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Maximum and Minimum Flight Time, Maximum Flight Time, Definition

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Advanced System Bus Design Term Cross-talk Edge Finger Flight Time GTL+ Definition The reception on a victim network of a signal imposed by aggressor network(s) through inductive and capacitive coupling between the networks. • Backward Cross-talk - coupling which creates a signal in a victim network that travels in the opposite direction as the aggressor's signal. • Forward Cross-talk - coupling which creates a signal in a victim network that travels in the same direction as the aggressor's signal. • Even Mode Cross-talk - coupling from multiple aggressors when all the aggressors switch in the same direction that the victim is switching. • Odd Mode Cross-talk - coupling from multiple aggressors when all the aggressors switch in the opposite direction that the victim is switching. The cartridge electrical contact that interfaces to the SC242 connector. Flight Time is a term in the timing equation that includes the signal propagation delay, any effects the system has on the TCO of the driver, plus any adjustments to the signal at the receiver needed to guarantee the setup time of the receiver. More precisely, flight time is defined to be: • The time difference between a signal at the input pin of a receiving agent crossing VREF (adjusted to meet the receiver manufacturer's conditions required for AC timing specifications; i.e., ringback, etc.), and the output pin of the driving agent crossing VREF if the driver was driving the Test Load used to specify the driver's AC timings. See Section for details regarding flight time simulation and validation. The VREF Guardband takes into account sources of noise that may affect the way an AGTL+ signal becomes valid at the receiver. See the definition of the VREF Guardband. • Maximum and Minimum Flight Time - Flight time variations can be caused by many different parameters. The more obvious causes include variation of the board dielectric constant, changes in load condition, crosstalk, VTT noise, VREF noise, variation in termination resistance and differences in I/O buffer performance as a function of temperature, voltage and manufacturing process. Some less obvious causes include effects of Simultaneous Switching Output (SSO) and packaging effects. • The Maximum Flight Time is the largest flight time a network will experience under all variations of conditions. Maximum flight time is measured at the appropriate VREF Guardband boundary. • The Minimum Flight Time is the smallest flight time a network will experience under all variations of conditions. Minimum flight time is measured at the appropriate VREF Guardband boundary. For more information on flight time and the VREF Guardband, see the Pentium® II Processor Developer's Manual. GTL+ is the bus technology used by the Pentium® Pro processor. This is an incident wave switching, open-drain bus with pull-up resistors that provide both the high logic level and termination. It is an enhancement to the GTL (Gunning Transceiver Logic) technology. See thePentium® II Processor Developer's Manual for more details of GTL+. 3-2 Intel®820 Chipset Design Guide

