Home » Casio Manuals » Calculators » Casio CFX-9800G-w » Manual Viewer

Casio CFX-9800G-w Owners Manual - Page 172

Using, Subroutines, Important, Array, Memory

UPC - 079767128685

Add to My Manuals
Save this manual to your list of manuals

Page 172 highlights

With this program, the first statements specify the unit of angular measurement and clear T to 0. Then the initial velocity is prompted for V and the angle is prompted for S. Lbl 1 identifies the beginning of the repeat calculation. The value stored in. T is incremented by Isz T, and in this program the lsz command is used only for incrementation, without any comparison or decision being performed. Each time T is incremented, the formula is calculated and the altitude is displayed. 12-9 Using Subroutines Up to this point, all of the programs we have seen were contained in a single program area. You can also jump between program areas, so that the resulting executionis made up of pieces in different areas. In such a case, the central program from which other areas are jumped to is called a "main routine". The areas jumped to from the main routine are called "subroutines". Note that you can use either another program stored in the program area or a program stored as a File Editor tile as a subroutine. Main Routine PO r- P3 Subroutines Prog 3 ,,,, ,- 1.- '39 Prog 2 ..„,_,-- Prog 4 "e " ---- Prog 8"-4-----....._ Pro,g 9.... ,,,_ / \_ / \ / • / Level I Level 2 Level 3 Level 4 To ump to a subroutine, use Prog (input using 131E ZEID(Prg)) followed by a program area name (0 to 9, A to Z, r, or 0) or the name of a File Editor file. Examples Prog 2 - Jumps to the program stored in program area number 2. Prog ABC - Jumps to the program stored in a file named "ABC". After the jump to the program you specify, execution continues from the beginning of the subroutine. When end of the subroutine is reached, execution returns to the statement following the Prog command that initiated the subroutine. You can jump from one subroutine to another, a procedure that is called "nesting". You can nest up to a maximum of 10 levels, and an error will- occur (Ne ERROR) if you try to nest an 11th time. If you try to jump to a program area that does not contain a program, an error message (Go ERROR) will appear on the display. Important •The Goto command does not jump between program areas. A Goto command jumps to the label (Lbl) located inside the same program area. -308 - •Subroutines Save Memory Note the following two programs. PO Fix, 3, :, ?, A, :, 2, x,C, 3, x, C . 2, e, 3, x, A, A , 3 P1 Fix, 3, :, ?, A, :, T, 3, x, A, x2,.4, V-, 2, +, 1 2 x A, A, 3 23 bytes 22 bytes If we input these two programs separately, they require a total of 45 bytes. But note that the underlined portions of these two programs are identical. This means that these parts can be stored as subroutines and called by both of the programs. If we use subroutines, we get the following results. Subroutines P9 Fix, 3 A, : , J- , 3, x,. A, x2 P8 C, 2, =, 3, x, A, A, 3 12 bytes. 8 bytes Main routines PO Prog, 9, :, Ans, x, 2, A, Prog, 8 P1 Prog, 9, A, Prog, 8, Ans, ÷, 4 9 bytes 9 bytes As you can see, the number of bytes required to store the two programs and the subroutines is 38, for a saving of 7 bytes. When you execute the program in program area 0, it immediately jumps to P9 and executes the contents of that program area. At the end of P9, execution returns to PO where the result produced by the subroutine in P9 is multiplied by 2 and then displayed. After you press the El key, execution jumps to P8, where the remainder of the program is executed. With the main routine in program area P1, execution jumps immediately to program area P9. At the end of P9 execution returns to P1 where the P9 result is displayed. When you press EL execution jumps again to P8. At the end of P8, execution returns to P1, where the result produced by P8 is divided by 4 and displayed. 12-10 Using Array Memory In addition to the individual value memories, the unit gives you array memory capabilities. Note the following. Value Memories A B C Array Memories A[0] B[ - 1] A[1] B(0] At2I B[1] Note *You cannot use r or 0 value memory as array memory. -309-

