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Initial Timing Analysis, Equation 3-1. Setup Time, Equation 3-3. Maximum Flight Time

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Advanced System Bus Design 3.2.1 Initial Timing Analysis Perform an initial timing analysis of the system using Equation 3-1 and Equation 3-2 shown below. These equations are the basis for timing analysis. To complete the initial timing analysis, values for clock skew and clock jitter are needed, along with the component specifications. These equations contain a multi-bit adjustment factor, MADJ, to account for multi-bit switching effects such as SSO pushout or pull-in that are often hard to simulate. These equations do not take into consideration all signal integrity factors that affect timing. Additional timing margin should be budgeted to allow for these sources of noise. Equation 3-1. Setup Time TCO_MAX + TSU_MIN + CLKSKEW + CLKJITTER + TFLT_MAX + MADJ ≤ Clock Period Equation 3-2. Hold Time TCO_MIN + TFLT_MIN - MADJ ≥ THOLD + CLKSKEW Symbols used in Equation 3-1 and Equation 3-2: - TCO_MAX is the maximum clock to output specification1. - TSU_MIN is the minimum required time specified to setup before the clock1. - CLKJITTER is the maximum clock edge-to-edge variation. - CLKSKEW is the maximum variation between components receiving the same clock edge. - TFLT_MAX is the maximum flight time as defined in Section 3.1, "Terminology and Definitions" on page 3-1. - TFLT_MIN is the minimum flight time as defined in Section 3.1, "Terminology and Definitions" on page 3-1. - MADJ is the multi-bit adjustment factor to account for SSO pushout or pull-in. - TCO_MIN is the minimum clock to output specification1. - THOLD is the minimum specified input hold time. Note: The Clock to Output (TCO) and Setup to Clock (TSU) timings are both measured from the signals last crossing of VREF, with the requirement that the signal does not violate the ringback or edge rate limits. See the respective Processor's datasheet and thePentium® III Processor Developer's Manual for more details. Solving these equations for TFLT results in the following equations: Equation 3-3. Maximum Flight Time TFLT_MAX ≤ Clock Period - TCO_MAX - TSU_MIN - CLKSKEW - CLKJITTER - MADJ Equation 3-4. Minimum Flight Time TFLT_MIN ≥ THOLD + CLKSKEW - TCO_MIN + MADJ Intel®820 Chipset Design Guide 3-5

