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Yamaha LS9-32 Owner's Manual - Page 230

COMPRESSOR, EXPANDER, Time Series Analysis RATIO, I/O Characteristics, KNEE= hard, OUT GAIN=0.0dB

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Dynamics Parameters ■ COMPRESSOR The COMP processor attenuates signals above a specified THRESHOLD by a specified RATIO. The COMP processor can also be used as a limiter, which, with a RATIO of ∞:1, reduces the level to the threshold. This means that the limiter's output level never actually exceeds the threshold. Parameter THRESHOLD (dB) RATIO ATTACK (ms) RELEASE (ms) OUT GAIN (dB) KNEE Range -54 to 0 (55 points) 1.0:1, 1.1:1, 1.3:1, 1.5:1, 1.7:1, 2.0:1, 2.5:1, 3.0:1, 3.5:1, 4.0:1, 5.0:1, 6.0:1, 8.0:1, 10:1, 20:1, ∞:1 (16 points) 0-120 (121 points) 44.1kHz: 6 ms - 46.0 sec 48kHz: 5 ms - 42.3 sec (160 points) 0.0 to +18.0 (181 points) Hard, 1-5 (6 points) Description This determines the level of input signal required to trigger the compressor. This determines the amount of compression, that is, the change in output signal level relative to change in input signal level. This determines how soon the signal will be compressed once the compressor has been triggered. This determines how soon the compressor returns to its normal gain once the trigger signal level drops below the threshold. The value is expressed as the duration required for the level to change by 6 dB. This sets the compressor's output signal level. This determines how compression is applied at the threshold. For higher knee settings, compression is applied gradually as the signal exceeds the speciﬁed threshold, creating a more natural sound. • I/O Characteristics (KNEE= hard, OUT GAIN=0.0dB) THRESHOLD RATIO • Time Series Analysis (RATIO= ∞:1) Input signal Output Signal ATTACK RELEASE Output Level Input Level Output Level THRESHOLD Input Level Time Time ■ EXPANDER An expander attenuates signals below a specified THRESHOLD by a specified RATIO. Parameter THRESHOLD (dB) RATIO ATTACK (ms) RELEASE (ms) OUT GAIN (dB) KNEE Range -54 to 0 (55 points) 1.0:1, 1.1:1, 1.3:1, 1.5:1, 1.7:1, 2.0:1, 2.5:1, 3.0:1, 3.5:1, 4.0:1, 5.0:1, 6.0:1, 8.0:1, 10:1, 20:1, ∞:1 (16 points) 0-120 (121 points) 44.1kHz: 6 ms - 46.0 sec 48kHz: 5 ms - 42.3 sec (160 points) 0.0 to +18.0 (181 points) Hard, 1-5 (6 points) Description This determines the level of input signal required to trigger the expander. This determines the amount of expansion. This determines how soon the expander returns to its normal gain once the trigger signal level exceeds the threshold. This determines how soon the signal is expanded once the signal level drops below the threshold. The value is expressed as the duration required for the level to change by 6 dB. This sets the expander's output signal level. This determines how expansion is applied at the threshold. For higher knee settings, expansion is applied gradually as the signal falls below the speciﬁed threshold, creating a more natural sound. • I/O Characteristics (KNEE= hard, OUT GAIN= 0.0dB) THRESHOLD • Time Series Analysis (RATIO= ∞:1) Input Signal Output Signal ATTACK RELEASE Output Level Input Level Output Level THRESHOLD RATIO Input Level Time Time 230 LS9-16/32 Owner's Manual

