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American, National, Standard, Dictionary, Information, Systems, Technology, Vocabulary

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Glossary This glossary includes terms and definitions from: v American National Standard Dictionary for Information Systems, ANSI X3.172-1990, copyright 1990 by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). Copies may be purchased from the American National Standards Institute, 11 West 42nd Street, New York, New York 10036. Definitions are identified by the symbol (A) after the definition. v The Information Technology Vocabulary, developed by Subcommittee 1, Joint Technical Committee 1, of the International Organization for Standardization and the International Electrotechnical Commission (ISO/IEC JTC1/SC1). Definitions of published parts of this vocabulary are identified by the symbol (I) after the definition; definitions taken from draft international standards, committee drafts, and working papers being developed by ISO/IEC JTC1/SC1 are identified by the symbol (T) after the definition, indicating that final agreement has not yet been reached among the participating National Bodies of SC1. A active. (1) Able to communicate on the network. A token-ring network adapter is active if it is able to transmit and receive on the network (2) Operational. (3) Pertaining to a node or device that is connected or is available for connection to another node or device. (4) Currently transmitting or receiving. adapter. (1) In the point-of-sale terminal, a circuit card that, with its associated software, enables the terminal to use a function or feature. (2) In a LAN, within a communicating device, a circuit card that, with its associated software and/or microcode, enables the device to communicate over the network. address. (1) In data communication, the IEEE-assigned unique code or the unique locally administered code assigned to each device or workstation connected to a network. (2) A character or group of characters that identifies a register, a particular part of storage, or some other data source or destination. (A) (3) To refer to a device or an item of data by its address. (I) (A) (4) The location in the storage of a computer where data is stored. addressing. (1) The assignment of addresses to the instructions of a program. (2) In data communication, the way in which a station selects the station to which it is to send data. © Copyright IBM Corp. 2006 alphanumeric. Pertaining to data consisting of letters, digits, and usually other characters, such as punctuation marks. (T) (A) analog. (1) Pertaining to data consisting of continuously variable physical quantities. (A) (2) Contrast with digital. application. (1) A collection of one or more programs that work together to accomplish goals for a business. (2) A set of executable files and data files required to perform a desired function, which can consist of multiple programs running on different workstations. architecture. A logical structure that encompasses operating principles including services, functions, and protocols. See network architecture. attach. (1) To connect a device physically. (2) To make a device a part of a network logically. Compare with connect. attaching device. Any device that is physically connected to a network and can communicate over the network. B bit. Either of the digits 0 or 1 when used in the binary numeration system. Synonymous with binary digit. (T) bus. (1) In a processor, a physical facility on which data is transferred to all destinations, but from which only addressed destinations may read in accordance with appropriate conventions. (2) A network configuration in which nodes are interconnected through a bidirectional transmission medium. (3) One or more conductors used for transmitting signals or power. (A) C cash drawer. An optional I/O device attached to a point-of-sale terminal. The cash drawer contains a till. The cash drawer will open upon receiving a command. See till. CPU. The central processing unit of a computer. circuit. (1) A logic device. (2) One or more conductors through which an electric current can flow. cluster. (1) A station that consists of a control unit (a cluster controller) and the terminals attached to it. (2) A group of APPN nodes that have the same network ID and the same topology database. A cluster is a subset of a NETID subnetwork. (3) In high-availability cluster multiprocessing (HACMP), a set of iindependent systems (called nodes) that are organized into a 161

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Glossary
This
glossary
includes
terms
and
definitions
from:
v
American
National
Standard
Dictionary
for
Information
Systems
,
ANSI
X3.172-1990,
copyright
1990
by
the
American
National
Standards
Institute
(ANSI).
Copies
may
be
purchased
from
the
American
National
Standards
Institute,
11
West
42nd
Street,
New
York,
New
York
10036.
Definitions
are
identified
by
the
symbol
(A)
after
the
definition.
v
The
Information
Technology
Vocabulary
,
developed
by
Subcommittee
1,
Joint
Technical
Committee
1,
of
the
International
Organization
for
Standardization
and
the
International
Electrotechnical
Commission
(ISO/IEC
JTC1/SC1).
