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Application Example: Port Triggering for Internet Relay Chat

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Nighthawk X4S AC2600 WiFi VDSL/ADSL Modem Router Model D7800 Application Example: Port Triggering for Internet Relay Chat Some application servers, such as FTP and IRC servers, send replies to multiple port numbers. Using port triggering, you can tell the modem router to open more incoming ports when a particular outgoing port starts a session. An example is Internet Relay Chat (IRC). Your computer connects to an IRC server at destination port 6667. The IRC server not only responds to your originating source port but also sends an "identify" message to your computer on port 113. Using port triggering, you can tell the modem router, "When you initiate a session with destination port 6667, you must also allow incoming traffic on port 113 to reach the originating computer." The following sequence shows the effects of this port triggering rule: 1. You open an IRC client program to start a chat session on your computer. 2. Your IRC client composes a request message to an IRC server using a destination port number of 6667, the standard port number for an IRC server process.Your computer then sends this request message to your modem router. 3. Your modem router creates an entry in its internal session table describing this communication session between your computer and the IRC server.Your modem router stores the original information, performs Network Address Translation (NAT) on the source address and port, and sends this request message through the Internet to the IRC server. 4. Noting your port triggering rule and observing the destination port number of 6667, your modem router creates another session entry to send any incoming port 113 traffic to your computer. 5. The IRC server sends a return message to your modem router using the NAT-assigned source port (for example, port 33333) as the destination port and also sends an "identify" message to your modem router with destination port 113. 6. When your modem router receives the incoming message to destination port 33333, it checks its session table to see if a session is active for port number 33333. Finding an active session, the modem router restores the original address information replaced by NAT and sends this reply message to your computer. 7. When your modem router receives the incoming message to destination port 113, it checks its session table and finds an active session for port 113 associated with your computer.The modem router replaces the message's destination IP address with your computer's IP address and forwards the message to your computer. 8. When you finish your chat session, your modem router eventually senses a period of inactivity in the communications. The modem router then removes the session information from its session table, and incoming traffic is no longer accepted on port numbers 33333 or 113. Manage Port Forwarding and Port Triggering 280