Section	Page
Introduction 1	13
1.1 About This Design Guide	13
1.2 References	14
1.3 System Overview	14
1.3.1 Chipset Components	15
1.3.2 Bandwidth Summary	16
1.3.3 System Configuration	17
1.4 Platform Initiatives	20
1.4.1 Direct Rambus*	20
1.4.2 Streaming SIMD Extensions	20
1.4.3 AGP 2.0	20
1.4.4 Hub Interface	20
1.4.5 Manageability	21
1.4.6 AC’97	22
1.4.7 Low Pin Count (LPC) Interface	23
Layout/Routing Guidelines 2	27
2.1 General Recommendations	27
2.2 Component Quadrant Layout	27
2.3 Intel® 820 Chipset Component Placement	29
2.4 Core Chipset Routing Recommendations	30
2.5 Source Synchronous Strobing	31
2.6 Direct Rambus* Interface	33
2.6.1 Stackup	34
2.6.2 Direct Rambus* Layout Guidelines	34
2.6.2.1 RSL Routing	34
2.6.2.2 RSL Termination	37
2.6.2.3 Direct Rambus* Ground Plane Reference	39
2.6.2.4 Direct Rambus* Connector Compensation	40
2.6.2.5 RSL Signal Layer Alternation	46
2.6.2.6 Length Matching Methods	47
2.6.2.7 VIA Compensation	49
2.6.2.8 Length Matching & Via Compensation Example	49
2.6.3 Direct Rambus* Reference Voltage	51
2.6.4 High-speed CMOS Routing	51
2.6.4.1 SIO Routing	52
2.6.4.2 Suspend-to-RAM Shunt Transistor	52
2.6.5 Direct Rambus* Clock Routing	54
2.6.6 Direct Rambus* Design Checklist	54
2.7 AGP 2.0	57
2.7.1 AGP Interface Signal Groups	58
2.7.2 1X Timing Domain Routing Guidelines	59
2.7.3 2X/4X Timing Domain Routing Guidelines	59
2.7.4 AGP 2.0 Routing Summary	61
2.7.5 AGP Clock Routing	62
2.7.6 General AGP Routing Guidelines	62
2.7.7 VDDQ Generation and TYPEDET#	63
2.7.8 VREF Generation for AGP 2.0 (2X and 4X)	65
2.7.9 Compensation	67
2.7.10 AGP Pull-ups	67
2.7.10.1 AGP Signal Voltage Tolerance List	68
2.7.11 Motherboard / Add-in Card Interoperability	68
2.8 Hub Interface	69
2.8.1 Data Signals	70
2.8.2 Strobe Signals	70
2.8.3 HREF Generation/Distribution	70
2.8.4 Compensation	71
2.9 System Bus Design	72
2.9.1 100/133 MHz System Bus	72
2.9.2 System Bus Ground Plane Reference	73
2.10 S.E.C.C. 2 Grounding Retention Mechanism (GRM)	73
2.11 Processor CMOS Pullup Values	75
2.12 Additional Host Bus Guidelines	78
2.13 Ultra ATA/66	82
2.13.1 Ultra ATA/66 Detection	82
2.13.2 Ultra ATA/66 Cable Detection	83
2.13.3 Ultra ATA/66 Pullup/Pulldown Requirements	86
2.14 AC’97	87
2.14.1 AC’97 Signal Quality Requirements	89
2.14.2 AC’97 Motherboard Implementation	89
2.15 USB	91
2.16 ISA (82380AB)	92
2.16.1 ICH GPIO connected to 82380AB	92
2.16.2 Sub Class Code	92
2.17 IOAPIC Design Recommendation	92
2.18 SMBus/Alert Bus	93
2.19 PCI	93
2.20 RTC	93
2.20.1 RTC Crystal	94
2.20.2 External Capacitors	94
2.20.3 RTC Layout Considerations	95
2.20.4 RTC External Battery Connection	95
2.20.5 RTC External RTCRST Circuit	96
2.20.6 RTC Routing Guidelines	96
2.20.7 VBIAS DC Voltage and Noise Measurements	97
Advanced System Bus Design 3	101
3.1 Terminology and Definitions	101
3.2 AGTL+ Design Guidelines	104
3.2.1 Initial Timing Analysis	105
3.2.2 Determine General Topology, Layout, and Routing Desired	108
3.2.3 Pre-Layout Simulation	108
3.2.3.1 Methodology	108
3.2.3.2 Sensitivity Analysis	108
3.2.3.3 Monte Carlo Analysis	109
3.2.3.4 Simulation Criteria	109
3.2.4 Place and Route Board	110
3.2.4.1 Estimate Component To Component Spacing for AGTL+ Signals	110
3.2.4.2 Layout and Route Board	110
3.2.4.3 Host Clock Routing	112
3.2.4.4 APIC Data Bus Routing	112
3.2.5 Post-Layout Simulation	113
3.2.5.1 Intersymbol Interference	113
3.2.5.2 Cross-Talk Analysis	113
3.2.5.3 Monte Carlo Analysis	113
3.2.6 Validation	114
3.2.6.1 Measurements	114
3.2.6.2 Flight Time Simulation	114
3.2.6.3 Flight Time Hardware Validation	115
3.3 Theory	115
3.3.1 AGTL+	115
3.3.2 Timing Requirements	116
3.3.3 Cross-talk Theory	116
3.3.3.1 Potential Termination Cross-Talk Problems	118
3.4 More Details and Insight	119
3.4.1 Textbook Timing Equations	119
3.4.2 Effective Impedance and Tolerance/Variation	120
3.4.3 Power/Reference Planes, PCB Stackup, and High Frequency Decoupling	120
3.4.3.1 Power Distribution	120
3.4.3.2 Reference Planes and PCB Stackup	121
3.4.3.3 High Frequency Decoupling	122
3.4.3.4 SC242 Connector	123
3.4.4 Clock Routing	123
3.5 Definitions of Flight Time Measurements/ Corrections and Signal Quality	124
3.5.1 VREF Guardband	124
3.5.2 Ringback Levels	124
3.5.3 Overdrive Region	124
3.5.4 Flight Time Definition and Measurement	125
3.6 Conclusion	126
Clocking 4	129
4.1 Clock Generation	129
4.2 Component Placement and Interconnection Layout Requirements	134
4.2.1 14.318MHz Crystal to CK133	134
4.2.2 CK133 to DRCG	134
4.2.3 MCH to DRCG	135
4.2.4 DRCG to RDRAM Channel	136
4.2.5 Trace Length	136
4.3 DRCG Impedance Matching Circuit	138
4.3.1 DRCG Layout Example	139
4.4 AGP Clock Routing Guidelines	139
4.5 Series Termination Resistors for CK133 Clock Outputs	139
4.6 Unused Outputs	140
4.7 Decoupling Recommendation for CK133 and DRCG	140
4.8 DRCG Frequency Selection and the DRCG+	140
4.8.1 DRCG Frequency Selection Table and Jitter Specification	140
4.8.2 DRCG+ Frequency Selection Schematic	141
System Manufacturing 5	145
5.1 In Circuit FWH Flash BIOS Programming	145
5.2 FWH Flash BIOS Vpp Design Guidelines	145
5.3 Stackup Requirement	145
5.3.1 Overview	145
5.3.2 PCB Materials	146
5.3.3 Design Process	146
5.3.4 Test Coupon Design Guidelines	147
5.3.5 Recommended Stackup	147
5.3.6 Inner Layer Routing	147
5.3.7 Impedance Calculation Tools	148
5.3.8 Testing Board Impedance	148
5.3.9 Board Impedance/Stackup Summary	149
System Design Considerations 6	153
6.1 Power Delivery	153
6.1.1 Terminology and Definitions	153
6.1.2 Intel® 820 Chipset Customer Reference Board Power Delivery	154
6.1.3 64/72Mbit RDRAM Excessive Power Consumption	157
6.1.3.1 Option 1: Reduce the Clock Frequency During Initialization	158
6.1.3.2 Option 2: Increase the Current Capability of the 2.5V Voltage Regulator	158
6.2 Power Plane Splits	159
6.3 Thermal Design Power	159
6.4 Glue Chip 3 (Intel® 820 Chipset Glue Chip)	160
Appendix A: Reference Board Schematics: Uni-Processor	161
Reference Design Schematics: Uni-Processor A	163
Appendix B: Reference Design Schematics: Dual-Processor B	201