Section	Page
Cover	1
PRECAUTIONS	4
Contents	6
1. Introduction	9
Thank you	9
An overview of the LS9	9
Differences between the LS9-16 and LS9-32	11
Number of INPUT channels	11
Rear panel	11
Top panel	12
Other	13
The LS9’s channel structure	13
About the MIX bus types (VARI / FIXED)	14
About word clock	14
Conventions in this manual	14
About the firmware version	14
2. Parts and their function	15
Top panel	15
Rear panel	23
Front panel	26
3. Basic operations on the LS9	27
Basic operations in the top panel	27
About the [HOME] key	27
Selecting the fader layer	27
Using the SELECTED CHANNEL section	29
Selecting functions	29
Viewing the display	30
Constant display area	30
Main area	31
The on-screen user interface	32
Assigning a name	34
Using the tool buttons	35
About the tool buttons	35
Using libraries	35
Initializing settings	38
Copying and pasting settings	39
Comparing two sets of settings	39
4. Connections and setup	41
Connections	41
Installing an option card	44
Setup required when starting up	45
Returning the current scene to the initial state	45
Word clock connection and settings	46
HA (head amp) settings	47
Sending an input channel signal to the STEREO bus	50
5. Input channel operations	53
Signal flow for input channels	53
Specifying the channel name / icon	55
HA (head amp) settings	57
Sending the signal from an input channel to the STEREO/MONO bus	58
Sending the signal from an input channel to a MIX bus	62
Using the SELECTED CHANNEL section	62
Using a popup window	64
Using the faders (SENDS ON FADER mode)	65
6. Output channel operations	67
Signal flow for output channels	67
Specifying the channel name / icon	69
Sending signals from MIX channels to the STEREO/MONO bus	71
Sending signals from MIX channels and STEREO/MONO channels to MATRIX buses	75
Using the SELECTED CHANNEL section	75
Using a popup window	77
Using the faders (SENDS ON FADER mode)	78
7. Operations in the SELECTED CHANNEL section	81
About the SELECTED CHANNEL section	81
About the SELECTED CH VIEW screen	82
Operations in the SELECTED CHANNEL section	83
8. Custom fader layer	91
About the custom fader layer	91
Assigning channels to the custom fader layer	92
9. Input/output patching	95
Changing the output patching	95
Changing the input patching	99
Inserting an external device into a channel	101
Directly outputting an INPUT channel	103
10. USB memory recorder	105
About the USB memory recorder	105
Assigning channels to the input/output of the recorder	106
Recording to USB memory	108
Playing back audio files from USB memory	110
Editing the title list	112
Linking scene recall with audio file playback	113
11. EQ and Dynamics	115
About EQ and dynamics	115
Using EQ	115
Using dynamics	117
Using the EQ/Dynamics libraries	120
EQ library	120
Dynamics library	120
12. Grouping and linking	121
About mute groups	121
Using mute groups	121
Using the MUTE GROUP screen to operate mute groups	121
Using the SELECTED CH VIEW screen to specify mute groups	122
Using the Mute Safe function	123
The Channel Link function	124
Linking the desired input channels	124
Copying, moving, or initializing a channel	126
Copying the parameters of a channel	126
Moving the parameters of a channel	127
Initializing the parameters of a channel	128
13. Scene memory	129
About scene memories	129
Using scene memories	129
Storing a scene	129
Recalling a scene	131
Using user-defined keys to recall	132
Editing scene memories	134
Sorting and renaming scene memories	134
Scene memory editing	136
Copying/pasting a scene	136
Clearing a scene	137
Cutting a scene	138
Inserting a scene	138
Using the Focus function	139
Using the Recall Safe function	140
Using the Fade function	143
14. Monitor/Cue	145
About the monitor/cue functions	145
Using the Monitor function	146
Using the Cue function	148
About cue groups	148
Operating the Cue function	149
15. Talkback / Oscillator	151
About talkback and oscillator	151
Using talkback	151
Using the oscillator	153
16. Meters	155
Using the METER screen	155
17. Graphic EQ and effects	157
About the virtual rack	157
Mounting a GEQ or effect in the virtual rack	158
Graphic EQ operations	161
About the graphic EQ	161
Inserting a GEQ in a channel	161
Using the 31 Band GEQ	163
Using the Flex15GEQ	164
About the internal effects	166
Using an internal effect via send/ return	167
Inserting an internal effect into a channel	168
Editing the internal effect parameters	170
Using the Tap Tempo function	172
Using the Freeze effect	173
Using the graphic EQ and effect libraries	174
GEQ library	174
Effect library	174
Using an external head amp	175
Remotely controlling an external head amp	175
18. MIDI	177
MIDI functionality on the LS9	177
Basic MIDI settings	178
Using program changes to recall scenes and library items	180
Using control changes to control parameters	183
Using parameter changes to control parameters	185
Using MMC (MIDI Machine Control) to operate the USB memory recorder	186
19. User settings (Security)	187
User Level settings	187
User types and user authentication keys	187
Setting the Administrator password	188
Creating a user authentication key	188
Logging-in	189
Changing the password	191
Editing a user authentication key	192
Changing the user level	192
Preferences	194
User-defined keys	196
Console lock	197
Locking the console	197
Unlocking the console	198
Specifying the CONSOLE LOCK screen image	198
Using USB memory to save/load data	199
Saving the LS9’s internal data on USB memory	199
Loading a file from USB memory	200
Editing the files saved on USB memory	201
Formatting USB memory media	204
20. Other functions	205
About the SETUP screen	205
Word clock settings	206
Switching a digital I/O card’s SRC on/off	208
Using cascade connections	209
Operations on the cascade slave LS9	210
Operations on the cascade master LS9	212
Basic settings for MIX buses and MATRIX buses	213
Setting the date and time of the internal clock	215
Setting the network address	216
Specifying the brightness or contrast of the display, LEDs, and lamps	217
Using the Help function	218
Loading a Help file from a USB memory	218
Loading a text file from a USB memory	219
Assigning the Help function to a user-defined key	219
Viewing Help	220
Initializing the LS9’s internal memory	222
Adjusting the faders (Calibration function)	223
Adjusting the input/output gain (Calibration function)	224
Appendices	225
EQ Library List	225
DYNAMICS Library List	227
Dynamics Parameters	229
Effect Type List	232
Effects Parameters	233
Effects and tempo synchronization	244
Scene Memory/Effect Library to Program Change Table	245
Parameters that can be assigned to control changes	249
Control change parameter assignments	251
NRPN parameter assignments	253
Mixing parameter operation applicability	256
Functions that can be assigned to user-defined keys	257
MIDI Data Format	260
Warning/Error Messages	268
Troubleshooting	270
General Specifications	272
Input/output characteristics	273
Electrical characteristics	275
Mixer Basic Parameters	277
Pin Assignment	278
Dimensions	279
Attaching the RK1 rackmount kit (sold separately)	280
MIDI Implementation Chart	281
Index	282
Block Diagram	287