Section	Page
Contents	19
Handling Precautions	23
Aobut This Manual	23
Chapter1 Getting Acquainted	24
1-1 Keys and Their Functions	25
The Keyboard	25
Key Operations	25
1-2 Modes	28
Set Up Displays	28
Set Up Display Function Key Menus	29
About Display Colors	31
About Function Key lcons	31
1-3 Basic Set Up	32
Default unit of Angular Measurement	32
About the DISP Menu	32
Color Contrast Adjustment	33
1-4 Basic Operation	34
Using the Clear Menu	34
Inputting Calculations	34
Editing Calculations	34
Answer Function	35
Using Multistatements	35
Multiplication Operations without a Multiplication Sign	36
Performing Continuous Calculations	36
Using the Replay Function	36
Built-in Scientific Functions	37
Value Memories	38
Increasing the Number of Value Memories	39
About Memory Names	39
1-5 Using the Function Memory	39
Variable Data (VAR) Menu	40
1-6 Using the BASE Mode	44
1-7 Graphic and Text Displays	46
1-8 Technical Information	46
Calculation Priority Sequence	46
Stacks	47
Value Input and Output Limitations	47
Input Capacity	47
Overflow and Errors	47
Exponential Display	48
Calculation Execution Display	48
When Errors Keep Occurring	48
Chapter 2 Manual Calculations	49
2-1 Arithmetic Calculations	50
Calculations Using Parentheses	50
2-2 Units of Angular Measurement	51
2-3 Trigonometric and Inverse Trigonometric Functions	51
2-4 Logarithmic and Exponential Functions	51
2-5 Hyperbolic and Inverse Hyperbolic Functions	52
2-6 Other Functions	52
2-7 Coordinate Conversion	53
2-8 Permutation and Combination	53
2-9 Fractions	54
2-1O Engineering Symbol Calculations	54
2-11 Number of Decimal Places, Number of Significant Digits, Display Format	55
2-12 Calculations Using Memory	55
2-13 BASE Mode Calculations	56
Conversions	56
Negative Values	56
Arithmetic Operations	56
Logical Operations	56
Chapter 3 Differential, Integration, and Calculations	57
3-1 How the Unit Calculates Differentials	58
To Perform a Differential Calculation	58
Applications of Differential Calculations	59
3-2 How the Unit Calculates Integrations	59
To Perform an Integration Calculation	60
Application of Integration Calculation	60
3-3 ~Calculations	61
Example ~ calculation	61
~ Calculation Applications	62
~ Calculation Precautions	62
Chapter 4 Complex Numbers	62
4-1 Before Beginning a Complex Number Calculation	63
4-2 Performing Complex Number Calculations	63
Arithmetic Operations	63
Reciprocals, Square Roots, and Squares	63
Absolute Value and Argument	63
Conjugate Complex Numbers	64
Extraction of Real and Imaginary Number Parts	64
4-3 Complex Number Calculation Precautions	64
Chapter 5 statistical Calculations	65
5-1 Single-Variable Stetistical Calculations	66
To Enter the Standard Deviation Mode without Data Storage	66
To Enter the Standard Deviation Mode with Data Storage	67
Performing Single-Variable Calculations	68
5-2 Paired-Variable Statistical Calculations	69
To Enter the Regression Mode without Data Storage	69
Linear Regression	70
Logarithmic Regression	70
Exponential Regression	70
Power Regression	71
To Enter the Regression Mode with Data Storage	71
Performing Paired-Variable Calculations	72
5-3 Examples of Statistical Calculations	72
Linear Regression	74
Logarithmic Regression	74
Exponential Regression	75
Power Regression	75
Chapter 6 Using the Matrix Mode	76
6-1 Before Performing Matrix Calculations	77
Entering the Matrix Mode	77
Matrix List	77
Matrix Input	77
Deleting Matrices	79
6-2 Modifying a Matrix	79
Before Modifying a Matrix	79
Row Operations	80
Modifying the Contents of a Matrix	81