Definitions
of
published
parts
of
this
vocabulary
are
identified
by
the
symbol
(I)
after
the
definition;
definitions
taken
from
draft
international
standards,
committee
drafts,
and
working
papers
being
developed
by
ISO/IEC
JTC1/SC1
are
identified
by
the
symbol
(T)
after
the
definition,
indicating
that
final
agreement
has
not
yet
been
reached
among
the
participating
National
Bodies
of
SC1.
A
active.
(1)
Able
to
communicate
on
the
network.
A
token-ring
network
adapter
is
active
if
it
is
able
to
transmit
and
receive
on
the
network
(2)
Operational.
(3)
Pertaining
to
a
node
or
device
that
is
connected
or
is
available
for
connection
to
another
node
or
device.
(4)
Currently
transmitting
or
receiving.
adapter.
(1)
In
the
point-of-sale
terminal,
a
circuit
card
that,
with
its
associated
software,
enables
the
terminal
to
use
a
function
or
feature.
(2)
In
a
LAN,
within
a
communicating
device,
a
circuit
card
that,
with
its
associated
software
and/or
microcode,
enables
the
device
to
communicate
over
the
network.
address.
(1)
In
data
communication,
the
IEEE-assigned
unique
code
or
the
unique
locally
administered
code
assigned
to
each
device
or
workstation
connected
to
a
network.
(2)
A
character
or
group
of
characters
that
identifies
a
register,
a
particular
part
of
storage,
or
some
other
data
source
or
destination.
(A)
(3)
To
refer
to
a
device
or
an
item
of
data
by
its
address.
(I)
(A)
(4)
The
location
in
the
storage
of
a
computer
where
data
is
stored.
addressing.
(1)
The
assignment
of
addresses
to
the
instructions
of
a
program.
(2)
In
data
communication,
the
way
in
which
a
station
selects
the
station
to
which
it
is
to
send
data.
alphanumeric.
Pertaining
to
data
consisting
of
letters,
digits,
and
usually
other
characters,
such
as
punctuation
marks.
(T)
(A)
analog.
(1)
Pertaining
to
data
consisting
of
continuously
variable
physical
quantities.
(A)
(2)
Contrast
with
digital
.
application.
(1)
A
collection
of
one
or
more
programs
that
work
together
to
accomplish
goals
for
a
business.
(2)
A
set
of
executable
files
and
data
files
required
to
perform
a
desired
function,
which
can
consist
of
multiple
programs
running
on
different
workstations.
architecture.
A
logical
structure
that
encompasses
operating
principles
including
services,
functions,
and
protocols.
See
network
architecture
.
attach.
(1)
To
connect
a
device
physically.
(2)
To
make
a
device
a
part
of
a
network
logically.
Compare
with
connect
.
attaching
device.
Any
device
that
is
physically
connected
to
a
network
and
can
communicate
over
the
network.
B
bit.
Either
of
the
digits
0
or
1
when
used
in
the
binary
numeration
system.
Synonymous
with
binary
digit.
(T)
bus.
(1)
In
a
processor,
a
physical
facility
on
which
data
is
transferred
to
all
destinations,
but
from
which
only
addressed
destinations
may
read
in
accordance
with
appropriate
conventions.
(2)
A
network
configuration
in
which
nodes
are
interconnected
through
a
bidirectional
transmission
medium.
(3)
One
or
more
conductors
used
for
transmitting
signals
or
power.
(A)
C
cash
drawer.
An
optional
I/O
device
attached
to
a
point-of-sale
terminal.
The
cash
drawer
contains
a
till.
The
cash
drawer
will
open
upon
receiving
a
command.
See
till
.
CPU.
The
central
processing
unit
of
a
computer.
circuit.
(1)
A
logic
device.
(2)
One
or
more
conductors
through
which
an
electric
current
can
flow.
cluster.
(1)
A
station
that
consists
of
a
control
unit
(a
cluster
controller)
and
the
terminals
attached
to
it.
(2)
A
group
of
APPN
nodes
that
have
the
same
network
ID
and
the
same
topology
database.
A
cluster
is
a
subset
of
a
NETID
subnetwork.
(3)
In
high-availability
cluster
multiprocessing
(HACMP),
a
set
of
iindependent
systems
(called
nodes)
that
are
organized
into
a
©
Copyright
IBM
Corp.
2006
161