Section	Page
Contents	3
1. Hardware Overview of the Modem Router	9
Unpack Your Modem Router	11
Attach the Antennas	11
Top Panel With LEDs	12
Back Panel With Ports, Buttons, Connectors, and Switch	15
USB Ports on the Left Panel	16
eSATA Port on the Right Panel	16
Connect an eSATA Device	17
Bottom Panel Product Label	17
2. Install and Access the Modem Router and Its Network	19
Position Your Modem Router	20
Connect to the Modem Router	21
Connect to the Modem Router Through an Ethernet Cable	21
Join the WiFi Network of the Modem Router	21
Manual Method	21
Wi-Fi Protected Setup Method	22
Types of Logins	22
Automatic Internet Setup	23
Set Up Your Modem Router for DSL Service	24
DSL Service	24
Cable the Modem Router for DSL Service and Access the Modem Router	24
Set Up the Modem Router for Cable or Fiber Service	32
Log In to the Modem Router After Setup to View or Change Settings	38
Change the Language	40
Change the admin Password	40
Set Up Password Recovery	41
Let the Modem Router Automatically Update Its Firmware	42
Access the Modem Router With the NETGEAR genie App	42
3. Manage the Internet Settings Manually	44
Use the Internet Setup Wizard After Initial Setup	45
Manually Set Up an ADSL Internet Connection	50
Specify an ADSL Connection Without a Login	50
Specify an ADSL Connection With a Login and PPPoA or PPPoE Service	55
Manually Set Up a VDSL Internet Connection	59
Specify a VDSL Connection Without a Login	59
Specify a VDSL Connection With a Login and PPPoE Service	64
Manually Set Up a Cable or Fiber Internet Connection	68
Specify a Cable or Fiber Connection Without a Login	68
Specify a Cable or Fiber Connection With a Login and PPPoE Service	72
Specify a Cable or Fiber Connection With a Login and PPTP or L2TP Service	77
Specify an IPv6 Internet Connection	80
IPv6 Internet Connections and IPv6 Addresses	80
Set Up an IPv6 Connection Through Auto Detect	81
Set Up an IPv6 6to4 Tunnel Connection	83
Set Up an IPv6 Pass-Through Connection	85
Set Up an IPv6 Fixed Connection	85
Set Up an IPv6 DHCP Connection	87
Set Up an IPv6 PPPoE Connection	89
Set Up an IPv6 Connection Through Auto Config	91
Manage the MTU Size	93
MTU Concepts	93
Change the MTU Size	94
4. Manage the Basic WiFi Network Settings	96
Manage the Basic WiFi Settings and WiFi Security of the Main Network	97
View or Change the Basic WiFi Settings	97
Configure WPA/WPA2 Enterprise WiFi Security	104
Configure WEP Legacy WiFi Security	106
Use WPS to Add a Device to the WiFi Network	108
Use WPS With the Push Button Method	108
Use WPS With the PIN Method	109
Manage the Basic WiFi Settings and WiFi Security of the Guest Network	110
Control the WiFi Radios	115
Use the WiFi On/Off Button	115
Enable or Disable the WiFi Radios	115
5. Control Access to the Internet	117
Set Up Parental Controls	118
Allow or Block Access to Your Network	119
Enable and Manage Network Access Control	119
Manage Network Access Control Lists	121
Add Devices to or Remove Them From the Blocked List	121
Add Devices to or Remove Them From the Allowed List	123
Use Keywords to Block Internet Sites	124
Set Up Blocking	125
Remove a Keyword or Domain From the Blocked List	126
Remove All Keywords and Domains From the Blocked List	127
Specify a Trusted Computer	127
Manage Simple Outbound Firewall Rules for Services and Applications	128
Add an Outbound Firewall Rule	129
Add an Outbound Firewall Rule for a Custom Service or Application	130
Change an Outbound Firewall Rule	133
Remove an Outbound Firewall Rule	134
Set Up a Schedule for Keyword Blocking and Outbound Firewall Rules	134
Set Up Security Event Email Notifications	136
6. Optimize Performance	139
Use Dynamic QoS to Optimize Internet Traffic Management	140
Enable Dynamic QoS	140
Enable or Disable the Automatic QoS Database Update	141
Manually Update the Dynamic QoS Database	143
Participate in Dynamic QoS Analytics	143
Manage Wi-Fi Multimedia Quality of Service	144
Manage Beamforming	146
Improve Network Connections With Universal Plug and Play	146
7. Share a Storage Device	148
Connect an eSATA Device to the Modem Router	149
USB Device Requirements	149
Connect a USB Device to the Modem Router	149
Access a Storage Device Connected to the Modem Router	150
Access the Storage Device From a Windows Computer	150
Access the Storage Device From a Mac	151
Back Up Windows Computers With ReadySHARE Vault	151
Back Up Mac Computers With Time Machine	152
Set Up a Storage Device on a Mac	152
Prepare to Back Up a Large Amount of Data	153
Use Time Machine to Back Up Onto a Storage Device	153
Manage Access to a Storage Device	154
Enable FTP Access Within Your Network	157
View Network Folders on a Device	158
Add a Network Folder on a Storage Device	159
Change a Network Folder, Including Read and Write Access, on a USB Drive	162
Approve Storage Devices	163
Safely Remove a USB Device	165
8. Manage Dynamic DNS and Access Storage Devices Through the Internet	167
Set Up and Manage Dynamic DNS	168
Your Personal FTP Server	168
Set Up a New Dynamic DNS Account	169
Specify a DNS Account That You Already Created	170
Change the Dynamic DNS Settings	172
Access Storage Devices Through the Internet	172
Access Storage Devices From a Remote Computer	172
Set Up FTP Access Through the Internet	173
Use FTP to Access Storage Devices Through the Internet	174
9. Use the Modem Router as a Media Server	176
Specify ReadyDLNA Media Server Settings	177
Rescan the Media Files for Content	177
Play Music From a Storage Device With iTunes Server	178
