Yamaha 02R96 Owner's Manual - Page 54
Digital I/O & Cascading, Wordclocks
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Digital I/O & Cascading 41 5 Digital I/O & Cascading Wordclocks Unlike analog audio equipment, digital audio equipment must be synchronized when digital audio signals are transferred from one device to another, otherwise, signals may not be received correctly and audible noise, glitches, or clicks may occur. Synchronization is achieved using what's called a wordclock, which is a clock signal for synchronizing all the digital audio signals in a system. Note that wordclocks are not the same as SMPTE/EBU or MTC timecode, which is typically used to synchronize tape machines, MIDI sequencers, and so on. Wordclock synchronization refers to the synchronization of the digital audio processing circuits inside each digital audio device. In a typical digital audio system, one device operates as the wordclock master, and the other devices operate as wordclock slaves, synchronizing to the wordclock master. Wordclock signals can be distributed via dedicated cables, typically BNC cables, or derived from digital audio connections, including AES/EBU, ADAT, and Tascam formats. If you're connecting to the 02R96 using only analog inputs and outputs, no special wordclock settings are required, and the 02R96 can be set to use its own internally generated wordclock. If you're connecting other equipment digitally, however, you must decide which device to use as the wordclock master and which devices to use as slaves. The 02R96 can be used as the wordclock master running at either 44.1 kHz, 48 kHz, 88.2 kHz, or 96 kHz, or slaved to an external wordclock source. External wordclock signals can be received via the Slot Inputs, 2TR Digital Inputs, the CASCADE IN port, or the dedicated BNC WORD CLOCK IN connector. In a system where all devices share a common wordclock, it's important that all devices be turned on even if they're not being used. Turn on the wordclock master first, and then the slaves. When shutting down the system, turn off the slaves first, and then the master. Before use, make sure that the wordclock slaves are correctly locked to the wordclock master. Most devices have front panel indicators to indicate this. Refer to the relevant owner's manuals for more information. Wordclock Connections The 02R96 features a BNC wordclock input and a BNC wordclock output. External wordclock signals can be connected to the WORD CLOCK IN connector, and terminated by using the 75Ω ON/OFF switch (see page 43). The WORD CLOCK OUT outputs a wordclock signal at the same clock rate as the 02R96. 02R96-Owner's Manual