Deleting, Inserting and Adding Rows	81
Deleting, Inserting and Adding Columns	83
6-3 Matrix Calculations	84
Arithmetic Operations	84
Calculating a Scalar Product	85
Determinants	86
Transposing a Matrix	86
Inverting a Matrix	87
Squaring a Matrix	87
6-4 Matrix Operation Precautions	88
Chapter7 Equation Calculations	88
7-1 Before Beginning and Equation Calculation	89
Entering an Equation Calculation Mode	89
Clearing the Equation Memories	89
7-2 Linear Equations with Two to Six Unknowns	89
Entering the Linear Equation Mode for Two to Six Unknowns	89
Solving a Linear Equation with Three Unknowns	90
Changing Coefficients	90
Clearing All the Coefficients	91
7-3 Quadratic and Cubic Equations	91
Entering the Quadratic/Cubic Equation Mode	91
Solving a Quadratic or Cubic Equation	91
Quadratic Equations that Produce Multiple Root (1 or 2) Solutions or Imaginary Number Solutions	92
Changing Coefficients	92
Clearing All the Coefficients	92
7-4 What to Do When an Error Occurs	92
Chapter 8 Graphing	93
8-1 About the Graphing Function	94
Specifying the Range of a Graph	94
Initializing the Range Parameter Display Settings	96
8-2 Rectangular Coordinate Graphs	96
Graphing Built-in Scientific Functions	96
Overdrawing Built-in Function Graphs	97
Graphing Manually Entered Functions	97
Overdrawing Manually Input Graphs	97
Specifying the Graph Range	98
8-3 Polar Coordinate Graphs	98
Graphing Built-In Scientific Functions	98
Graphing Manually Entered Functions	98
Specifying the Graph Range	99
8-4 Parametric Graphs	99
Specifying the Graph Range	100
8-5 Inequality Graphs	100
Overdrawing Inequality Graphs	101
Specifying the Graph Range	101
8-6 Integration Graphs	101
8-7 Probability Distribution Graphs	102
8-8 Single-Variable Statistical Graphs	103
8-9 Paired-Variable Statistical Graphs	105
8-10 Storing Functions in Memory	106
Accessing the Graphic Function Memory	106
Graph Function Types	106
Editing Graph Functions in Memory	108
Drawing Graphs from Memory	108
Specifying the Graphs to be Drawn	108
Function Linking	109
8-11 Graph Solve	110
Displaying the Graph Solve Menu	110
Determining Roots	111
Determining Maximums and Minimums	112
Determinig y-intercepts	112
Determining Points of Intersection for Two Graphs	112
Determining a Coordinate ( x for a given y/y for a given x)	113
Determining the Derivative for a Given Point	114
8-12 Other Graph Functions	115
Setting the Type of Graphing Method	115
Trace Function	115
Scrolling Graphs	117
Notes on Using the Trace Function	117
Plot Function	118
Line Function	120
Graph Scroll Function	121
Zoom Functions	122
Before Using Zoom	122
Box Zoom Function	122
Using the Factor Zoom Function to Enlarge and Reduce the Entire Graph	123
Auto Range	126
Graph Adjust	127
Coordinate Rounding	128
Using the Overwrite Function	128
8-13 Some Graphing Examples	129
Chapter 9 Dual Graph	130
9-1 Before Using Dual Graph	131
About Dual Graph Screen Types	131
9-2 Specifying the Left and Right Display Range Parameters	131
9-3 Drawing a Graph in the Active Screen	132
9-4 Displaying a Graph in the Inactive Screen	133
Before Displaying a Graph in the Inactive Screen	133
Copying the Active Graph to the Inactive Screen	133
Switching the Contents of the Active and Inactive Screens	134
Drawing Different Graphs on the Active Screen and Inactive Screen	134
Other Graph Functions with Dual Graph	135
Chapter 10 Dynamic Graphing	137
10-1 Before Using the Dynamic Graph Mode	138
10-2 Inputting a New Equation	138
10-3 Editing a Function	139
10-4 Deleting a Function	139