Section	Page
Introduction 1	13
1.1 About This Design Guide	13
1.2 References	14
1.3 System Overview	14
1.3.1 Chipset Components	15
1.3.2 Bandwidth Summary	16
1.3.3 System Configuration	17
1.4 Platform Initiatives	20
1.4.1 Direct Rambus*	20
1.4.2 Streaming SIMD Extensions	20
1.4.3 AGP 2.0	20
1.4.4 Hub Interface	20
1.4.5 Manageability	21
1.4.6 AC’97	22
1.4.7 Low Pin Count (LPC) Interface	23
Layout/Routing Guidelines 2	27
2.1 General Recommendations	27
2.2 Component Quadrant Layout	27
2.3 Intel® 820 Chipset Component Placement	29
2.4 Core Chipset Routing Recommendations	30
2.5 Source Synchronous Strobing	31
2.6 Direct Rambus* Interface	33
2.6.1 Stackup	34
2.6.2 Direct Rambus* Layout Guidelines	34
2.6.2.1 RSL Routing	34
2.6.2.2 RSL Termination	37
2.6.2.3 Direct Rambus* Ground Plane Reference	39
2.6.2.4 Direct Rambus* Connector Compensation	40
2.6.2.5 RSL Signal Layer Alternation	46
2.6.2.6 Length Matching Methods	47
2.6.2.7 VIA Compensation	49
2.6.2.8 Length Matching & Via Compensation Example	49
2.6.3 Direct Rambus* Reference Voltage	51
2.6.4 High-speed CMOS Routing	51
2.6.4.1 SIO Routing	52
2.6.4.2 Suspend-to-RAM Shunt Transistor	52
2.6.5 Direct Rambus* Clock Routing	54
2.6.6 Direct Rambus* Design Checklist	54
2.7 AGP 2.0	57
2.7.1 AGP Interface Signal Groups	58
2.7.2 1X Timing Domain Routing Guidelines	59
2.7.3 2X/4X Timing Domain Routing Guidelines	59
2.7.4 AGP 2.0 Routing Summary	61
2.7.5 AGP Clock Routing	62
2.7.6 General AGP Routing Guidelines	62
2.7.7 VDDQ Generation and TYPEDET#	63
2.7.8 VREF Generation for AGP 2.0 (2X and 4X)	65
2.7.9 Compensation	67
2.7.10 AGP Pull-ups	67
2.7.10.1 AGP Signal Voltage Tolerance List	68
2.7.11 Motherboard / Add-in Card Interoperability	68
2.8 Hub Interface	69
2.8.1 Data Signals	70
2.8.2 Strobe Signals	70
2.8.3 HREF Generation/Distribution	70
2.8.4 Compensation	71
2.9 System Bus Design	72
2.9.1 100/133 MHz System Bus	72
2.9.2 System Bus Ground Plane Reference	73
2.10 S.E.C.C. 2 Grounding Retention Mechanism (GRM)	73
2.11 Processor CMOS Pullup Values	75
2.12 Additional Host Bus Guidelines	78
2.13 Ultra ATA/66	82
2.13.1 Ultra ATA/66 Detection	82
2.13.2 Ultra ATA/66 Cable Detection	83
2.13.3 Ultra ATA/66 Pullup/Pulldown Requirements	86
2.14 AC’97	87
2.14.1 AC’97 Signal Quality Requirements	89
2.14.2 AC’97 Motherboard Implementation	89
2.15 USB	91
2.16 ISA (82380AB)	92
2.16.1 ICH GPIO connected to 82380AB	92
2.16.2 Sub Class Code	92
2.17 IOAPIC Design Recommendation	92
2.18 SMBus/Alert Bus	93
2.19 PCI	93
2.20 RTC	93
2.20.1 RTC Crystal	94
2.20.2 External Capacitors	94
2.20.3 RTC Layout Considerations	95
2.20.4 RTC External Battery Connection	95
2.20.5 RTC External RTCRST Circuit	96
2.20.6 RTC Routing Guidelines	96
2.20.7 VBIAS DC Voltage and Noise Measurements	97
Advanced System Bus Design 3	101
3.1 Terminology and Definitions	101
3.2 AGTL+ Design Guidelines	104
3.2.1 Initial Timing Analysis	105
3.2.2 Determine General Topology, Layout, and Routing Desired	108
3.2.3 Pre-Layout Simulation	108
3.2.3.1 Methodology	108
3.2.3.2 Sensitivity Analysis	108
3.2.3.3 Monte Carlo Analysis	109
3.2.3.4 Simulation Criteria	109
3.2.4 Place and Route Board	110
3.2.4.1 Estimate Component To Component Spacing for AGTL+ Signals	110
3.2.4.2 Layout and Route Board	110
3.2.4.3 Host Clock Routing	112
3.2.4.4 APIC Data Bus Routing	112
3.2.5 Post-Layout Simulation	113
3.2.5.1 Intersymbol Interference	113
3.2.5.2 Cross-Talk Analysis	113
3.2.5.3 Monte Carlo Analysis	113
3.2.6 Validation	114
3.2.6.1 Measurements	114
3.2.6.2 Flight Time Simulation	114
3.2.6.3 Flight Time Hardware Validation	115
3.3 Theory	115
3.3.1 AGTL+	115
3.3.2 Timing Requirements	116
3.3.3 Cross-talk Theory	116
3.3.3.1 Potential Termination Cross-Talk Problems	118
3.4 More Details and Insight	119
3.4.1 Textbook Timing Equations	119
3.4.2 Effective Impedance and Tolerance/Variation	120
3.4.3 Power/Reference Planes, PCB Stackup, and High Frequency Decoupling	120
3.4.3.1 Power Distribution	120
3.4.3.2 Reference Planes and PCB Stackup	121
3.4.3.3 High Frequency Decoupling	122
3.4.3.4 SC242 Connector	123
3.4.4 Clock Routing	123
3.5 Definitions of Flight Time Measurements/ Corrections and Signal Quality	124
3.5.1 VREF Guardband	124
3.5.2 Ringback Levels	124
3.5.3 Overdrive Region	124
3.5.4 Flight Time Definition and Measurement	125
3.6 Conclusion	126
Clocking 4	129
4.1 Clock Generation	129
4.2 Component Placement and Interconnection Layout Requirements	134
4.2.1 14.318MHz Crystal to CK133	134
4.2.2 CK133 to DRCG	134
4.2.3 MCH to DRCG	135
4.2.4 DRCG to RDRAM Channel	136
4.2.5 Trace Length	136
4.3 DRCG Impedance Matching Circuit	138
4.3.1 DRCG Layout Example	139
4.4 AGP Clock Routing Guidelines	139
4.5 Series Termination Resistors for CK133 Clock Outputs	139
4.6 Unused Outputs	140
4.7 Decoupling Recommendation for CK133 and DRCG	140
4.8 DRCG Frequency Selection and the DRCG+	140
4.8.1 DRCG Frequency Selection Table and Jitter Specification	140
4.8.2 DRCG+ Frequency Selection Schematic	141
System Manufacturing 5	145
5.1 In Circuit FWH Flash BIOS Programming	145
5.2 FWH Flash BIOS Vpp Design Guidelines	145
5.3 Stackup Requirement	145
5.3.1 Overview	145
5.3.2 PCB Materials	146
5.3.3 Design Process	146
5.3.4 Test Coupon Design Guidelines	147
5.3.5 Recommended Stackup	147
5.3.6 Inner Layer Routing	147
5.3.7 Impedance Calculation Tools	148
5.3.8 Testing Board Impedance	148
5.3.9 Board Impedance/Stackup Summary	149
System Design Considerations 6	153
6.1 Power Delivery	153
6.1.1 Terminology and Definitions	153
6.1.2 Intel® 820 Chipset Customer Reference Board Power Delivery	154
6.1.3 64/72Mbit RDRAM Excessive Power Consumption	157
6.1.3.1 Option 1: Reduce the Clock Frequency During Initialization	158
6.1.3.2 Option 2: Increase the Current Capability of the 2.5V Voltage Regulator	158
6.2 Power Plane Splits	159
6.3 Thermal Design Power	159
6.4 Glue Chip 3 (Intel® 820 Chipset Glue Chip)	160
Appendix A: Reference Board Schematics: Uni-Processor	161
Reference Design Schematics: Uni-Processor A	163
Appendix B: Reference Design Schematics: Dual-Processor B	201