Play Media From a USB Device on TiVo	180
Set Up the Modem Router to Work With TiVo	180
Play Videos	181
Play Music or View Photos	181
Copy TiVo Files to a Computer	181
10. Share a USB Printer	182
Install the Printer Driver and Cable the Printer	183
Download the ReadySHARE Printer Utility	183
Install the ReadySHARE Printer Utility	183
Use the Shared Printer	186
Manually Connect and Print	186
Print and Release the Printer	186
View or Change the Status of a Printer	187
Use the Scan Feature of a Multifunction USB Printer	187
Manage the NETGEAR USB Control Center Settings	189
Turn Off Automatic Startup of the NETGEAR USB Control Center	189
Change the NETGEAR USB Control Center Language	190
Specify the Time-Out	190
11. Manage the WAN and LAN Network Settings	191
Change the Physical WAN Connection Preference	192
Enable Bridge Mode for IPTV Devices	192
Enable and Configure a VLAN	194
Set Up a Bridge for a Port Group or VLAN Tag Group	197
Set Up a Bridge for a Port Group	198
Set Up a Bridge for a VLAN Tag Group	199
Manage the WAN Security Settings	201
Set Up a Default DMZ Server	202
Manage IGMP Proxying	203
Manage NAT Filtering	203
Manage the SIP Application-Level Gateway	204
Manage the Modem Router’s LAN IP Address Settings	205
Manage the Router Information Protocol Settings	206
Manage the DHCP Server Address Pool	207
Manage Reserved LAN IP Addresses	208
Reserve a LAN IP Address	208
Change a Reserved IP Address	209
Remove a Reserved IP Address Entry	210
Disable the Built-In DHCP Server	210
Change the Modem Router’s Device Name	211
Set Up and Manage Custom Static Routes	212
Set Up a Static Route	212
Change a Static Route	214
Remove a Static Route	215
12. Manage the Modem Router and Monitor the Traffic	216
Update the Firmware of the Modem Router	217
Check for New Firmware and Update the Modem Router	217
Manually Upload New Firmware and Update the Modem Router	218
Manage the Configuration File of the Modem Router	219
Back Up the Settings	219
Restore the Settings	220
Recover the admin Password	221
Return the Modem Router to Its Factory Default Settings	221
Use the Reset Button	222
Erase the Settings	222
Disable LED Blinking or Turn Off LEDs	223
View the Status and Statistics of the Modem Router	224
View Information About the Modem Router and the Internet and WiFi Settings	224
View the Traffic Statistics	229
Change the Traffic Statistics Polling Frequency	230
View, Renew, or Release the TCP/IP Internet Connection	231
View, Establish, or Terminate the PPPoE or PPPoA Internet Connection	232
View, Establish, or Terminate the PPTP or L2TP Internet Connection	233
View Devices Currently on the Network	234
Manage the Activity Log	235
View the Logs	235
Specify Which Activities Are Logged	237
Monitor and Meter Internet Traffic	237
Start the Traffic Meter Without Traffic Volume Restrictions	237
View the Internet Traffic Volume and Statistics	238
Restrict Internet Traffic by Volume	239
Restrict Internet Traffic by Connection Time	241
Unblock the Traffic Meter After the Traffic Limit Is Reached	243
Manage the Modem Router Remotely	243
13. Manage the Advanced WiFi Features	246
Set Up a WiFi Schedule	247
Manage the WPS Settings	249
Manage Advanced WiFi Settings	250
Set Up the Modem Router as a WiFi Access Point Only	252
Set Up a WiFi Bridge	253
14. Use VPN to Access Your Network	257
Set Up a VPN Connection	258
Specify VPN Service in the Modem Router	258
Install OpenVPN Software on a Windows Computer	259
Install OpenVPN Software on a Mac Computer	261
Use a VPN Tunnel on a Windows Computer	262
Use VPN to Access the Modem Router’s USB Device and Media From a Windows Computer	264
Use VPN to Access Your Internet Service at Home	264
Set Up VPN Client Internet Access in the Modem Router	264
Block VPN Client Internet Access in the Modem Router	265
Use a VPN Tunnel to Access Your Internet Service at Home	266
15. Manage Port Forwarding and Port Triggering	267
Manage Port Forwarding to a Local Server for Services and Applications	268
Forward Incoming Traffic for a Default Service or Application	268
Add a Port Forwarding Rule With a Custom Service or Application	269
Change a Port Forwarding Rule	271
Remove a Port Forwarding Rule	272
Application Example: Make a Local Web Server Public	272
How the Modem Router Implements the Port Forwarding Rule	273
Manage Port Triggering for Services and Applications	273
Add a Port Triggering Rule	274
Change a Port Triggering Rule	276
Remove a Port Triggering Rule	277
Specify the Time-Out for Port Triggering	278
Disable Port Triggering	279
Application Example: Port Triggering for Internet Relay Chat	280
16. Troubleshooting	281
Reboot the Modem Router From Its Web Page	282
Quick Tips for Troubleshooting	282
Troubleshoot With the LEDs	284
Power LED Is Off	285
Power LED Remains Solid Amber	285
WiFi LED Is Off	286
You Cannot Log In to the Modem Router	286
Troubleshoot the Internet Connection	286
Troubleshoot the DSL/Internet Link	286
DSL/Internet LED Is Solid White	287
DSL/Internet LED Is Blinking White (DSL Connection Only)	287
DSL/Internet LED Is Off	287
Obtain an Internet IP Address	288
Verify the PPPoE, PPPoA, PPTP, or L2TP Connection	289
Troubleshoot Internet Browsing	290
Changes Are Not Saved	290
Troubleshoot the WiFi Connectivity	291
Troubleshoot Your Network Using the Ping Utility	291
Test the LAN Path to Your Modem Router	291
Test the Path From Your Computer to a Remote Device	292
17. Supplemental Information	294
Factory Settings	295