Match case Limit results 1 per page

Intel

820 Chipset

Design Guide

3-5

Advanced System Bus Design

3.2.1

Initial Timing Analysis

Perform an initial timing analysis of the system using

Equation 3-1

and

Equation 3-2

shown below.

These equations are the basis for timing analysis. To complete the initial timing analysis, values for

clock skew and clock jitter are needed, along with the component specifications. These equations

contain a multi-bit adjustment factor, M

ADJ

, to account for multi-bit switching effects such as SSO

pushout or pull-in that are often hard to simulate. These equations

not

take into consideration all

signal integrity factors that affect timing. Additional timing margin should be budgeted to allow for

these sources of noise.

Equation 3-1. Setup Time

CO_MAX

+ T

SU_MIN

+ CLK

SKEW

+ CLK

JITTER

+ T

FLT_MAX

+ M

ADJ

≤

Clock Period

Equation 3-2. Hold Time

CO_MIN

+ T

FLT_MIN

ADJ

≥

HOLD

+ CLK

SKEW

Symbols used in

Equation 3-1

and

Equation 3-2

—T

CO_MAX

is the maximum clock to output specification

—T

SU_MIN

is the minimum required time specified to setup before the clock

— CLK

JITTER

is the maximum clock edge-to-edge variation.

— CLK

SKEW

is the maximum variation between components receiving the same clock edge.

—T

FLT_MAX

is the maximum flight time as defined in

Section 3.1, “Terminology and

Definitions” on page 3-1

—T

FLT_MIN

is the minimum flight time as defined in

Section 3.1, “Terminology and

Definitions” on page 3-1

—M

ADJ

is the multi-bit adjustment factor to account for SSO pushout or pull-in.

—T

CO_MIN

is the minimum clock to output specification

—T

HOLD

is the minimum specified input hold time.

Note:

The Clock to Output (T

) and Setup to Clock (T

) timings are both measured from the signals

last crossing of V

REF

, with the requirement that the signal does not violate the ringback or edge

rate limits. See the respective Processor’s datasheet and thePentium® II

Processor Developer’s

Manual

for more details.

Solving these equations for T

FLT

results in the following equations:

Equation 3-3. Maximum Flight Time

FLT_MAX

≤

Clock Period - T

CO_MAX

- T

SU_MIN

- CLK

SKEW

- CLK

JITTER

- M

ADJ

Equation 3-4. Minimum Flight Time

FLT_MIN

≥

HOLD

+ CLK

SKEW

- T

CO_MIN

+ M

ADJ