10-5 Drawinig a Dynamic Graph	140
1O-time Continuous Drawing	141
Continuous Drawing	142
Stop & Go Drawing	143
Overwriting	143
Function Linking	144
Chapter 11 Table and Graph Mode	145
11-1 Entering the Table and Graph Mode	146
11-2 Generating a Table and Drawing a Graph for a Function	146
Storing a Function and Generating a Numeric Table	146
Editing a Function	149
Function Linking	150
Editing a Table List	150
Deleting List Area Contents	151
Editing Function and Table Data	151
Row Operations	152
Drawing a Graph Using Table Data	153
Before Drawing a Graph	153
Specifying the Graphs to be Drawn	153
11-3 Using the Table and Graph Mode with a Recursion Formula	154
Editing Table Data	156
Drawing a Graph Using Table Data	157
Specifying the Y-Axis and. X-Axis for the Graph	157
Chapter 12 Program/File Editor Mode	158
12-1 Before Using the Program/File Editor Mode	159
12-2 Using the Program Mode	159
Entering the Program Mode	159
Specifying the Calculation Mode	159
Selecting a Program Area	160
Checking How Much Memory Is Used by a program	160
Inputting a Program	160
Executing a Program Stored in Memory	160
12-3 Deleting Programs	161
12-4 Error Messages	162
12-5 Counting the Number of Bytes	162
Checking the Amount of Memory Remaining	162
Checking Where the Cursor Is Currently Located	162
12-6 Using the File Editor Mode	162
Entering the File Editor Mode	162
Password Protection	163
Inputting Data into a File	164
Inputting Program Commands	164
Inputting Upper-Case and Lower-Case Alpha Characters	164
Inputting Symbols	164
Executing a Program	165
Checking the Memory Used by a Program	166
Searching for Files	166
Searching for Data in a File	167
Editing File Data	168
Other Useful Cursor Movement Functions	169
12-7 Program Commands	169
Displaying the Program Function Menu	169
About the Newline Funtction	169
Displaying the Jump Command Menu	169
Displaying the Relational Operator Menu	170
Displaying the Punctuation Symbol Menu	170
12-8 Using Jump Commands	170
About Unconditional Jumps	170
About Conditional Jumps	171
About Count Jumps	171
12-9 Using Subroutines	172
Subroutines Save Memory	172
12-10 Using Array Memory	172
Array Memories to Simplify Programming	173
Cautions When Using Array Memories	173
Sample Programs That Use Array Memory	173
12-11 Displaying Text Messages	174
12-12 Using Matrices in Programs	175
12-13 Using the Graph Function in Programs	176
Chapter 13 Data Communications	177
13-1 Connecting Two CFX-980OG Units	178
13-2 Connecting the CFX-9800G with a Personal Computer	178
13-3 Connecting the CFX-9800G to a CASIO Label Printer	178
13-4 Before Starting Data Communications	179
Entering the LINK Mode	179
About the Data Type Selection Screen	179
13-5 Setting Communications Parameters	180
Setting CFX-9800G Parameters	180
13-6 Using ALL, Range, and Factor	181
13-7 Using Program, Function Mem, Matrix, and Graph Function	182
13-8 Using Editor	183
13-9 ,Using Statistics, Variable Mem, Table, and Equation	185
13-10 Using Dynamic Graph	187
13-11 Using Back Up to Send All Mode Settings and Memory Data	188
13-12 Screen Copy Function	189
To Copy the Screen	189
13-13 Data Communications Precautions	190
Appendix	190
Appendix A Power Supply	191
When to Replace Batteries	191
Replacing Batteries	191
About the Auto Power Off Function	192
Appendix B To Reset the Calculator	192
Appendix C Function Reference	193
Manual Calculations	193
Program Calculations	196
Appendix D Error Message Table	197
Appendix E Input Ranges	198
Appendix F Specifications	200
Index	202

