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How ARP Spoofing Attacks a Network

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xStack® DES-3528/DES-3552 Series Layer 2 Stackable Fast Ethernet Managed Switch Web UI Reference Guide When PC B replies to the query, the "Destination Address" in the Ethernet frame will be changed to PC A's MAC address. The "Source Address" will be changed to PC B's MAC address (see Table 4). Table 4 Ethernet Frame Format The switch will also examine the "Source Address" of the Ethernet frame and find that the address is not in the Forwarding Table. The switch will learn PC B's MAC and update its Forwarding Table. How ARP Spoofing Attacks a Network ARP spoofing, also known as ARP poisoning, is a method to attack an Ethernet network which may allow an attacker to sniff data frames on a LAN, modify the traffic, or stop the traffic altogether (known as a Denial of Service - DoS attack). The principle of ARP spoofing is to send the fake, or spoofed ARP messages to an Ethernet network. Generally, the aim is to associate the attacker's or random MAC address with the IP address of another node (such as the default gateway). Any traffic meant for that IP address would be mistakenly redirected to the node specified by the attacker. Figure 4 IP spoofing attack is caused by Gratuitous ARP that occurs when a host sends an ARP request to resolve its own IP address. Figure-4 shows a hacker within a LAN to initiate ARP spoofing attack. In the Gratuitous ARP packet, the "Sender protocol address" and "Target protocol address" are filled with the same source IP address itself. The "Sender H/W Address" and "Target H/W address" are filled with the same source MAC address itself. The destination MAC address is the Ethernet broadcast address (FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF). All nodes within the network will immediately update their own ARP table in accordance with the sender's MAC and IP address. The format of Gratuitous ARP is shown in the following table. 341

Section	Page
Intended Readers	10
Typographical Conventions	10
Notes, Notices and Cautions	10
Chapter 1 Web-based Switch Configuration	11
Introduction	11
Login to the Web Manager	11
Web-based User Interface	12
Web Pages	13
Chapter 2 System Configuration	14
Device Information	14
System Information Settings	15
Dual Configuration Settings	16
Firmware Information Settings	17
Port Configuration	18
PoE	21
Serial Port Settings	24
System Log configuration	25
Time Range Settings	29
Time Settings	29
User Accounts Settings	30
Stacking	31
Chapter 3 Management	35
ARP	35
Gratuitous ARP	37
IPv6 Neighbor Settings	38
IP Interface	39
Management Settings	43
Session Table	44
Single IP Management	44
SNMP Settings	54
Telnet Settings	64
Web Settings	64
Chapter 4 L2 Features	65
VLAN	65
Q-in-Q	88
Layer 2 Protocol Tunneling Settings	90
Spanning Tree	91
Link Aggregation	100
FDB	103
L2 Multicast Control	107
Multicast Filtering	132
ERPS Settings	136
LLDP	139
Chapter 5 L3 Features	149
Local Route Settings	149
IPv4 Static/Default Route Settings	149
IPv4 Route Table	150
IPv6 Static/Default Route Settings	151
IPv6 Route Table	151
Policy Route Settings	152
IP Forwarding Table	153
Chapter 6 QoS	154
802.1p Settings	156
Bandwidth Control	159
Traffic Control Settings	161
DSCP	164
HOL Blocking Prevention	167
Scheduling Settings	168
SRED	171
Chapter 7 ACL	174
ACL Configuration Wizard	174
Access Profile List	175
CPU Access Profile List	193
ACL Finder	207
ACL Flow Meter	208
Chapter 8 Security	211
802.1X	211
RADIUS	224
IP-MAC-Port Binding (IMPB)	229
MAC-based Access Control (MAC)	236
Web-based Access Control (WAC)	240
Japanese Web-based Access Control (JWAC)	245
Compound Authentication	252
Port Security	256
ARP Spoofing Prevention Settings	258
BPDU Attack Protection	259
Loopback Detection Settings	261
Traffic Segmentation Settings	262
NetBIOS Filtering Settings	263
DHCP Server Screening	264
Access Authentication Control	265
SSL Settings	274
SSH	276
Trusted Host Settings	280
Safeguard Engine Settings	281
Chapter 9 Network Application	284
DHCP	284
DNS	296
PPPoE Circuit ID Insertion Settings	298
SNTP	299
Chapter 10 OAM	302
CFM	302
Ethernet OAM	311
DULD Settings	315
Cable Diagnostics	316
Chapter 11 Monitoring	318
Utilization	318
Statistics	320
Mirror	332
sFlow	334
Ping Test	337
Trace Route	338
Peripheral	340
Chapter 12 Save and Tools	341
Save Configuration ID 1	341
Save Configuration ID 2	341
Save Log	342
Save All	342
Stacking Information	342
Download Firmware	344
Download Configuration File	344
Upload Configuration File	345
Upload Log File	346
Reset	347
Reboot System	347
Appendix A Mitigating ARP Spoofing Attacks Using Packet Content ACL	348
How Address Resolution Protocol Works	348
How ARP Spoofing Attacks a Network	350
Prevent ARP Spoofing via Packet Content ACL	351
Configuration	351
Appendix B System Log and Trap List	354
System Log Entries	354
DES-3528/DES-3552 Series Trap List	362
Proprietary Trap List	362
Appendix C Password Recovery Procedure	365

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xStack® DES-3528/DES-3552 Series Layer 2 Stackable Fast Ethernet Managed Switch Web UI Reference Guide

When PC B replies to the query, the “Destination Address” in the Ethernet frame will be changed to PC A’s MAC

address. The “Source Address” will be changed to PC B’s MAC address (see Table 4).

Table 4 Ethernet Frame Format

The switch will also examine the “Source Address” of the Ethernet frame and find that the address is not in the

Forwarding Table. The switch will learn PC B’s MAC and update its Forwarding Table.

How ARP Spoofing Attacks a Network

ARP spoofing, also known as ARP

poisoning, is a method to attack an

Ethernet network which may allow

an attacker to sniff data frames on

a LAN, modify the traffic, or stop

the traffic altogether (known as a

Denial of Service – DoS attack).

The principle of ARP spoofing is to

send the fake, or spoofed ARP

messages to an Ethernet network.

Generally, the aim is to associate

the attacker's or random MAC

address with the IP address of

another node (such as the default

gateway). Any traffic meant for that

IP address would be mistakenly re-

directed to the node specified by

the attacker.

Figure 4

IP spoofing attack is caused by Gratuitous ARP that occurs when a host sends an ARP request to resolve its own IP

address. Figure-4 shows a hacker within a LAN to initiate ARP spoofing attack.

In the Gratuitous ARP packet, the “Sender protocol address” and “Target protocol address” are filled with the same

source IP address itself. The “Sender H/W Address” and “Target H/W address” are filled with the same source MAC

address itself. The destination MAC address is the Ethernet broadcast address (FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF). All nodes

within the network will immediately update their own ARP table in accordance with the sender’s MAC and IP

address. The format of Gratuitous ARP is shown in the following table.

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