI	109
Scheduling a device reboot	109
Scheduling a task	110
Configuration guidelines	110
Configuration procedure	110
Schedule configuration example	112
Network requirements	112
Scheduling procedure	112
Verifying the scheduling	113
Configuring the preferred airflow direction	115
Setting the port status detection timer	115
Setting memory usage thresholds	116
Verifying and diagnosing transceiver modules	117
Verifying transceiver modules	117
Diagnosing transceiver modules	118
Displaying and maintaining device management configuration	118
Using the emergency shell	120
Managing the file system	120
Obtaining a system image from an FTP/TFTP server	121
Configuring the management Ethernet interface	121
Checking the connectivity to a server	122
Accessing the server	122
Loading the system image	123
Rebooting the device	123
Displaying device information in emergency shell mode	123
Emergency shell usage example	124
Network requirements	124
Usage procedure	124
Using automatic configuration	127
Understanding automatic configuration	127
Overall automatic configuration process	127
Automatic-configuration parameter acquisition process	129
Configuration file acquisition process	130
Deploying and configuring servers for automatic configuration	131
DHCP server configuration guidelines	132
TFTP server configuration guidelines	132
Configuring Tcl	134
Restrictions and benefits	134
Entering Tcl configuration view from user view	134
Returning from Tcl configuration view to user view	134
Support and other resources	135
Contacting HP	135
Subscription service	135
Related information	135
Documents	135
Websites	135
Conventions	136
Command conventions	136
GUI conventions	136
Symbols	136
Network topology icons	137
Port numbering in examples	137

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Logging in to the CLI

By default, you can log in to the CLI only through the console or AUX port. After you log in, you can

configure other login methods, including Telnet and SSH.

To prevent illegal access to the CLI and control user behaviors, you can configure login authentication,

assign user roles, configure command authorization and command accounting, and use ACLs to filter

unauthorized logins.

This chapter describes how to configure and use CLI login methods, including login authentication, user

roles, and common user interface settings. For more information about command authorization,

command accounting, and unauthorized access filtering, see "

Controlling user access

CLI overview

CLI user interfaces

The device uses user interfaces (also called "lines") to manage CLI sessions and monitor user behaviors.

You can configure access control settings, including login authentication and user role, on user interfaces.

After users are logged in, their actions must be compliant with the settings on the user interfaces assigned

to them.

Users are assigned different user interfaces, depending on their login methods, as shown in

Table 7

Table 8

CLI login method and user interface matrix

User interface

Console user interface

Console port

AUX user interface

AUX port

VTY user interface

Telnet or SSH

User interface assignment

The device automatically assigns user interfaces to CLI login users, depending on their login methods.

Each user interface can be assigned to only one user at a time. If no user interface is available, a CLI

For a CLI login, the device always picks the lowest numbered user interface from the idle user interfaces

available for the type of login. For example, four VTY user interfaces (0 to 3) are configured, of which

VTY 0 and VTY 3 are idle. When a user Telnets to the device, the device assigns VTY 0 to the user and

uses the settings on VTY 0 to authenticate and manage the user.

User interface identification

Every user interface has an absolute number and a relative number for identification.

An absolute number uniquely identifies a user interface among all user interfaces. The user interfaces are

numbered starting from 0 and incrementing by 1 and in the sequence of AUX, console, and VTY user

interfaces. You can use the

display user-interface

command without any parameters to view supported

user interfaces and their absolute numbers.