Match case Limit results 1 per page

Advanced System Bus Design

3-2

Intel

820 Chipset

Design Guide

Cross-talk

The reception on a victim network of a signal imposed by aggressor network(s)

through inductive and capacitive coupling between the networks.

•

Backward Cross-talk - coupling which creates a signal in a victim network

that travels in the opposite direction as the aggressor’s signal.

•

Forward Cross-talk - coupling which creates a signal in a victim network

that travels in the same direction as the aggressor’s signal.

•

Even Mode Cross-talk - coupling from multiple aggressors when all the

aggressors switch in the same direction that the victim is switching.

•

Odd Mode Cross-talk - coupling from multiple aggressors when all the

aggressors switch in the opposite direction that the victim is switching.

Edge Finger

The cartridge electrical contact that interfaces to the SC242 connector.

Flight Time

Flight Time is a term in the timing equation that includes the signal propagation

delay, any effects the system has on the T

of the driver, plus any adjustments

to the signal at the receiver needed to guarantee the setup time of the receiver.

More precisely,

flight time

is defined to be:

•

The time difference between a signal at the input pin of a receiving agent

crossing V

REF

(adjusted to meet the receiver manufacturer’s conditions

required for AC timing specifications; i.e., ringback, etc.), and the output

pin of the driving agent crossing V

REF

if the driver was driving the Test

Load used to specify the driver’s AC timings.

See Section

for details regarding flight time simulation and validation.

The V

REF

Guardband takes into account sources of noise that may affect the

way an AGTL+ signal becomes valid at the receiver. See the definition of

the V

REF

Guardband.

•

Maximum and Minimum Flight Time

- Flight time variations can be

caused by many different parameters. The more obvious causes include

variation of the board dielectric constant, changes in load condition, cross-

talk, V

noise, V

REF

noise, variation in termination resistance and

differences in I/O buffer performance as a function of temperature, voltage

and manufacturing process. Some less obvious causes include effects of

Simultaneous Switching Output (SSO)

and packaging effects.

•

The

Maximum Flight Time

is the largest flight time a network will

experience under all variations of conditions. Maximum flight time is

measured at the appropriate V

REF

Guardband boundary.

•

The

Minimum Flight Time

is the smallest flight time a network will

experience under all variations of conditions. Minimum flight time is

measured at the appropriate V

REF

Guardband boundary.

For more information on flight time and the V

REF

Guardband, see the

Pentium

II Processor Developer’s Manual.

GTL+

is the bus technology used by the Pentium® Pro processor. This is an

incident wave switching, open-drain bus with pull-up resistors that provide both

the high logic level and termination. It is an enhancement to the GTL (Gunning

Transceiver Logic) technology. See thePentium® II

Processor Developer’s

Manual

for more details of GTL+.

Term

Definition