Match case Limit results 1 per page

Dynamics Parameters

230

LS9-16/32

Owner’s Manual

■

COMPRESSOR

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

The COMP processor attenuates signals above a specified THRESHOLD by a specified RATIO. The COMP processor can also

be used as a limiter, which, with a RATIO of

∞

:1, reduces the level to the threshold. This means that the limiter’s output level

never actually exceeds the threshold.

■

EXPANDER

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

An expander attenuates signals below a specified THRESHOLD by a specified RATIO.

Parameter

Range

Description

THRESHOLD (dB)

–54 to 0 (55 points)

This determines the level of input signal required to trigger the compressor.

RATIO

1.0:1, 1.1:1, 1.3:1, 1.5:1, 1.7:1, 2.0:1,

2.5:1, 3.0:1, 3.5:1, 4.0:1, 5.0:1, 6.0:1,

8.0:1, 10:1, 20:1,

∞

:1 (16 points)

This determines the amount of compression, that is, the change in output signal

level relative to change in input signal level.

ATTACK (ms)

0–120 (121 points)

This determines how soon the signal will be compressed once the compressor has

been triggered.

RELEASE (ms)

44.1kHz: 6 ms – 46.0 sec

48kHz: 5 ms – 42.3 sec (160 points)

This determines how soon the compressor returns to its normal gain once the trigger

signal level drops below the threshold. The value is expressed as the duration

required for the level to change by 6 dB.

OUT GAIN (dB)

0.0 to +18.0 (181 points)

This sets the compressor’s output signal level.

KNEE

Hard, 1–5 (6 points)

This determines how compression is applied at the threshold. For higher knee set-

tings, compression is applied gradually as the signal exceeds the speciﬁed threshold,

creating a more natural sound.

Parameter

Range

Description

THRESHOLD (dB)

–54 to 0 (55 points)

This determines the level of input signal required to trigger the expander.

RATIO

1.0:1, 1.1:1, 1.3:1, 1.5:1, 1.7:1, 2.0:1,

2.5:1, 3.0:1, 3.5:1, 4.0:1, 5.0:1, 6.0:1,

8.0:1, 10:1, 20:1,

∞

:1 (16 points)

This determines the amount of expansion.

ATTACK (ms)

0–120 (121 points)

This determines how soon the expander returns to its normal gain once the trigger

signal level exceeds the threshold.

RELEASE (ms)

44.1kHz: 6 ms – 46.0 sec

48kHz: 5 ms – 42.3 sec (160 points)

This determines how soon the signal is expanded once the signal level drops below

the threshold. The value is expressed as the duration required for the level to change

by 6 dB.

OUT GAIN (dB)

0.0 to +18.0 (181 points)

This sets the expander’s output signal level.

KNEE

Hard, 1–5 (6 points)

This determines how expansion is applied at the threshold. For higher knee settings,

expansion is applied gradually as the signal falls below the speciﬁed threshold, creat-

ing a more natural sound.

Input Level

Time

Output Level

Input Level

Output Level

•

Time Series Analysis (RATIO=

∞

:1)

RATIO

THRESHOLD

Input signal

Output Signal

ATTACK

RELEASE

•

I/O Characteristics

(KNEE= hard, OUT GAIN=0.0dB)

Input Level

Time

Output Level

Input Level

Output Level

•

I/O Characteristics

(KNEE= hard, OUT GAIN= 0.0dB)

•

Time Series Analysis (RATIO=

∞

:1)

RATIO

THRESHOLD

Input Signal

Output Signal

ATTACK

RELEASE