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Application Example: Port Triggering for Internet Relay Chat

Some application servers, such as FTP and IRC servers, send replies to multiple port numbers. Using port triggering,

you can tell the modem router to open more incoming ports when a particular outgoing port starts a session.

An example is Internet Relay Chat (IRC).Your computer connects to an IRC server at destination port 6667. The

IRC server not only responds to your originating source port but also sends an “identify” message to your computer

on port 113. Using port triggering, you can tell the modem router, “When you initiate a session with destination port

6667, you must also allow incoming traffic on port 113 to reach the originating computer.”

The following sequence shows the effects of this port triggering rule:

You open an IRC client program to start a chat session on your computer.

Your IRC client composes a request message to an IRC server using a destination port number of 6667, the

standard port number for an IRC server process.Your computer then sends this request message to your modem

router.

Your modem router creates an entry in its internal session table describing this communication session between

your computer and the IRC server.Your modem router stores the original information, performs Network Address

Translation (NAT) on the source address and port, and sends this request message through the Internet to the

IRC server.

Noting your port triggering rule and observing the destination port number of 6667, your modem router creates

another session entry to send any incoming port 113 traffic to your computer.

The IRC server sends a return message to your modem router using the NAT-assigned source port (for example,

port 33333) as the destination port and also sends an “identify” message to your modem router with destination

port 113.

When your modem router receives the incoming message to destination port 33333, it checks its session table

to see if a session is active for port number 33333. Finding an active session, the modem router restores the

original address information replaced by NAT and sends this reply message to your computer.

When your modem router receives the incoming message to destination port 113, it checks its session table

and finds an active session for port 113 associated with your computer.The modem router replaces the message’s

destination IP address with your computer’s IP address and forwards the message to your computer.

When you finish your chat session, your modem router eventually senses a period of inactivity in the

communications.The modem router then removes the session information from its session table, and incoming

traffic is no longer accepted on port numbers 33333 or 113.

Manage Port Forwarding and Port Triggering

280

Nighthawk X4S AC2600 WiFi VDSL/ADSL Modem Router Model D7800