Match case Limit results 1 per page

With

this

program,

the

first

statements

specify

the

unit

angular

measurement

and

clear

Then

the

initial

velocity

prompted

for

and

the

angle

prompted

for

Lbl

identifies

the

beginning

the

repeat

calculation.

The

value

stored

incremented

Isz

and

this

program

the

lsz

command

used

only

for

incrementation,

without

any

comparison

decision

being

performed.

Each

time

incremented,

the

formula

calculated

and

the

altitude

displayed.

12-9

Using

Subroutines

this

point,

all

the

programs

have

seen

were

contained

single

program

area.

You

can

also

jump

between

program

areas,

that

the

resulting

execution

made

pieces

different

areas.

such

case,

the

central

program

from

which

other

areas

are

jumped

called

"main

routine".

The

areas

jumped

from

the

main

routine

are

called

"subroutines".

Note

that

you

can

use

either

another

program

stored

the

program

area

program

stored

File

Editor

tile

subroutine.

Main

Routine

Subroutines

Prog

,,,

, ,-

'39

Prog

rog

..„,_,--

---

4--

.....

....

,,,_

•

Level

ump

subroutine,

use

Prog

(input

using

131E

ZEID(Prg))

followed

program

area

name

the

name

File

Editor

file.

Examples

Prog

—

Jumps

the

program

stored

program

area

number

Prog

ABC

—

Jumps

the

program

stored

file

named

"ABC".

After

the

jump

the

program

you

specify,

execution

continues

from

the

beginning

the

subroutine.

When

end

the

subroutine

reached,

execution

returns

the

statement

following

the

Prog

command

that

initiated

the

subroutine.

You

can

jump

from

one

subroutine

another,

procedure

that

called

"nesting".

You

can

nest

maximum

levels,

and

error

will

occur

(Ne

ERROR)

you

try

nest

11th

time.

you

try

jump

program

area

that

does

not

contain

program,

error

message

(Go

ERROR)

will

appear

the

display.

Important

•The

Goto

command

does

not

jump

between

program

areas.

Goto

command

jumps

the

label

(Lbl)

located

inside

the

same

program

area.

—308

—

•Subroutines

Save

Memory

Note

the

following

two

programs.

Fix,

x,C,

Fix,

,.4,

—

bytes

input

these

two

programs

separately,

they

require

total

bytes.

But

note

that

the

underlined

portions

these

two

programs

are

identical.

This

means

that

these

parts

can

stored

subroutines

and

called

both

the

programs.

use

subroutines,

get

the

following

results.

Subroutines

Fix,

-?,

x,.

bytes.

bytes

Main

routines

Prog,

Ans,

Prog,

bytes

Prog,

Ans,

÷,

bytes

you

can

see,

the

number

bytes

required

store

the

two

programs

and

the

subrou-

tines

38,

for

saving

bytes.

When

you

execute

the

program

area

immediately

jumps

and

exe-

cutes

the

contents

that

program

area.

the

end

P9,

execution

returns

where

the

result

produced

the

subroutine

multiplied

and

then

displayed.

After

you

press

the

key,

execution

jumps

P8,

where

the

remainder

the

program

ex-

ecuted.

With

the

main

routine

program

area

P1,

execution

jumps

immediately

program

area

P9.

the

end

execution

returns

where

the

result

displayed.

When

you

press

execution

jumps

again

P8.

the

end

P8,

execution

returns

P1,

where

the

result

produced

divided

and

displayed.

12-10

Using

Array

Memory

addition

the

individual

value

memories,

the

unit

gives

you

array

memory

capabili-

ties.

Note

the

following.

Value

Memories

Array

Memories

A[0]

A[1]

B(0]

At2I

B[1]

Note

*You

cannot

use

value

memory

array

memory.

—309—